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working drawing

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working drawing 圖紙，施工圖紙。

圖紙，施工圖紙。 “working“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.工作的，從事勞動的。 2.操作的，作業的。 ...“drawing“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.延引，牽引；引誘。 2.抽簽；拈鬮。 3.【機 ...“detail drawing, working drawing“ 中文翻譯：   零件圖“adding working drawing“ 中文翻譯：   附加加工圖“architectural working drawing“ 中文翻譯：   建筑施工圖; 建筑施工詳圖“assembly working drawing“ 中文翻譯：   組合工作圖“detail working drawing“ 中文翻譯：   施工詳圖“structural working drawing“ 中文翻譯：   結構施工圖“working drawing estimate“ 中文翻譯：   施工圖預算“ultrasonic drawing die working machine“ 中文翻譯：   超聲波拉絲模加工機“drawing“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.延引，牽引；引誘。 2.抽簽；拈鬮。 3.【機械工程】拔絲；沖壓成形。 4.描畫，制圖；圖，圖形；素描；圖畫。 5.【紡織；印染】練條；【機械工程】回火，退火。 6.(支票等的)開發，付給；〔pl.〕 〔英國〕售得金額。 make a rough drawing of 給…畫草圖。 a lineal [line] drawing 素描。 a watercolour drawing 水彩畫。 a working drawing 施工圖。 in [out] drawing (不)合畫法，畫得(不)準確；和環境(不)相稱。 make a drawing 打圖樣。 “drawing-in“ 中文翻譯：   拉進 穿經“in drawing“ 中文翻譯：   畫得精確“working“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 1.工作的，從事勞動的。 2.操作的，作業的。 3.工人的。 4.(用于)實際工作的，任事的；使用(中)的，運轉(中)的；經營的，營業的，流動的。 5.完成的，(可)實行的；有效的。 working hours 工作時間。 working expenses 經營費用。 working cost 生產費。 n. 1.作用；勞動；工作；作業；操作；加工；維護；運轉，駕駛；(數學的)運算，計算。 2.〔常 pl.〕(礦山、采石場等的)作業現場；發酵作用。 cool working 冷卻。 old workings 【礦物】廢井。 “working with“ 中文翻譯：   以……為工作手段“as-completed drawing as-built drawing“ 中文翻譯：   修改圖竣工圖“drawing desk，drawing table“ 中文翻譯：   制圖桌“drawing table，drawing desk“ 中文翻譯：   制圖桌“isometric drawing; detail drawing“ 中文翻譯：   透視圖“schedule drawing; engineering drawing“ 中文翻譯：   工程圖“silk for drawing on; drawing“ 中文翻譯：   silk畫絹“working grouon working methods“ 中文翻譯：   工作方法問題工作組“working team; working-set“ 中文翻譯：   工作組“a dab at drawing“ 中文翻譯：   繪畫能手“a drawing on the blackboard“ 中文翻譯：   黑板上畫的圖

working face

This paper analyses the annotated rules of the reinforcement news of the frame brace expressed in “ plane method “ construction drawing , sums up the expressed characteristics of the reinforcement news of the frame brace , the object - oriented method is adopted to get the expressed pattern of the reinforcement news of the frame brace ; based on the character of autocad graphics , excogitated a layering method of recognizing autocad format engineering graphics information by imported the idea of web hiberarchy and computer organizing hiberarchy ; the method which is automation contract information of dxf format are got through analyzing the data structure of autocad dxf format ; presenting a practice scheme of the frame brace steel bar information recognizing system , researching the kernel tech of the system and programmed it , discussing existing problem and resolved method and improving it of the system ; lastly , it tests and verifies the feasibility and validity of the method which is got through reading the working drawing of a actual engineering expressed in “ plane method “ and after running the programming of this paper . in this paper , it makes the determination of steel length in construction and computer of engineering quantity in the budget to achieve reading drawing and statistics voluntarily 對“平法”施工圖中框架柱鋼筋信息的注寫規則進行了深入分析和研究，對完整反映框架柱鋼筋的各類信息表達特點進行了歸納，在此基礎上利用面向對象的程序設計方法及c + +語言建立了描述框架柱鋼筋所有信息的表達模型；根據autocad格式圖形的特點，引入了網絡層次結構及計算機系統分層體系的思想，研究出一套適用于autocad格式的工程圖形信息識別的層次化方法；對autocad的dxf文件的數據格式進行深入地分析，并在此基礎上得出讀取dxf文件的方法，獲得所需的鋼筋信息；運用層次化圖形識別方法，給出了框架柱鋼筋信息識別系統的具體實現方案，對系統采用的核心技術進行了研究并進行了具體的編程實現，討論了系統存在的實際問題與解決方法及對系統的進一步完善；最后用一個實際工程實例，通過運用本文的程序后所得的結果，檢驗了該模型的正確性和該方法的有效性。

