x

vicarious

uploads/vicarious.jpg

vicarious adj.1.代理(人)的。2.替代(別人)的；做替身的；...

adj. 1.代理(人)的。 2.替代(別人)的；做替身的；(想像別人的苦樂而)產生同感[共鳴]的。 3.【醫學】替代(性)的。 短語和例子vicarious authority 代理職權。 vicarious haemorrhage 【醫學】替代性出血。 adv. -ly ,-ness n. “vicarious admission“ 中文翻譯：   代理的自認“vicarious area“ 中文翻譯：   同源種分布區“vicarious atonement“ 中文翻譯：   代贖“vicarious authority“ 中文翻譯：   代理職權“vicarious avicularium“ 中文翻譯：   代位鳥頭體“vicarious conditioning“ 中文翻譯：   替代性條件作用“vicarious consequences“ 中文翻譯：   替叢結果; 替代性結果“vicarious diarrhea“ 中文翻譯：   代償性腹瀉“vicarious dysmenorrhea“ 中文翻譯：   異位痛經“vicarious emphysema“ 中文翻譯：   代償性氣腫“vicarious epistaxis“ 中文翻譯：   人償性鼻出血“vicarious experience“ 中文翻譯：   替代性經驗“vicarious extinction“ 中文翻譯：   感應式學習消除“vicarious function“ 中文翻譯：   替代作用“vicarious hemorrhage“ 中文翻譯：   代償性出血“vicarious hemorrhages“ 中文翻譯：   代償性出血“vicarious hypertrophy“ 中文翻譯：   代償性肥大; 替代性肥大“vicarious learning“ 中文翻譯：   代替學習“vicarious liability“ 中文翻譯：   替代責任; 因他人作為而負上的法律責任; 轉承法律責任; 轉承責任; 轉承債務“vicarious menstruation“ 中文翻譯：   代償性月經, 異位月經; 倒經“vicarious ovicell“ 中文翻譯：   代位卵胞“vicarious reinforcement“ 中文翻譯：   替代強化; 替代性強化“vicarious respiration“ 中文翻譯：   代償性呼吸“vicarious treatment“ 中文翻譯：   替代療法“vicariotto“ 中文翻譯：   維卡里托“vicariot“ 中文翻譯：   維卡里奧

Firstly , this discourse defines the concept of vicarious liability of employers ; clarifies the characteristics of this system by comparison with other systems and describes the theoretical basis in stress . secondly , this discourse brings forward that , the principle adjusting the vicarious liability of employers shall a combination of doctrine of tort liability under the standard liability “ s direction and doctrine of no - fault liability 其次，運用比較分析的方法，在對不同立法類型和學說分析和評價的基礎上，提出雇主轉承責任的歸責原則應為本位責任指導下的過錯責任和無過錯責任相結合的原則，雇主轉承責任構成必須具備的四個要件，并詳細闡述了四個要件的判斷標準。

Consulting the foreign experience of legislation , it has been a legislative trend to establish the system of vicarious liability of employers . this discourse , attempts to deepen the discussion through the comprehensive analysis on foreign legislative examples and thoughts about systems of vicarious liability of employers , as well as the combination of our county “ s present legislative and judicial situations 借鑒國外的立法經驗，建立完備的雇主轉承責任制度已是立法所趨，本文試圖通過對國外雇主轉承責任制度的立法體例及法律思想進行綜合分析，并結合我國立法和司法實踐的現狀，對如何構建我國的雇主責任制度作一詳細探討。

Summing up the past scientific discoveries , the end of this vicarious journey may mark the start of the real “ cosmic voyage “ of humankind 在總結過去科學發現的同時，這次夢想旅程的終結也許正是人類真正時空之旅的開始。

vice

Firstly , this discourse defines the concept of vicarious liability of employers ; clarifies the characteristics of this system by comparison with other systems and describes the theoretical basis in stress . secondly , this discourse brings forward that , the principle adjusting the vicarious liability of employers shall a combination of doctrine of tort liability under the standard liability “ s direction and doctrine of no - fault liability 其次，運用比較分析的方法，在對不同立法類型和學說分析和評價的基礎上，提出雇主轉承責任的歸責原則應為本位責任指導下的過錯責任和無過錯責任相結合的原則，雇主轉承責任構成必須具備的四個要件，并詳細闡述了四個要件的判斷標準。

On one aspect , through long - term judicial precedent , the united states has been tallied up three types of liability for copyright infrigement by isps , they are direct copyright liability , contributory copyright liability , and vicarious copyright liability ; on the other aspect , title ii of the dmca adds a new section 512 to the copyright act to create five limitations on liability for copyright infringement by isps , which is called “ safe harbors ” , finding out an understanding to definitely break for the problem of beneficial equilibrium in copyright protection , which has already perplexed educational circles for a long time 在isp著作權侵權的責任類型方面,美國經過長期的司法判例實踐,總結了直接侵權責任、輔助侵權責任和替代侵權責任三種;在isp著作權侵權的責任限制方面,美國的dmca在其第二部分規定了五種“安全港” ,為長期以來困擾學界的著作權保護利益平衡問題找到了解決的突破口。

