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textual criticism

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textual criticism (古籍的)校勘。

(古籍的)校勘。 “textual“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 原文的，本文的；按照原文的，原原本本的；教科書 ...“criticism“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.批評，批判，評論；非難。 2.鑒定，審定，考證 ...“textual research, textual criticism“ 中文翻譯：   考證“emendation textual criticism“ 中文翻譯：   校勘學“emendation，textual criticism“ 中文翻譯：   校勘學“textual“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 原文的，本文的；按照原文的，原原本本的；教科書的。 -ism 嚴守原文〔尤指基督教圣經經文〕，校勘學。 n. -ist 墨守(或精通)原文的人〔尤指基督教圣經經文〕。 adv. -ly “criticism“ 中文翻譯：   n. 1.批評，批判，評論；非難。 2.鑒定，審定，考證，校勘；鑒定法。 3.【哲學】批判主義[哲學]。 4.評論文章；文藝批評理論。 the higher [lower, textual] criticism義理方面的[文字上的]校勘。 self-criticism自我批評。 be beyond [above] criticism 無可批評。 be beneath criticism 無批評價值。 open to criticism 待批評的。 “textual awareness“ 中文翻譯：   語篇意識“textual body“ 中文翻譯：   文本身體“textual character“ 中文翻譯：   電文字符; 文本符號, 正文符號“textual critic“ 中文翻譯：   校勘者“textual data“ 中文翻譯：   正文數據“textual description“ 中文翻譯：   文字說明“textual edit“ 中文翻譯：   句文編輯“textual editor“ 中文翻譯：   正文編輯程序“textual entity“ 中文翻譯：   本文實體“textual error“ 中文翻譯：   原文錯誤“textual expression“ 中文翻譯：   文本表述詞“textual fidelity“ 中文翻譯：   文本保真度“textual function“ 中文翻譯：   篇章功能; 語篇功能“textual indeterminacy“ 中文翻譯：   基于后結構主義關于文本的非確定性“textual information“ 中文翻譯：   電文信息“textual investigation“ 中文翻譯：   名實考證,來源考證,基源考證“textual location“ 中文翻譯：   原文位置“textual material“ 中文翻譯：   原文的文字材料

textuary

This paper makes further textual criticism and hermeneutics of dawu in its source materials and their application , the author , the music operation , its relationship with poetry , and the appearance of the dance , which hopefully , will benefit posterity in their correcting understanding of dawu and the primeval culture of music and dance 本文對《大武》樂的本事及應用、作者、用樂情況、與詩之關系、舞容等作了進一步的考釋，有助于后人準確地了解《大武》樂乃至上古樂舞文化。

He made remarkable achievements in various fields , such as what he did left behind a large amount of precious cultural wealth however , research on him in the past mostly was focused on his contribution in bibliography , seldom in documentation . in fact , documentation included a lot of branch of learning , such as , bibliography , edition , textual criticism , textual research etc . research on him at point of view of documentation , is helpful not only to appraise him objectively , but also to absorb and utilize the cultural wealth he left and to promote the development of documentation . because mr yu ' s achievemen s on documentation facused on bibliography , for this reason , this paper attempted to study his view in this field in the field of bibliography , mr yu inherited ancient person ' s study achievements and brought forth his new idea 其研究的范圍非常廣泛，在目錄學、考據學、校勘學、版本學等領域均取得了顯著成就，為后世留下了許多寶貴的精神財富。但以往學者對他的研究，多集中于他在目錄學方面所取得的成就，很少從文獻學的角度進行探討。其實，文獻學涉及目錄、版本、校勘、考據等諸多學科，從文獻學的角度考察余嘉錫的學術成就，不僅有助于對他進行客觀的評價，而且有助于充分吸收他給我們留下的精神財富，推動文獻學的學科建設。

“ general survey of forged ancient books “ came into being with the aspiration of time spirit , the development of academy itself as well as painstaking building - up . the first edition contained 1059 sections , but the second edition rose to 1104 sections . it was one of the richest and the most perfect research tools for textual criticism of ancient books 時代精神的感召，學術自身的發展，再加上個人的苦心經營， 《偽書通考》應運而生，其初版考辨偽書1059部，修訂版增到1104部，以考訂精詳、氣勢恢宏，成為目前所見包羅最豐富也是最完備的一部綜合性辨偽工具書，張心?也成為辨偽學領域的集大成者。

