S - surficial 中文 - EN166

surficial adj.【地質學；地理學】地表的，地面的。

surfman
Through researching the rhythmic change regularity of ore texture and structure , mineral composition and content , rare element “ s change feature and the exploding temperature of mineral inclusion , combining the theory of magmatic ore - forming , the forming process of panzhihua vanadic titano - magnetite deposit could be divided into four periods : rock - forming period , main ore - forming period , hydrothermal period and surficial processing period 通過對礦石組構、礦物成分及含量、稀土元素變化特征、礦物包裹體爆裂溫度的韻律式變化規律的研究，結合巖漿成礦理論，將攀枝花釩鈦磁鐵礦礦床的形成過程劃分為四個期：成巖期、主成礦期、熱液期、表生期。
Large scale of surficial travertine landscapes developed in jiuzhaigou - huanglong area , such as basin , pond , waterfall , shoal , cave , hole , funnel , lake , karstic spring and so on , distributing from the riverbed to hillside . this paper described the characteristics and distribution of the travertine , divided the types , discussed the the contributing factor , forecasted the trend and analyzed the measure of reasonable exploitation and protection 九寨溝黃龍地區發育大規模地表鈣華堆積景觀，池、瀑、灘、洞、湖、泉類型眾多，自谷底至坡麓離散分布。本文對該區鈣華進行了分布與特征描述、類型劃分、成因探討、趨勢預測，以及合理開發與科學保護對策的分析。
The experiment result discovered the grafting effect of crylic acid and acrylamide were obvious which can be proved by the sem photoes . by the ft - ir testing of the grafted uhmwpe fabric , we discovered that some new polar groups were introduced to the surface . then by the dynamic wetting experiment of the grafted uhmwpe fabric , we concluded that the wetting time was a parabola relation with the graft ratio and the wetting time of the grafted uhmwpe fabric was less than that of untreated fabric . the results showed that after the coradiation grafting , uhmwpe fiber ' s surficial nonreactivity could be improved effectively 通過對接枝uhmwpe織物的紅外光譜分析，發現其表面引入了許多新的極性基團。最后運用了纖維動態浸潤性分析了接枝后的效果，得到所測浸潤穩定時間與接枝率成拋物線關系，而且接枝樣品的浸潤穩定時間都比未處理樣品的浸潤穩定時間小些，這說明了共輻照接枝的方法可以有效地改善uhmwpe纖維表面惰性，達到uhmwpe纖維表面改性的目的。
To improve the level of engineering harness , the author redefines the evaluation of rock slope crushing level ( rock mass quality ) , and divides the evaluation into two parts . one is the designation of surficial rock mass quality evaluation , which provides references for surficial harness of rock slopes . the other is the designation of integral stability rock mass quality evaluation , which provides references for the integral stability reinforcement 立足于工程治理，作者將巖質邊坡的破碎程度(巖體質量)評價分為兩部分，一是為巖質邊坡表面防護治理提供依據的“巖質邊坡表面巖體質量評價指標” ，簡稱為“表面rqd指標” ；二是為巖質邊坡整體穩定性工程加固處治提供依據的“巖質邊坡整體穩定性巖體質量評價指標” ，簡稱為“整體rqd指標” 。
The surficial modification based on the free radical and the polar which was initiated by radiation . and we proceed to study the preradiation and coradiation grafting and surfacial grafting on the uhmwpe fiber under the electron beam . the grafting monomer were aa , am , st , mma . then we applied grafting ratios sem , ft - ir , dynamic wetting to represent the result of grafting 本文分別采取預輻照和共輻照接枝方法進行了纖維輻照接枝丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯的研究，并運用測算接枝率、 sem 、紅外光譜以及纖維浸潤性測試等方法對接枝效果進行了表征，并據此分析了影響表面接枝效果的主要因素。
