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superfamily

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superfamily n.(pl. -lies) 【生物學】總科。

n. (pl. -lies) 【生物學】總科。 “ig superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   免疫球蛋白超基因家族“immunoglobulin superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   免疫球蛋白超家族,免疫球蛋白大家族“integrin superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   整聯蛋白超家族“scr-superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   短共有重復序列超基因家族“serpin superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑超家族“superfamily scolecophidia“ 中文翻譯：   蠕蛇超科“atp-binding cassette superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   abc超家族“hematopoietin receptor superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   血細胞生成素受體超家族“hemopoietin receptor superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   血細胞生成素受體超家族“ig gene superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   免疫球蛋白基因超家族“immunoglobulin gene superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   免疫球蛋白超基因家族; 免疫球蛋白基因超家系,免疫球蛋白超基因族“integral receptor superfamily molecules“ 中文翻譯：   整合素受體超家族分子“ion channel protein superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   離子通道蛋白質的超家族“ioncchannel embam protein superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   離子通道蛋白質的超家族“kinesin superfamily proteins“ 中文翻譯：   驅動蛋白超家族蛋白質“proto-oncogene superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   原癌基因超家族“selectin gene superfamily“ 中文翻譯：   選擇素基因超家族“superfacies“ 中文翻譯：   超相; 大巖相“superfatted“ 中文翻譯：   adj. (肥皂)含脂過多的。 “superfacialcaulking“ 中文翻譯：   表面捻縫“superfatted soap“ 中文翻譯：   多脂皂; 過脂皂“superfacial velocity“ 中文翻譯：   表觀速度“superfatting“ 中文翻譯：   多脂的；過肥的“superfacial nephron“ 中文翻譯：   淺表腎單位,皮質腎單位“superfecundation“ 中文翻譯：   n. 【生物學】同期復孕。 “superfacial caulking“ 中文翻譯：   表面捻縫

superfatted

Udp - glucuronosyltransferases ( ugts ) are glycoproteins localized in the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyze the conjugation of a broad variety of endogenous and exogenous lipophilic aglycon substrates ( such as bilirubin , steroid hormone and drugs , insecticide , etc ) with glucuronic acid using udp - glucuronic acid ( udpga ) as the sugar donor . ugts are a gene superfamily of phase ii drug - metabolizing enzymes , they are responsible for the glucuronidation of a significant number of different functional groups ( e . g Ugts能催化各種各樣外源和內源的親脂性糖苷配基底物與葡醛酸的結合，該反應是機體清除外源性(如藥物和殺蟲劑)和內源性(如膽紅素和甾體激素)親脂性化合物的一個主要方式，也是藥物相代謝的重要方式。

It is interesting that pma plus calcium ionophore a23187 can inhibit pma - induced pta1 expression , and this effect ca n ' t be reversed by calcmeurin inhibiter fk506 . pta1 mabs can inhibit ctl activation and differentiation in mixed lymphocyte culture system when added at the beginning of the culture but can induce platelet activation and aggregation in the fc dependent manner . in 1997 , pta1 cdna was cloned from cdna library of tpa activated jurkat cells , which belongs to immunoglobulin superfamily ( igsf ) with two v - like domains of extracelluar region of pta1 Il - 2 、 tnf - 、 pma可以使t細胞pta1表達上調， tgf -可以下調pta1的表達，而pma加上鈣離子載體a23187可以顯著抑制pma的上調作用，且這種抑制作用不被calcineurin抑制劑fk506所逆轉， 1997年burns教授從pma活化的jurkat細胞cdna文庫中克隆了pta1cdna全長，證實pta1是一個新分子，屬于免疫球蛋白超家族，胞膜外區有兩個v樣結構域。

Human bone morphogenetic protein 3 is a member of tgf - b superfamily . lt can induce the differentiation of cartilage and bone tissue in mesenchymal cell . and is important to bone self - repairment and bone development during embryo morphogenesis . in addition , some other biological activities of hbmp - 3 have also been found . such as inducing development of embryo and stimulating differentiation of neural and blood cells . therefore , there is a great prospect in the use of hbmp - 3 . there is trace content of hbmp - 3 in human body . it has been expressed in the expression system of eukaryotes and prokaryotes respectively , but its application is restricted because of defects in the process and modification after translation in prokaryotic cells and higher costs and lower yields existed in eukaryotic expression system 人骨形成蛋白3 ( hbmp - 3 )屬于tgf -超家族的一員，可以誘導間充質細胞分化為軟骨和骨，在胚胎時期骨骼發育和骨再生修復中起著重要的作用，而且對胚胎發育過程中中胚層的誘導和分化、造血組織的發育以及神經系統的發育和修復等都起著重要作用，因而hbmp - 3有廣闊的市場前景。它在人體內含量極微，盡管研究人員已經在原核細胞和真核細胞表達系統中分別進行了表達，但是由于原核表達系統缺乏翻譯后的加工修飾，真核表達系統存在成本高、產量低等特點，限制了其在臨床上的應用。

