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vascular bundle

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vascular bundle 【植物；植物學】維管束。

【植物；植物學】維管束。 “vascular“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 【解、生】脈管的，由脈管形成的；血管的。 ad ...“bundle“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.包袱，包裹。 2.包，捆，扎，束，卷，把，叢。 ...“abnormal vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   異常維管束“amphicribral concentric vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   雙韌同心維管束“amphicribral vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   周期性維管束; 周韌型維管束 周韌維管束“amphivasal vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   周木型維管束 周木維管束“bicollateral vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   雙韌型維管束 雙韌維管束“closed collateral vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   閉鎖并立型維管束“closed vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   閉鎖維管束; 有限維管束“collateral vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   并立型維管束; 并行維管束; 外韌維管束; 外韌型維管束“commissural vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   聯接維管束“compound vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   復合維管束“concentric vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   同心維管束“cortical vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   皮層維管束“dissection of vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   血管束解剖“freeing of vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   血管束游離術“great vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   大維管束“normal vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   正常維管束“open vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   開放式微管束; 開放維管束“primary vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   初生初維管束; 初生維管束“primery vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   初生纖維束“radial vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   放射維管束; 輻射維管束“secondary vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   次生維管束“small vascular bundle“ 中文翻譯：   小維管束“vascular bundle sheath“ 中文翻譯：   維管束鞘

Based on the reseaching of lycoris leaf micro - morphology characters by sem scanning , light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article , we try to provide the proofs of experiment and the efffective characer indexes to discuss the system and evolution of the lycoris . we find these microscope characers through reseach are as follows : the arrangement type , density and the length of stoma ; the shape and length of the epidermal cells ; the ridge of epidermis ; the transverse shape of leaf ; the number of the vascular bundle ; the style of vessel arrangement of vascular bundle in the middle vein ; the layers of palisade tissue ; the ratio of the thicken of palisade tissue to that of spongy tissue ; the angle number of the middle leaf ; the type of ventilating cavity etc . these characters are different from those of species in lycoris , meanwhile these characters are similar to those of some species in lycoris . so these characters can be used as the character indexes for differentiating species and reseaching systematic evolution of lycoris ; we can divide lycoris into two subgenus by these characteristic indexes : the species of one subgenus are l . aurea ( l “ her . ) herb , , chinensis traub , l . caldweuii traub , l . anhuiensis y . hsu et q . j . fan , l . longituba y . hsu et q . j . fan ; the species of another subgenu s are l . houdyshelii traub , l . albiflora koidz . , 研究結果表明：葉表皮的氣孔排列方式、長度、長寬比，脊的明顯與否，葉表皮上的顆粒紋飾的多少、大小，葉表皮細胞長度、長寬比、垂周壁形狀，上部葉柵欄組織細胞層數、葉的維管束數、葉中脈導管組成數目，氣腔類型，葉的脊部遠軸面的角數，葉緣的形狀等這些特征在種間存在差異，同時，在有些種之間又有相似性；因此，這些特征既可以作為區分種的證據，又是研究石蒜屬植物系統演化的性狀指標，根據這些性狀指標，可以將石蒜屬植物大致分為兩個亞屬：一是忽地笑、中國石蒜、短蕊石蒜、安徽石蒜、長筒石蒜，二是江蘇石蒜、乳白石蒜、石蒜、玫瑰石蒜、稻草石蒜；在兩個亞屬中其中有些種如忽地笑、長筒石蒜、中國石蒜的親緣關系則更近些。

