x

synapse

uploads/synapse.jpg

synapse n.【解剖學】突觸，(神經元的)觸處。

n. 【解剖學】突觸，(神經元的)觸處。 “architecture of synapse“ 中文翻譯：   突觸構筑“asymmetrical synapse“ 中文翻譯：   不對稱突觸; 不對稱型突觸“axoaxonic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   軸突間突觸，軸間突觸; 軸軸突觸,軸-樹突觸“axodendrite synapse“ 中文翻譯：   軸-樹突觸“axodendritic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   軸樹突觸“axosomatic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   軸體突觸“cartridge synapse“ 中文翻譯：   子彈式突觸“chemical synapse“ 中文翻譯：   化學突觸; 化學性突觸; 突觸“complex synapse“ 中文翻譯：   復合突觸“dendritic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   樹突突觸“dendrodendritic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   樹-樹突觸“dendrosomatic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   樹體突觸“directed synapse“ 中文翻譯：   定向突觸“efferent synapse“ 中文翻譯：   傳出性突觸“electric synapse“ 中文翻譯：   電突觸“electrical synapse“ 中文翻譯：   電突觸“electrotonic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   電張性突觸“epitheliodendritic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   上皮樹突突觸“excitatory synapse“ 中文翻譯：   興奮性突觸“giant synapse“ 中文翻譯：   巨突觸“glycinergic synapse“ 中文翻譯：   甘氨酸能突觸“inhibitory synapse“ 中文翻譯：   抑制突觸; 抑制性突觸“invaginated synapse“ 中文翻譯：   陷入型突觸“loop synapse“ 中文翻譯：   環狀突觸“synapse creature“ 中文翻譯：   共生生物; 首腦“synaphobranchoidei“ 中文翻譯：   合鰓鰻亞目

synapsis

General principles for activities of nervous ; synapse and synaptic transmission ; the basic process of classical synaptic transmission ; postsynaptic potential : excitatory postsynaptic potential and inhibitory postsynaptic potential ; the conception of transmitter and receptor : mostly transmitter and receptor system ; reflex and reflex arc ; the characters of central excitatory transmission , central inhibition ; the motor unit of skeleton muscle ; stretch reflex ; the function of autonomic nervous system and their chemistry transmission 神經元活動的一般規律；突觸與突觸傳遞；經典突觸傳遞的基本過程；突觸后電位：興奮性突觸后電位，抑制性突觸后電位；遞質和受體的概念：主要的遞質和受體系統；反射與反射弧;中樞興奮的傳播特征，中樞抑制；骨骼肌的運動單位；牽張反射；自主神經系統的功能及其化學傳遞。

A voltage - mode synapse circuits with simple structure , high speed and high precision was designed firstly . then , a bicmos technics based circuit called verdict - converting switch ( vcs ) was put forward as substantial components of mtncs . based on this , an approach was proposed for designing the circuits of multi - thresholded verdicting function ( mtvf ) at switch level 先提出了一種結構簡單，線性度好，并兼顧精度的突觸電路，然后提出一種基于bicmos工藝的判別轉換開關電路，在此基礎上，結合限幅電壓開關理論，提出從開關級設計多閾值神經元閾值判別函數電路的一般方法。

Axoplasmic transport of nerve fibers ; nutrition of nerve fibers ; the function of neuroglia cells ; eletrical synapse ; contact ways of central neurons ; local circuit neurons ; central facilitation ; body sensory afferent pathway , visceral sensation ; the regulation system of somatic motor , the central regulation of visceral sensation ; pain sensation ; the function of basal ganglia ; evoked cortical potential and electroencephalogram 神經纖維的軸漿運輸；神經纖維的營養；神經膠質細胞的功能；電突觸；中樞神經元的聯系方式；局部回路神經元；中樞易化；身體感覺傳入通路，內臟感覺；軀體運動的調節系統，內臟活動的中樞調節；痛覺；基底神經節的功能；皮層誘發電位和腦電圖。

In addition , some ntfs could induce the development of normal vision pathway , and even help the injured neuron to regenerate synapse . in this study , the genes coding for mature nts and gdnf were cloned through polymerase chain reaction . after sequencing , alignment showed the ntfs were highly conserved 研究表明，神經營養因子對癲癇造成的神經元損傷具有保護及再生作用，而對于視神經通路的發育和分化，以及受損視覺通路的修復也饒剛：大熊獨和朱賜神經營養因子基因家族的克隆、表達及活性鑒定起到關鍵作用。

Prozac and similar antidepressant drugs work by binding to serotonin transporters and preventing presynaptic neurons from soaking up the secreted serotonin too quickly , allowing it to linger a bit longer in the synapse and continue to transmit its soothing effect 百憂解及類似抗抑郁藥的作用，就是與血清張力素轉運子相接，防止突觸前神經元太快將釋出的血清張力素重新吸收回去，使得血清張力素在突觸間停留的時間更長一些，持續傳遞其安定人心的效用。