On the basis of the university students utilizing of network to do textual criticism , the thesis puts forward the development of network to appeal the creation in college morality work ; and puts forward the creation of college morality work ' s basic principles , key points and some relationships that will be dealt with in today ' s network time 本文在對大學生利用網絡進行調查分析的基礎上，提出網絡的發展呼喚高校德育工作創新，提出了創新網絡時代大學德育工作的基本原則、著力點和應處理好的幾個關系

And efforts have also been tried , at the viewpoint of the history of academic studies , to give accounts of and comments on the various specific subjects including philology , phonology , critical interpretation of ancient texts , bibliography , edition study , textual criticism , false detecting , compiling , note , nomenclature , institution , epigraphy , official rank , geomancy , taboo , astronomy , mathematics and temperament , etc . , from which to extract the academic consciousness , mothed and achievements of the scholars in qianlong ( ) and jiaqing ( ) period 本文也試圖對眾多的專門學科如文字、音韻、訓詁、目錄、版本、校勘、辨偽、輯伙、注釋、名物、典章、金石、職官、輿地、避諱、天文、歷算、樂律等學做出學術史的描述與評價，從中提煉出乾嘉學人的學術意識、方法以及人文成就。

A distinguish to four storeroom books abstract , shi shuo xin yu “ s notes and commentaries , are his representative works . he was good at using edition and textual criticism etc . knowledge to identify historical events and materials and steive to recover history true feature . because textual research “ s object is ancient books , ancient books had different style and easy to cause all kinds of questions which would effect correct understanding . so , in a work of ancient books stylistic rules and layout , he studied ancient books style from the view of true and false , name , compile , appendix , inside section and outside section of book 4 to use story to explain problem . what he said is quote copiously from many sources , and gave a minute description 余嘉錫在考據學方面亦有重大的成就， 《四庫提要辨證》 、 《世說新語箋疏》等書就是他在這方面的代表作。他擅長運用版本、校勘等知識對史乎、史料進行認真而細致的考據，力求還歷史以本來面目。岡為考據對象多為占書，而且古書體例不一，易出現各種問題，影響人們對書中內容的理解，為此，他寫成了《古書通例》一書，從宏觀的角度研究古書體例，對古侈的真偽、命名、編定、附益以至書分內外篇和諸子書中用故事說明觀點等問題，旁征博引，詳加解釋，對學術史貢獻極大，這是當肘許多學者所不及的。

The most popular about this book is that it was based on the names of the ancient books and aimed at the exposition of all the other experts . the another collected all the quintessence of textual criticism from the spring - autumn period to contemporary time , including the another ' s critical research for 71 ancient books . if you get such a book at hand you can roughly understand the sequence of ideas about textual criticism in china as well as development level on the ancient research on ancient books in all the dynasties 《偽書通考》編纂的最大特點，就是它以書名為綱，以各家辨偽之說為目，將從春秋直至近代的學者辨偽成果悉數列于書內，這其中也包括作者自己對71部古籍的考辨，使讀者一書在手，即能大致了解中國辨偽學史發展的脈絡，以及辨偽學在歷朝歷代的發展水平。

This part collects three zhangs1 poems , and articles . everyone ' s collection introduces the author ' s life story and handing down of their works , does compilation , collation , textual research and reference to three zhangs1 available materials now with traditional textual criticism and critical interpretation of ancient texts and then forms three relative independent smaller papers 第二部分是正文，將三張現存詩文分別結集，每人別集一律首先介紹作者生平事跡及作品流傳情況，再運用傳統的考據與訓詁方法對三張現存詩文進行輯佚、校勘、考訂與注釋，形成三個相對獨立的小論文。