The protein encoded by orf1 show strong homology with cation efflux family protein from geobacter sulfurreducens pca [ identities = 65 / 272 ( 23 % ) ] , and contains mmt1 - like putative conserved domains kog1485 , mmt1 contains conserved domains kog1485 is mitochondrial fe2 + transporter ( cation diffusion facilitator superfamily ) . so it can be considered that the protein encoded by o rf1 is fe2 + transporter involved in magnetosome biosynthesis in magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense msr - 1 經同源比較和保守性結構域分析，推測orf1編碼的蛋白具有fe ~ ( 2 + )轉運功能，在磁小體合成過程中將細胞質中fe ~ ( 2 + )轉運到磁小體囊泡中，合成磁小體的同時去除fe ~ ( 2 + )對細胞的毒害作用。

Conclusion : in this paper , we show huccr5 n - terminal gene fragment was cloned successfully and its specific antibody was prpared . by these we not only introduced a simple and quick method to get a specific antibody f ( ab ' ) 2of certain functional domain but also a good idea and technique to study other high similar superfamily members 中有效表達ccrsn端膜外第一謬基因片段，并制備出抗hllccrsn端的特異性抗體f （ ah ’ ） 。 。本方法為一簡捷快速的特定功能結構域抗體廠（ ah ’ ） 。

In this paper , phylogenetic relationship of 13 species involved in 6 genera of cruciferae wer e carried out through both the clones of homologous sequences with the primers designed on the basis of conserved regions of cyp86mf gene in cytochrome p450 gene superfamily and the differential analyses of them . meanwhile , complete sequences of some genes in cytochrome p450 gene superfamily were isolated and identified by smart pcr - race strategy , and expressed in e . colt . the results were as follows : ( 1 ) isolated by pcr from 11 species of cruciferae , eleven homologous gene segments that deduced amino acids were identities of over 80 % at nucleotide sequence level and similarities of over 70 % at amino acid sequence level 本論文以已知的細胞色素p450基因超家族成員cyp86mf基因的保守區設計引物對十字花科重要蔬菜作物的6個屬13個物種進行了同源序列的分離克隆，通過核酸序列的差異比較分析，研究了該基因在不同物種中的進化關系；同時，通過保守引物的pcr擴增和race相結合的方法對十字花科植物不同物種的細胞色素p450基因家族成員基因全長進行了分離克隆、鑒定和原核表達的研究，獲得如下研究結果： ( 1 )通過pcr從十字花科植物不同物種中擴增到11個可以推導出完整氨基酸序列的同源片段。

To date , in human beings , the fibroblast growth factor ( fgf ) superfamily consists of 22 members . fgfs can induce proliferation of various types of cells , including fibroblast , endothelial cells , chondrocytes , smooth muscle cells , melanocytes as well as other cells . they can also promote adipocyte differentiation , induce macrophage and fibroblast il - 6 production , stimulate astrocyte migration , and prolong neuronal survival 成纖維細胞生長因子不但能夠促進包括成纖維細胞、內皮細胞、軟骨細胞、平滑肌細胞、黑色素細胞等多種細胞的增殖，而且還能夠促進脂肪細胞的分化，引發巨噬細胞和成纖維細胞產生白細胞介素6 ( il - 6 ) ，刺激星形細胞的遷移，延長神經元的壽命。

Rapl belongs to ras superfamily of small gtp - binding proteins , which is considered to control cell growth , differentiation and survival . rapl was regarded as an antagonist of ras because it can revert the phenotype of oncogene ras transformed cells . recent researches show that rapl has its ras - independent functions in a variety of cellular systems besides its effect as an antagonist of ras Rap1除具有逆轉原癌基因ras激活突變體所導致的細胞形態改變而被認為是ras的拮抗物外，最近的研究還發現rap1在一系列的細胞系統中有獨立于ras之外的功能，如控制與細胞粘附有關的事件等，因而成為研究的熱點。