However , low - dimension nano - structured materials have higher surface energy and easily aggregate , on the other hand they exist many defects resulted from synthetic methods which now is not developed well . therefore their applications are limited by these factors mentioned above . in the thesis , the study of surficial decoration for low - dimension nano - structured materials indicates that their dispersed property and surficial properties is improved distinctly at the same time 但是，一方面低維納米材料由于表面活性較高，極易發生團聚；另一方面由于有些低維納米材料在制備手段上還存在著不足，導致合成制備出的低維納米材料存在許多缺陷，這些都不可避免地影響到低維納米材料的某些性能，從而限制了低維納米材料在實際中的應用范圍。
In the paper , the surficial decoration for a - sic nanoparticles is also studied firstly , the experimental results indicate that pre - treatments are key to their surficial decoration . by the pre - treatments metallic nickel nanoparticles deposit on the surface of a - sic nanoparticles , and the process of this surficial decoration for a - sic nanoparticles also supply a new process approach for other non - metal nanoparticles 實驗結果表明， - sic納米粒子的前處理是其表面修飾的關鍵影響因素，通過前處理金屬鎳沉積在了- sic納米粒子的表面哈爾濱工程大學碩士學位論文上，這也為其它非金屬納米粒子的表面修飾提供了新的工藝途徑。
The geochemical examination of the sandstones and mudstones from the xikang group has led us to conclude that the debris are derived mostly from the surficial rocks and their overlying deposits on the xikang - yunnan ancient land , and tectonic settings display the transition from the passive continental margin to active continental margin and finally to archipelago 通過對西康群砂、泥巖地球化學組成特征研究，認為其物源來自康滇古陸表殼巖及其上覆的蓋層沉積，大地構造屬性為被動大陸邊緣到活動大陸邊緣再到多島弧的轉化。
In the paper , the influence of synthetic parameters on particle size , dispersion , the thickness of decorated layer and anti - oxidation of a - fe nanoparticles . and the process conditions of the synthesis and surficial decoration of a - fe nanoparticles are determined 文中研究了合成反應參數對- fe納米粒子的粒度、分散性、表面包覆層的厚度以及抗氧化性的影響，確定了合成與表面修飾- fe納米粒子的工藝條件。
The establishment of srqd system inaugurates one path to surficial rock mass quality evaluation , and the establishment of irqd system is of significant value in reducing prophase engineering cost and in ensuring engineering safety . etc 表面rqd指標體系的建立，為巖質邊坡表面破碎程度評價指出了一條未來的研究道路。整體rqd指標體系的完善對減少工程前期費用、保證工程安全等，均具有非常重要的工程意義。
( 4 ) we defined ssee factor ( surficial soil element enrichment factor ) and wpem factor ( weathering profile element mobility factor ) , and applied them to evaluate the degree of effects of black shales weathering on soil , water bodies and their sediments composition ( 4 )提出了表土層元素富集因子和風化剖面元素遷出因子，用于估算巖石風化對水體及其沉積物、土壤的化學組成影響的程度。
In this paper , purification process of carbon nanotubes and pre - treatments of surficial decoration for them are studied carefully , and the experimental conditions of surf icial decoration for carbon nanotubes on a large scale are optimized 文中對碳納米管的純化以及表面修飾的前處理過程進行了深入的研究，優化了批量表面修飾碳納米管的實驗條件。
In addition , the mechanism of surficial decoration for those low - dimension nano - structured materials is studied simply 另外，本文還對這些低維納米材料的表面修飾的機理進行了初步地研究。
As for surficial decoration for carbon nanotubes also used chemical method , that is , electroless plating 對碳納米管的表面修飾也是采用化學方法，即化學鍍的方法。
Surficial weathering is becoming the focus of earth and environment science research recently 近年來，地表風化作用逐漸成為地球科學和環境科學研究的焦點。
Phosphorus release and absorption of surficial sediments in taihu lake under simulative 模擬擾動條件下太湖表層沉積物磷行為的研究
In many porphyry copper deposits, additional enrichment of the metal has been caused by surficial weathering . 在許多斑巖銅礦礦床中，地表風化使得金屬銅進一步富集。
The earthquake may trigger landslides or similar local surficial movements . 地震會引起滑坡或類似的局部地表運動。