The cost control of hlsip shoud take a method of quota design step by step during the design stage ; during the construction seage , the emphasis should be attached to optimizing construction scheme , check and signing the working drawing and making a strict demand on metering pay . at the same time , the cost out - of - control should be avoided , and the constructor should treat the project change cautiously and properly handle the claim 高揚程梯級提水灌溉工程的投資控制，在設計階段應逐步推行限額設計的作法；施工階段以優化施工方案，審簽施工圖紙，嚴格計量支付為重點，防止投資失控，同時要謹慎對待工程變更，正確處理索賠事宜。

The exhibition catalogue for “ magnificent vision : the art of li keran “ introduces 118 painting and calligraphy works drawn from different periods of li s artistic career and spanning the years from the 1940s to the end of the 1980s . each work serves to illuminate an episode in the development of this innovative and highly influential artist that spurred him on in his search for an ideal pictorial solution at a time when all traditional approaches seemed to have been repudiated by modernist reformers 氣宇軒宏李可染的藝術展覽目錄內刊出118幅李可染由四十年代至八十年代末不同時期的繪畫及書法作品，使大眾能較全面地了解這位藝術大師的創作歷程，也反映他反覆錘?的精神，在長期探索的過程中，開創了中西融和的藝術景象。

During recently 3 years , i mainly engaged in mechanical vocation ' s plant planning . i attended 25 projects , which including feasible reports , preliminary designing and working drawing designing , ranged over establishment or technology reforming of machine tool factory , gear factory , tractor factory , automobile manufactory , electric pump factory , electromechanics factory , electric cable factory , the highest investment of them is 160 million yuan , total design work expand over 850 million ( no repeat calculate ) . for i have professional ability and well up in developmental situation of mechanical vocation and it ' s situation inside jiangsu province , these projects what i designed were all authorized by leading department and expert , introduced into national plan and bring into operation . these projects bring both economic profit and society profit for the factory ' s technical advancement , product ' s update . as the director of these projects in these designing and consultation work , i generally organize and operate these and earn the higher valuation of leading department and consumer 近三年來主要從事機械行業工廠工程設計,先后參與二十五個項目的可行性研究報告編制,初步設計和施工圖設計.涉及機床廠,齒輪廠,拖拉機廠,汽車制造廠,電泵廠,電機廠,電纜廠的新建或技術改造,其中單項投資額最高的為1 . 6億元,總計完成投資額為8 . 5億元(未重復計算)的設計工作量.由于對機械行業發展狀況和省內狀況較為熟悉,具有一定的專業水平,這些設計項目均經有關領導部門,專家審定列入國家計劃,得以實施,為工廠的技術進步,產品更新換代,生產發展創造較好的經濟效益和社會效益.在這些設計,咨詢中,本人均任項目負責人,全面組織,實施設計工作,得到主管部門和用戶較高評價