Experiments showed that when a cell ' s cytoskeleton was incapacitated by toxins , some proteins were no longer able to move toward the immune synapse , suggesting that movements of cytoskeletal filaments allow cells to control when and where the proteins accumulate at the synapse 實驗顯示，當細胞骨架受到毒素破壞而無法運動時，有些蛋白質就再也無法朝免疫突觸移動，這意謂著，細胞藉由細胞骨架纖維的運動，來控制蛋白質在突觸聚集的時機與位置。

Subject covers all major areas of cellular and molecular neurobiology including excitable cells and membranes , ion channels and receptors , synaptic transmission , cell type determination , axon guidance and targeting , neuronal cell biology , synapse formation and plasticity 本學科涵蓋了細胞分子神經生物學的所有主要領域，包括興奮細胞和細胞膜、離子通道和受體、突觸傳遞、細胞類型決定、軸突導向和定位、神經元細胞生物學、突觸形成和可塑性。

This paper analyzes the sensitivity to noise in bam bidirectional associative memory , and then proves the noise immunity of bam relates not only to the minimum absolute value of net inputs but also to the variance of weights associated with synapse connections 雙向聯想記憶網絡的進化準松弛算法eprbam雙向聯想記憶網絡bam因其結構簡單并且具有和人腦相似的聯想記憶功能而備受關注，并在模式識別領域得到了應用。

So traditiona1 neura1 regrowth is just l imited in nerve fiber , inc1uding axon reprojection and synapse regrowth . in fact , scientists a1ways thought that mature brain neurona1 ce11 s cou1d not regenerate when the brain fu1ly deve1oped through almost the whoie twenty centure 因此，傳統意義上的神經再生只限于神經纖維再生，即神經元軸突的再生長及突觸重塑，而神經細胞在腦發育成熟停止后不能重新再生。

Increasingly , however , evidence is suggesting that the synapse may also have other functions that , depending on the cells involved , could include initiating communication , or terminating it , or serving to modulate the volume , so to speak , of signals between two cells 不過，越來越多的證據暗示，突觸可能還有其他的功能，依細胞種類不同，這些功能包括啟動或結束溝通，以及調控兩個細胞間的訊號量。

Topics include : neural induction and pattern formation , cell lineage and fate determination , neuronal migration , axon guidance , synapse formation and stabilization , activity - dependent development and critical periods , development of behavior 主題包括：神經誘導和模式形成，細胞譜系和細胞命運之決定，神經元遷移，軸突引導，突觸的形成和穩定性，活動依賴性發育和其關鍵期，以及行為的發展。

Topics include : neural induction and pattern formation , cell lineage and fate determination , neuronal migration , axon guidance , synapse formation and stabilization , activity - dependent development and critical periods , development of behavior 主題包括：神經誘導和模式形成，細胞譜系和細胞命運確定，神經元遷移，軸突引導，突觸的形成和穩定性，依賴性活動的發育和危險期，行為的發育。

The answer could be “ nothing ” : the earliest conception of the immune synapse being a kind of gasket enabling immune cells to direct their secretion of cytokines to a target cell may be the sole purpose of the structure 答案可能是什麼都沒有：最早關于免疫突觸的概念是，它是個類似束帆索的東西，可以讓免疫細胞將分泌出來的細胞素導向目標細胞，而這也可能是免疫突觸唯一的目的。

The results indicate that nogo - a expressed in neuron may have function ( s ) in addition to the neurite growth inhibitory activity , and nogo - a may play a role in the course of neuronal differentiation such as neurite growth and synapse formation 以上結果提示nogo a在神經元中具有不同于抑制作用的其他功能，可能參與神經元突起生長、突觸形成等分化過程。

A large proportion of the lab ' s efforts have gone towards finding a technique to directly control the behavior of one side of the synapse ? the presynaptic one ? by replacing it with an artificial terminal under our control 本實驗室主要致力于研發新技術，藉由替換一個我們控制之下的人工電極來直接控制突觸單一側(突觸前)的行為。

But how could the glia in our experiment be detecting the neuronal firing , given that the axons made no synaptic connections with the glia and the axonal glia were nowhere near the synapse 不過軸突并沒有突觸與神經膠細胞接觸，而且軸突上的神經膠細胞又離突觸那麼遠，我們實驗中的神經膠細胞如何才能夠偵測神經元的活性呢？

When these molecular “ rafts ” are brought together in the synapse with the key receptor proteins that detect disease in an opposing cell , their interaction could be what activates the immune cell 當這些分子筏與可以偵測相鄰細胞生病的受體聚集在突觸時，分子筏與受體之間的互動，可能就是活化免疫細胞的原因。

Myeloid dendritic cells , which contribute to an immunologic synapse responsible for activation of the adaptive immune system , are abundant within muscle in inclusion body myositis and polymyositis 作用于免疫突觸反應、活化適應性免疫應答的髓樣樹突狀細胞在包涵體肌炎和多發性肌炎中大量存在。

Discovery of the immune synapse and its ongoing exploration has been made possible by new high - resolution microscopy techniques and computer enhancement of older imaging methods 新的高解析顯微技術以及經過電腦強化的舊顯影技術，促成了免疫突觸的發現以及持續進行的研究探索。