The results indicated that ( 1 ) “ longxianhuosuan “ presented more regular and more densely - arranged epidermal cells in its scapes than “ gailiangsuan “ ; ( 2 ) “ longxianhuosuan “ showed a lower stomata number but a larger stomatal aperture in its scape surface than “ gailiangsuan “ ; its scapes had a great number of secretory cells , which had a larger size and appeared earlier ; its scapes presented a smaller number of vascular bundles with smaller diameters ( 3 ) “ longxianhuosuan “ had polygonal cells in its scape pith with their intercellular space occupying a small proportion while “ gailiangsuan “ showed elliptical cells in its scape pith with their intercellular space occupying a high proportion 結果表明： ( 1 ) “隴縣火蒜”比“改良蒜”蒜薹的表皮細胞形狀規則，排列致密；角質層較薄； ( 2 ) “隴縣火蒜”比“改良蒜”蒜薹表面的氣孔數量少，但開張度大；分泌細胞出現早、體積大、數量多；維管束數量少、直徑小； ( 3 ) “隴縣火蒜”蒜薹髓細胞衛多邊形，髓細胞間隙率小，而“改良蒜”蒜薹的髓細胞呈橢圓形，髓細胞間隙率大。

vascular cylinder

More anthraquinone compounds was distributed in pith ray cells and the tissues of mature stem suchas bundle sheaths in large - scale vascular bundle , primary phloem and primary xylem than that in young stem . [ conclusion ] the distribution of anthraquinone compounds in the stem was of multilocus 結果隨著莖的不斷成熟，在莖的表皮、近表皮的1 ~ 2層皮層細胞及較內部皮層中，不同程度地增加貯藏和積累了一定數量的蒽醌類化合物，成為莖外部貯藏和積累蒽醌共化合物的主要結構部位成熱莖大型維管束的維管束鞘、初生韌皮部、初生木質部等組織和髓射線細胞分布了比幼莖多的蒽醌類化合物。

The results showed that low temperature wheat germplasm had many layers of small and closely - arranged diachyma cells , a large number of chloroplasts containing plentiful of granum lamella , and highly serried vascular bundles ; as it grew towards maturity , its structures such as diachyma cells , chloroplasts , and cells in the colored layers of seed ventral furrows aged slowly 結果表明，低溫小麥種質較高溫種質葉肉細胞小，排列緊密，葉肉細胞層數較多；葉綠體數量多，葉綠體基粒片層豐富；葉片維管束密集；隨著生育期向成熟趨近，葉肉細胞、葉綠體、籽粒腹溝區有色層細胞等結構衰老緩慢。

In this project , culms of lodging - sensitive and lodging - resistant varieties of wheat ( triticum aestivum l ) were compared at the morphological level to determine the anatomical features that are associated with these traits . this analysis revealed that lodging resistant culms are short , possess thicker mechanical tissue , and had larger vascular bundles 首先以不同品種的小麥為實驗材料，對其主要非葉器官?莖稈，從解剖結構、木質素含量、以及抗倒伏的力學特性等方面做了詳細的比較研究。

The histological descriptions of p . armandi franch in chinese herbal compendium ( zhong hua ben cao ) are different form our observations and the descriptions in chinese flora and sichuan flora in the aspects of the shape of the transverse section and the number of vascular bundles . by means of gc - ms , qualitative and quantitative analysis of the essential oils obtained from different species , different production areas and different extracting methods were carried out . the chemical components and their contents of the essential oils vary by the species , production area and extracting method 通過對不同品種(馬尾松、云南松、華山松) 、馬尾松不同產地(萬源、夾江、資中、瀘州、威遠、康定) 、不同提取方法(水蒸氣蒸餾法、超臨界提取法)的松葉揮發油成分的gc - ms分析比較，表明揮發油成分的組成和含量有差異，且品種、產地、提取工藝均對松葉的揮發油成分有影響。