As a member of this superfamily , human acidic fibroblast growth factor ( afgf or fgf1 ) , expressed by a variety of cells from all three germ layers , shows great potential for clinical applications for therapy of a variety of diseases , such as parkinson ' s disease , spinal cord contusion injury , neural regeneration in reimplantation of broken - off finger , brain ischemia , renal ischemia , myocardial infarction , occlusive vascularitis , retinal ischemia , gastric ulcer and nonhealing wound and so on 人類酸性成纖維細胞生長因子( afgf ， fgf - 1 )是成纖維細胞生長因子超家族成員。來自于三個胚層的多種細胞都可以表達afgf 。 afgf在治療帕金森綜合癥、急性脊柱扭曲性損傷、斷指中神經功能重建、腦缺血、腎缺血、心肌梗塞、閉塞性脈管炎、視網膜缺血、胃潰瘍及難愈合性傷口等多種臨床應用方面具有巨大潛力。

A number of peptides important in normal bone formation , such as members of the transforming growth factor - beta superfamily , are not satisfactory for this purpose either because their beneficial effects are predominantly local or there is systemic toxicity associated with their administration 在正常的骨頭構成重要的許多肽，例如轉變的生長因素貝它總科的成員，不圓滿為與他們的管理因為他們的受益的作用是突出本地的或有全身的，所以毒力聯系了的這個目的。

Human trail is a new member of tnf superfamily , which can specially induce cancer cell to apoptosis , but has none effect on normal cell . it is a new potential anti - cancer drug . the soluble functional part of trail gene was modified based on the partial principle code found in pichia pastoris 人的trail基因是新發現的腫瘤壞死因子tnf超家族的成員，它具有專一的誘導癌細胞調亡的作用，而對正常細胞沒有任何殺傷作用，是一種很有潛力的抗癌藥物。

Follistatin , a kind of secreted protein , is known to antagonise the function of several members of the tgf - beta ( transforming growth factor - beta ) superfamily including myostatin , the most powerful inhibitor of muscle growth characterised to date 卵泡抑素( follistatin )是一種分泌蛋白，它可以拮抗tgf - beta ( transforminggrowthfactor ，轉化生長因子)超家族中幾種成員的功能，包括myostatin 。

Seven - span transmembrane ( 7 - tm ) molecules constitute superfamilies of cell - surface proteins . they are receptors for small molecules . peptides , hormones and ions . they also act as ligands for mediating a variety of external signals to the cytoplasm 它們主要作為一些小分子物質如肽類，激素，細胞因子和多種離子的受體，主要功能是介導細胞外信號傳遞和調節細胞的生物學功能。

Estrogen receptor ( er ) , an important transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily , plays a key role in reproductive , cardiovascular and central nervous systems and bone tissue 摘要雌激素受體屬于核受體超家族成員，是一類重要的核轉錄因子，它在生殖系統、骨組織、心血管和中樞神經系統中發揮著重要的生理作用，是治療骨質疏松和乳腺癌的重要藥物作用靶標。

Angiogenin belongs to a protein superfamily of rnase . it is the only member being able to stimulate angiogenesis . on the other hand , angiogenin is also the only angiogenic factor known to exhibit ribonucleolytic activity 血管生成素是核糖核酸酶超家族中唯一一個具有促血管生成能力的成員，也是目前已知的所有血管生成因子中獨具核糖核酸酶活性的因子。

Peroxisome proliferator - activated receptors ( ppars ) are a family of nuclear hormone receptors . ppar superfamily consists of three members : a , 5 and y 過氧化物酶體增殖因子活化受體( peroxisomeproliferator - activatedreceptors ， ppars )是配體依賴的轉錄因子的核受體超家族成員，由ppar 、 ppar和ppar三個成員組成。

Nerve growth factor is a member of the superfamily of neutrophic factors that control the development and survival of certain neuronal populations both in the peripheral and in the central nervous system Trka是分子量為140kda的酪氨酸蛋白激酶型受體，其分子可以分為三個部分，即膜外域，跨膜域和膜內域。

Angiogenin ( ang ) is a small monomer which universally exists in tissues and cells . angiogenin belonging to ribonuclease superfamily has 35 % homologous sequences with ribonuclease a ( rnase a ) 血管生長因子( angiogenin ， ang )是一個小的單聚蛋白，與rnasea是同系物，在組織和細胞中分布廣泛。

Centrin is a member of the calcium - binding ef - hand protein superfamily present in centrosomes of widely divergent species 中心蛋白是一廣泛存在于多種生物體內的蛋白，它屬于結合鈣離子的ef - hand超家族成員。