Based on such characteristics and the researches of the country and outside , this paper mainly studies at the automatic distribution of prestressing cables of prestressed concrete beam bridge and the automatic working drawing of the steel bundles . in this paper , based on the study of the group of the project , it sets up a fuzzy optimum math - model of the prestressed degree for prestressing cables disposition of prestressed concrete continuous beam bridges . and in the drawing of the steel bundles , the set up of the “ prestressing cable model “ makes its course convenient 本文針對現有的橋梁cad系統的不足，從工程實際應用的角度出發，初步構想了預應力混凝土梁橋cad系統的框架，并主要在其自動配束以及預應力鋼束布置圖的自動繪制方面作了一定的分析與研究：在配束方面，根據其設計的特點及存在預應力束調配過程煩瑣的現象，引入數學方法，基于模糊集合和預應力度的概念，初步探討了連續梁橋預應力鋼束自動配置的機理；在鋼束圖的繪制上，根據對鋼束特點的分析，提出了“鋼束模型”的概念，對預應力束進行描述，并給出了控制“鋼束模型”以及鋼束布置的參數，據此，作者采用fortran語言編寫了鋼束布置圖的繪制程序，實現了鋼束布置圖的自動繪制。

Being resipansible for technology guality of this unit , i have arganized and completed or then 10 great consultative projects in meteluvgical industing including feasible research repart and preliminary design of dan yang ring - type sintering plant loaned from world bank . designed no . 6 semi - contiuars rolling mill line of shagang group ; nangang group steel making plant water treatinent system , feasible research report and preliminarg design of nangang group no . 3 continuous casting machiue and hebei wwan iron making co . 24m2 rinn - tgpe sintering plant , as chief - disigner , none argamizing working drawing disign far it 作為本單位技術質量負責人，近年來組織了完成了10余項較大規模的冶多工程咨詢任務，其中包括世行貸款的丹陽環燒工程可研和初步設計；擔負港沙鋼集團六軋車間半連軋生產線設計；南鋼集團煉鋼廠水處理系統完善；南鋼集團煉鋼廠矩形柜連鑄可研及初步設計；河北武安市鐵業公司24m ^ 2環燒工程擔任總設計師，完成了初步設計，正組織開展施工圖設計。

This paper researches laying out mode and procedure of manual drawing , describs in bfn constructing elements and their structure of working drawing , and determines factors which affect drawing effect . it introduces simply that functions of an interactive drawing software , which are basic and special laying out characters , methods of modification and logical order of normal drawing . also an example is given . the paper formulates out a helpful method with which engineering drawing is drawed under interactive system 研究了傳統繪圖模式的構圖方式和過程，用巴科斯范式描述了零件圖的構圖元素與結構，確定了影響繪圖效率的因素.文中簡要介紹了交互圖形軟件具有的基本的和特有的功能，在交互繪圖中的構圖特點，圖形的生成與修改，一般作圖的邏輯順序，同時給出了示例.該文歸納出用交互圖形系統生成工程圖樣的便捷方法

The technological innovation and optimum design were implemented by the design organization during the working drawing period , as a result , the new technology of separated floor for draft tube bend is applied , and the optimized arrangement plan of structure is more compact , the structure form is more rational , rate of progress is accelerated , about 1 . 37 hundred million yuan is saved , which is of significant general benefits 施工詳圖階段，設計單位根據創建節約型社會的宗旨，積極開展一系列技術創新和優化設計工作，并首創了廠房尾水管肘管段分離式底板新技術，優化設計后樞紐布置更加緊湊，建筑物結構形式更為合理，加快了施工進度，節約工程投資約1 . 37億元，綜合效益顯著。

The two blocks are developed with the method of object - oriented programming and classes are designed to realize the functions of data input & output , data processing and working drawing . the encapsulate of class achieves the data abstraction and information hiding . at the same time , it makes sure not only the independence of classes also the readability , ability of maintenance and expansibility of the programme 其中，每個類利用類的封裝機制實現了數據的抽象和信息的隱藏，既保證了每個類的相對獨立性，又保證了程序的的易讀性，易維護性和可擴展性，使本系統成為一個開放體系，為以后程序的完善和擴展打下基礎。