Part one is preface , doing textual criticism about the name of three zhangs “ father and their birth place according to their works , summarizing the difference and similarity of the whole creative style of three zhangs as a literature clan and exploring three zhangs1 thoughts , artistic characteristic and creative style in the light of their works 論文由三部分組成：第一部分為前言，結合作品對三張的父名、籍貫做了考證，并總結出其作為一個文學家族整體創作風格的異同，從其作品考察其思想內容、藝術特色及創作風格。

In textual criticism , yan quotes and prove fully the material , intergrate with practice , its ranges involved are very extensive , geography , times , name surname , peculiar thing , laws and institutions , historical facts are evaded etc . , have reflected yan broad and profound knowledge and prudent attitude of pursueing scholarly work 在考證方面，顏師古廣征博引，聯系實際，其所涉及范圍非常廣泛，地理、年代、人名姓氏、名物、典制、史實避諱等，體現了顏師古淵博的學識及謹慎的治學態度。

In contemporary chronology of the ancient history , the feasible method should still be trying all possible conjunction and textual criticism upon the foundation of ancient documentary “ texts “ , striving to adjust the present chronological system to the standard acceptable to most scholars 摘要當下古史年代學研究可行的路徑，仍應是在古文獻“文本”的基礎上多方聯絡和考證，力求將已有的年代系統調整到能夠為大多數學者所接受的水平上。

To explain chinese and western to explain the similarities and differences between china and the west , the author has analyzed the comparison from time and space , and combine the classical textual criticism that both sides rely on to have a comparison of their meanings 為了說明中西闡釋模式的異同，作者列表分析了兩大學科歷時與共時的比對，并且結合雙方所倚重的經典考據與闡釋理論等獨具特色之處，比其義焉。

Qing scholars turned their attention to textual studies of the classics in the eighteenth century and established the qian - jia school of scholarship , making encouraging advances in the interpretation of words in confucian classics , textual criticism , philology , epigraphy and phonology 清代乾隆、嘉慶兩朝，考據之風盛行，訓詁、文字、金石、音韻等專門學科得到突破性發展，時稱“乾嘉學派“ 。

After textual criticism , the paper corrects some wrong records and supplements some population data , then reasons the total population of yunnan in the early , middle , late stage of qing dynasty , discussing some explanations of today ' s experts 通過考證有關史料，糾正了部分錯誤記錄，補充不完整的人口數據，從而推理出清代前、中、后期云南人口的總數，并對今人的某些詮釋提出商榷。

The author makes textual criticism of 1500 surnames originating in henan province and confirms that almost half of surnames in china originated in this area and 73 in 100 major surnames of han nationality can find their origins in henan 對起源于河南的1500個姓氏進行了考證、敘述，證實華夏祖根大半在河南，漢族100個大姓中73姓源于河南，河南為中華民族的搖籃是為史實。

The author selected “ wang zhen in power “ from mingshi jishi benmo , and obtained some discoveries and results through making a textual criticism of it in five categories : historicity , issue , resource of material , historical discussion , and proofreading 本文擇其中《王振用事》一卷，以本事、公案、史源、史論、校訂等五個范疇，試為校讀，不意有一些發現與收獲。

Professor chen chih ' s work is mainly composed of four parts : textual criticism of ran shu , economic history of chin and han dynasty and its relations with people , bamboo slips of chu - yen , and the eaves tiles and pottery inscription 摘要陳直教授的學術研究成果，主要集中于《漢書》研究、秦漢經濟史及相關人民史研究、居延漢簡研究、瓦當及陶文研究等四方面。

“ hanshu note “ made a remarkable achievement at the field of collating , xungu and textual criticism . yanshigu absorb the senior “ fruit extensively , chose , judged and concurrently makes own purpose 《漢書注》在訓詁、校勘及考證等方面取得了較大的成就，顏師古廣泛吸收前人成果，抉擇按斷，兼下已意，而對于無法下確定結論的，便多存異說，為之兼容并存。

Based on textual criticism , the author deems that individual interest not only is the base of the individual right , but also is the soul of the individual and the social efficiency 在文獻考證的基礎上，筆者認為單就自利而言，它不僅是個體權利的基礎，而且也是個體效率與社會效率的靈魂。