Based on the reseaching of lycoris leaf micro - morphology characters by sem scanning , light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article , we try to provide the proofs of experiment and the efffective characer indexes to discuss the system and evolution of the lycoris . we find these microscope characers through reseach are as follows : the arrangement type , density and the length of stoma ; the shape and length of the epidermal cells ; the ridge of epidermis ; the transverse shape of leaf ; the number of the vascular bundle ; the style of vessel arrangement of vascular bundle in the middle vein ; the layers of palisade tissue ; the ratio of the thicken of palisade tissue to that of spongy tissue ; the angle number of the middle leaf ; the type of ventilating cavity etc . these characters are different from those of species in lycoris , meanwhile these characters are similar to those of some species in lycoris . so these characters can be used as the character indexes for differentiating species and reseaching systematic evolution of lycoris ; we can divide lycoris into two subgenus by these characteristic indexes : the species of one subgenus are l . aurea ( l “ her . ) herb , , chinensis traub , l . caldweuii traub , l . anhuiensis y . hsu et q . j . fan , l . longituba y . hsu et q . j . fan ; the species of another subgenu s are l . houdyshelii traub , l . albiflora koidz . , 研究結果表明：葉表皮的氣孔排列方式、長度、長寬比，脊的明顯與否，葉表皮上的顆粒紋飾的多少、大小，葉表皮細胞長度、長寬比、垂周壁形狀，上部葉柵欄組織細胞層數、葉的維管束數、葉中脈導管組成數目，氣腔類型，葉的脊部遠軸面的角數，葉緣的形狀等這些特征在種間存在差異，同時，在有些種之間又有相似性；因此，這些特征既可以作為區分種的證據，又是研究石蒜屬植物系統演化的性狀指標，根據這些性狀指標，可以將石蒜屬植物大致分為兩個亞屬：一是忽地笑、中國石蒜、短蕊石蒜、安徽石蒜、長筒石蒜，二是江蘇石蒜、乳白石蒜、石蒜、玫瑰石蒜、稻草石蒜；在兩個亞屬中其中有些種如忽地笑、長筒石蒜、中國石蒜的親緣關系則更近些。

And the viviparous plantlets of both species are formed for the differentiation of floral primodium , but the position if viviparous plantlets is different . for the species of polygonum viviparum l . , the viviparous plantlets are formed in the inflorences , while in saxifraga cernua l are in the leaf axils . on the results of observation for morphology and anatomy , vascular bundles of viviparous plantlet are connected with that of their parent 從來源和性質看，二者的胎生苗均由花原基直接分化形成；但從位置上看，珠芽蓼在花序中形成胎生苗，而珍珠虎耳草則在地上莖的葉腋部位形成胎生苗；從形態解剖角度觀察，胎生苗的維管束與母體的維管束直接相連，胎生苗脫落時，其上已長出葉片1 - 3枚。

Our results provided direct evidence that pf40 gene play a role in the tissue development , with knockout this gene the lateral buds were not visible . the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin appear to play a major role in controlling this process , therefore , the concertrition of auxin and cytokinin was measured , however , the concentration of the two hormone was variation a little in transgenic plants , but the ratio of the two was more than 5 fold in the pf40 gained function plant than that in wild type . furthermore the pf40 gene effected differentiation of the vascular bundles in different transgenic plants , results showed the pf40 could change both xylary fibers and vessel 進一步的實驗發現pf40基因會影響植物側芽發育的早期，即pf40基因作用在側芽形成與發育的早期。對轉基因谷子的組織切片的分析還表明pf40基因引起不同形式的轉基因谷子的維管組織的發育的差異，轉化正義載體谷子的木質部變多，維管系統增多，而反義或干擾的轉基因谷子的木質部數量變少，木質部分化異常。從轉基因的結果可見pf40基因可以減弱植物的頂端優勢，這種作用是通過改變植物體內激素的含量實現的。