Objectarx software kit is used for working drawing . drawing block classes are designed for drawing . when the result of the data computing is passed into painting block , the drawing block objects are created and the objects are added into system graphic database , thus the working drawing is auto _ drawn 同樣，對繪圖程序的開發，也是先定制了一系列圖塊類，整個施工圖就由這些圖塊類構成；在類定制完畢后，將計算程序的計算結果傳入繪圖程序中，然后創建圖塊類的對象，將這些對象加入系統圖形數據庫，自動生成施工圖。

He also did extensive research on chinese etymological studies and experimented with the use of different forms of chinese calligraphy such as jiagu wen , zhongding wen , and zhuan shu , and the transformation of tuhua wenzi to wenzi hua . much of his work drew from cultural and literati sources e . g 他也對中國語源的研究有著深廣的研究，同時在實踐上，他使用了甲骨文，鐘鼎文和篆書等各種不同的形式的中國文字表現來實驗，把這些圖畫文字轉換成為文字畫。

However , the software of diaphragm which integrates data computing , processing and working drawing auto - painting has n ' t come into use . in this paper , a new cad system of diaphragm based on vc + + 6 . 0 and objectarx software kit is proposed to combine functions of computing and working drawing 為了滿足實際工程的需要，本文作者以微薄之力，試著開發一套集計算與繪圖一體的，以vc + + 6 . 0和autocad的obiectarx軟件包為支持的地下連續墻cad系統。

The main contents are as follows : l . this paper discusses the structure of cad system . according to the design process of the miter gate , this paper adopts parallel structure to combine the plain structure design , spacial fem calculations and working drawing in rzmcad system 主要研究內容如下： 1 、研究探討了cad的系統結構；根據人字門的設計過程特點，研究采用了集平面結構設計? ?空間有限元分析? ?施工圖繪制于一體的并行結構設計方法。

The main contents are as follows : 1 . this paper discusses the structure of cad system . according to the design process of the plane gate , this paper combines the structure design , special fem modeling and working drawing and calculation description in pgcad system 主要研究內容如下： 1 、研究探討了cad的系統結構；根據平面閘門的設計過程和特點，采用集平面結構設計? ?有限元建模? ?施工圖繪制? ?計算說明書生成于一體的設計方法。

4 . the parameterized method of disposition drawing of the plane gate is discussed in this paper . with the foundation of the establishing of a graph library of hydraulic metal , the working drawing subsystem is developed , which realizes the auto - disposition drawing 4 、探討了平面閘門參數化繪圖的程序開發技術，研究建立了水工金屬結構圖形庫，開發了平面閘門布置圖繪制子系統，實現了平面閘門布置圖的自動繪制。

November of the same year , in conformity with ministry of foreign affairs task , she draw the jumbo portrait for jordan former queen nguktrum ? hussein , her jumbo portrait works drawn for newly appointed king abdullah is as the important country ' s gift by visit country group 1997年11月，應外交部國禮任務，為約旦前王后努爾?侯賽因繪制巨幅肖像，為新任國王阿卜杜拉繪制的巨幅肖像作品被國家出訪團做為重要國禮。

5 . the parameterized method of working drawing of the miter gate is discussed in this paper . with the foundation of the establishing of a graph library of hydraulic metal , the working drawing subsystem is developed , which realizes automatization of working drawing , 5 、探討了人字門參數化繪圖的程序開發技術，研究建立了水工金屬結構圖形庫，開發了人字門施工圖繪制子系統，實現了人字門施工圖的自動繪制。

The conventional process planning depends on technological engineers “ experience of long career . referring to data , calculating on working process , drafting working drawing , filling procedure card and process card and so on are all by hand 傳統的工藝規程設計依靠工藝人員長期從事生產活動的經驗，查閱資料、工藝計算、繪制工序圖、填寫工藝卡片和表格文件等，均以手工方式進行。

It is affected by many factors , such as construction method , creep secondary internal forces , secondary internal forces caused by exerted indeterminate structure and so on ; the other is in the working drawing of the prestressing cables 對其中任一工序，尤其是超靜定結構，其所配預應力束筋又導致內力重分配，因而需要反復調整，直到滿足要求；二是在施工圖的繪制方面。