T - theropod 中文 - EN166

theropod n.【古生物學】獸腳亞目 (Theropoda) 動物〔...

thersitical
The feathers attached to the arms and the tail evidently possess the structures of “ modern feathers “ , which consisting of the central shafts ( rachis ) and parallel barbs . dromaeosaurids are unusual group of maniraptoran theropods . they share many similar or the same features with archaeopteryx or other primitive birds , such as : u - shaped furcula , uncinate process , laterally facing glenoid of shoulder girdle , comparatively long forelimb , large semilunate carple , retroverted pubis , ascending process of astragalus , and “ modern feathers “ with rachis and barbs etc . these facts indicate not only that dromaeosaurids had developed many bird - like characters in course of the advanced maniraptorans toward birds , but also that there seemed to be the co - evolutionary trend between the feathers and the skeletal bones 奔龍類是一類較為特殊的手盜龍類( maniraptora ) ，它具有許多與始祖鳥archaeopteryx甚至其它早期鳥類相似或接近的特征，主要表現在：叉骨u形與始祖鳥和孔子鳥類的相同，背肋鉤狀突在孔子鳥類和個別反鳥類中也存在，肩臼窩絕大部分指向側方類似于始祖鳥，肩胛骨與烏喙骨間的夾角非常接近90也和始祖鳥的相似，前肢從比例上講顯得較長，大的半月形腕骨使肘部能向側方折過來，恥骨伸向后下方，距骨上升突與原始鳥類中的為同源結構，羽毛已有顯著的分化且具備了現代羽毛的基本結構等等。
Recently , a series of the feathered dinosaurs have been found from the jehol biota of western liaoning , northeast china , which give extremely strong evidences of the theropod hypothesis of bird origin and of the cursorial hypothesis of the avian flight origin . but the origin and early evolution of feathers have still been unanswered . in late 2000 , a well - preserved specimen of dromaeosaurids was excavated from the early cretaceous jiufotang formation of shangheshou , suburb of chaoyang city , western liaoning 2000年，遼西朝陽市上河首早白堊世九佛堂組地層中，發現了一件保存完好的長有羽毛的奔龍類化石，這是繼北票四合屯、朝陽下三家子、凌源大王杖子之后長羽毛奔龍化石在遼西的又一次發現，為解決奔龍類的系統關系、羽毛的起源及早期演化提供了重要的實物資料。
The cladogram proposed in the present paper also suggests that the maniraptoran troodontidae and ovkaptoridae should have the branched feathers , and that feathers evolve and initially diversify in terrestrial theropod dinosaurs before the origin of birds and their flight Opterm 、尾羽鳥類（竊蛋龍類）的cah卻作沙、鐮刀龍類的一加0 ? ?一奔龍類的s初00掀…一及mlerraptor等。此外，發現于蒙古的athere罰a 。
Together these advances have produced a highly detailed and revolutionary picture : feathers originated and diversified in carnivorous , bipedal theropod dinosaurs before the origin of birds or the origin of flight 綜合這些證據，便能描繪出十分詳盡的革命性圖像：羽毛的起源與分化都發生于肉食性、兩足步行的獸足類恐龍身上，比鳥類的起源、甚至飛行的起源都還要早。
Dromaeosaruid theropods can be restricted in the unique family dromaeosauridae ; furthermore , this family may also be subdivided into two subfamilies dromaeosauridae and velociraptorinae 奔龍類自成一科，即奔龍科( dromaeosauridae ) ，它又可進一步分為奔龍亞科( dromaeosaurinae )與疾走龍亞科( velociraptorinae ) 。
Suggestions that they were the direct descendants of theropod dinosaurs ( a group of bipedal meat - eaters that include allosaurus , velociraptor and tyrannosaurus ) caused quite a flap 有人說它是獸腳恐龍的后代（獸腳恐龍是一群食肉的兩足恐龍，其中包括異龍、迅猛龍與暴龍），這引起了學界很大的注意。