The results indicated that ( 1 ) “ longxianhuosuan “ presented more regular and more densely - arranged epidermal cells in its scapes than “ gailiangsuan “ ; ( 2 ) “ longxianhuosuan “ showed a lower stomata number but a larger stomatal aperture in its scape surface than “ gailiangsuan “ ; its scapes had a great number of secretory cells , which had a larger size and appeared earlier ; its scapes presented a smaller number of vascular bundles with smaller diameters ( 3 ) “ longxianhuosuan “ had polygonal cells in its scape pith with their intercellular space occupying a small proportion while “ gailiangsuan “ showed elliptical cells in its scape pith with their intercellular space occupying a high proportion 結果表明： ( 1 ) “隴縣火蒜”比“改良蒜”蒜薹的表皮細胞形狀規則，排列致密；角質層較薄； ( 2 ) “隴縣火蒜”比“改良蒜”蒜薹表面的氣孔數量少，但開張度大；分泌細胞出現早、體積大、數量多；維管束數量少、直徑小； ( 3 ) “隴縣火蒜”蒜薹髓細胞衛多邊形，髓細胞間隙率小，而“改良蒜”蒜薹的髓細胞呈橢圓形，髓細胞間隙率大。

The bacteri of strain tl2 were found to be mainly distributed in the intercellular space of sclerenchyma in the root , the intercellular space of collenchyma and vascular bundle in the stem , the stomatal apparatus , the intercellular space of epidermal cell , collenchyma and endodermis in the leaf 其菌體主要分布在根部厚壁組織的細胞間隙，莖部厚角組織的細胞間隙、維管束等組織的細胞間隙、葉片的氣孔器附近、上下表皮細胞間隙、厚角組織細胞間隙以及內皮層組織細胞間隙等。

The stems and rhizomes were observed to differ in cortex - cell layer , perivascular fiber - ring presence , vascular cylinder and pith proportions , vascular bundle number and secondary growth and these differences were associated with their own physiological functions 地上莖和根狀莖之間在皮層細胞層數、周維纖維柱的有無、維管柱和髓所占比例、維管束束數、次生生長等方面存在差異，這些差異與它們各自擔負的生理功能相關聯。

The results were as follows . the tissue of plants in narcissus l . having air antrum and dental antrum or not , their distribution , the arrangement mode and number of vascular bundles among different materials were different 結果表明，葉片中氣腔、花梗中髓腔的存在與否以及分布情況、維管束的排列方式及其數目在不同材料間存在較大差異。

With the different development degree of the stem , the distributions of anthraquinone compounds showed different characteristics in the epidermis , cortex , vascular bundle and pith rays 結論蒽醌類化合物在莖中的分布是多位點的，隨著莖發育程度的不同，其表皮、皮層、維管束和位射線中蒽醌類化合物的分布表現出不同的特點。

For amorpha fruticosa linn . , there exists epidermal hair on the upper epidermis , some macro ventilating pit in the spongy tissue , many crystal cells in the phloem of the leaf and around vascular bundles 紫穗槐葉的上表皮有表皮毛，海綿組織局部有大型通氣孔，在葉的主脈韌皮部處和葉柄維管束內外都含有許多含晶細胞。

The leaf epidermis of the two species has slight curicular and a few of stomata . their root system and vascular bundle are slim and fragile so as to be vulnerable to damage produced by changing of environment conditions 兩物種表皮角質化程度低，氣孔少，根系與維管束不發達，極易受到外界環境的影響而發育不良。

It is clear that the inner tangential wall of the basal cell is tightly related with the outer tangential wall of 4 - 5transfer cells which have been considered a part of the extent of vascular bundle 基細胞內切向壁與4 ? 5個傳遞細胞外切向壁緊密相連。紫穗槐同時以聚鹽和泌鹽兩種方式抗鹽。

The hphr has more vascular bundles and a much bigger area of single vascular bundle , total vascular bundle , total phloem and total xylem in the first internode than shanyou 63 結果表明，重穗型組合的大維管束數目、單個維管束面積及維管束總面積、韌皮部總面積均明顯高于汕優63 。

There are 2 - 3 layers of long - column - shaped palisade tissue under the upper epidermis , and there are a great number of mechanical tissues which made up of vascular bundle sheath 上表皮下方有2 - 3層長柱形的柵欄組織，在主脈大側脈外方具有由大量機械組織組成的束帽或束鞘。