After reviewing the traditional theories of vicarious liability and doctrine of identification in common law countries , it describes and reviews in details the latest development in this field such as the aggregation doctrine model , the reactive corporate fault model , corporate mens rea doctrine model , the management failure model and the model of self - identity 第一節介紹與評析了普通法系國家的法人刑事責任理論。在系統梳理了傳統的替代責任與同一原則理論，以及晚近出現的集合原則、法人反應原則、法人犯意原則以及法人自身特性原則等法人刑事責任的新理論之后，本文對新舊理論作了一一評述。

In usa , although the legislation has adopted parallel models of vicarious liability and doctrine of identification , in judicial practice especially in the federal court the vicarious liability model dominates . further to that the us judicial practice has been very responsive to the latest theory and seeks to consider the internal independent mind of corporate crime and misconduct 美國在立法上雖已形成替代責任與同一原則并存的格局，但在司法上特別是聯邦法院主要的依據仍然是替代責任；法院一直致力于擴展替代責任的范圍，并在司法實踐中繼續采納新的法人刑事責任理論，試圖撇開實施犯罪行為的自然人，直接考慮法人內在的獨立犯罪意志，以求擴大法人的刑事責任。

On the operation risk , invests the threshold and the operation degree of difficulty looked that , the use fund investment way , grasps the tendency which the future original material , the energy will continue rises , even the relative vicarious energy investment sign also will receive investor ' s attention , all will be the relative better choice 就操作風險、投資門檻及操作困難度來看，利用基金投資的方式，掌握未來原物料、能源續漲的趨勢，甚至相對替代性能源的投資標的亦受到投資者的關注，皆是相對較佳的選擇。

Consulting the foreign experience of legislation , it has been a legislative trend to establish the system of vicarious liability of employers . this discourse , attempts to deepen the discussion through the comprehensive analysis on foreign legislative examples and thoughts about systems of vicarious liability of employers , as well as the combination of our county “ s present legislative and judicial situations 借鑒國外的立法經驗，建立完備的雇主轉承責任制度已是立法所趨，本文試圖通過對國外雇主轉承責任制度的立法體例及法律思想進行綜合分析，并結合我國立法和司法實踐的現狀，對如何構建我國的雇主責任制度作一詳細探討。

Regarding cases involving not more than 20 employees each , the ld handled 7 812 claims relating to the vicarious liability of principal contractors and their sub - contractors to pay wages to construction workers from 2001 to 2003 . a total of 30 806 employees were involved 至于不超過20名雇員的個案，勞工處由2001年至2003年間共處理7812宗建造業雇員向總承建商（俗稱大判）及其屬下的分包商（俗稱判頭）追討代償工資的申索個案，涉及30 , 806名雇員。

The thesis comprises three chapters . the author wants to illustrate franchisor ’ s vicarious liability which plays a important role to promote the general and healthy development of commercial franchises with concept , origin , character , significance , and value analysis 本文筆者從特許人角度著手,通過分析特許人在特許經營中的地位、作用及目的,最終得出特許人才是特許經營中的最大受益者,特許經營的一切活動都是為特許人服務的。

How to strengthen examination management , stop vicarious examination etc cheating behavior and increase the transparency , standardization of examination management are the key urgently waiting to be solved at home 加強考試管理，杜絕替考等作弊行為，增加考試管理的透明度、規范化，成為國內考試管理軟件亟待解決的關鍵。

And the affiliation wants by this research to discuss at present to invest the net worth which between the energy and the vicarious energy obtained arrives and to make a profit whether has the relative relations 并藉由本研究欲探討出當前投資能源與替代性能源之間所得到的凈值及獲利是否存在相對關系。

Will use the expectation monetary value ( emv ) the policy - making theory to confirm the energy and the vicarious energy achievements appraised then will provide the direction which the investor will choose 將采用期望貨幣價值( emv )決策理論來驗證能源及替代性能源的績效評估進而將提供投資者選擇的方向。

In the first 11 months of 2004 , the ld handled 127 labour disputes over non - payment of wages to construction workers and 2 706 claims relating to the vicarious liability of contractors to pay wages 而2004年首11個月，勞工處則分別處理127宗建造業拖欠薪酬的勞資糾紛及2 , 706宗代償工資申索個案。

In narrator by the access of years and in consequence of the use of narcotic toxin : in listener by the access of years and in consequence of the action of distraction upon vicarious experiences 講者是因歲數增長以及服用麻醉劑的結果。聽者則因歲數增長以及設想著身臨其境的感受用以自娛的結果。

As a special kind of tort liability , the special assuming ways , excuses of exemption and extinctive prescription of the vicarious liability of employers are also analyzed in this discourse 作為一種特殊侵權責任，雇主轉承責任有其特殊的承擔方式、免責事由和訴訟時效，本文也對其進行了分析。

The university is concerned with possible infringement of copyright and other intellectual property rights by its appointees and students , and for which the university may have vicarious liability 中大關注其雇員及學生有可能侵犯版權及其他知識產權；中大亦因此而間接承擔責任。

At last , the author concludes that the system of franchisor ’ s vicarious liability is imperative under the situation by integrating our franchising state and legislation environment 因此,筆者認為,特許人應代受許人承擔因特許經營而引發且對第三人造成損害的責任。