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subrogate

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subrogate vt.1.(人員)取代，接替。2.【法律】取代〔代債務人...

vt. 1.(人員)取代，接替。 2.【法律】取代〔代債務人清償債務而接替原債權人地位享受其一切權利〕。 “subrogated right“ 中文翻譯：   代位求償; 代位權“subroc-3d“ 中文翻譯：   舒博克潛艦“subrogating director of the office“ 中文翻譯：   辦事處代主任“subroc“ 中文翻譯：   薩布羅克“subrogating manager of the subcompany“ 中文翻譯：   分公司代(副）經理; 分公司代經理“subrizio“ 中文翻譯：   蘇布里齊奧“subrogating secretary“ 中文翻譯：   代部長“subrizi“ 中文翻譯：   蘇布里齊“subrogation“ 中文翻譯：   n. 【法律】代替；取代；接替。 “subring“ 中文翻譯：   輔助環; 數子環; 子環

subrogation

We hereby acknowledge receipt of usd16 , 533 . 44 in full and final settlement of our claim for partial / total loss / damage and by virtue of such payment you become subrogated to all our rights and remedies in and in respect of the subject matter insured in accordance with the laws governing the contract of insurance 在此我們確認聲明已無誤收到貨損賠償金usd16 , 533 . 44 ,特此對于此款項你方可以接替承繼我方所有理賠權益,根據合約投保條款及相關法律條文對貨損事件予以執行

Enlightened by the ideas of “ action indirecte “ and “ rights of subrogating action “ in legislation abroad , the author interrogates the idea that subrogating rights is substantive rights , suggesting that subrogating rights be defined as rights of procedural sense in substantive laws , and analyses the noncausal management feature of subrogating action with reference to the civil juristic principles of noncausal management 受域外立法例中“間接訴權” 、 “代位訴權”等提法的啟示，對“代位權為實體權利”的觀點提出了商榷意見，認為應當將代位權界定為“實體法中程序意義上的權利” ；借鑒無因管理的民法學原理，分析了代位訴訟的“無因管理”屬性。

On the basis of examining the historical evolution of subrogating action , as well as subrogating rights , and standing on china ' s practices , the author forms his own viewpoints regarding to subrogating rights and subrogating action , and makes suggestions on revising respective regulation in china ' s contract code and the judiciary intepretations 為此，筆者在考察代位權及代位訴訟歷史演進軌跡和比較分析域外學說、立法例的基礎上，立足中國實際，就代位權、代位訴訟問題提出了自己的觀點，對我國《合同法》及其司法解釋的相關規定提出了修改建議。

Where the insurer pays for a total loss , either of the whole , or in the case of goods of any apportionable part , of the subject - matter insured , he thereupon becomes entitled to take over the interest of the assured in whatever may remain of the subject - matter so paid for , and he is thereby subrogated to all the fights and remedies of the assured in and in respect of that subject - matter as from the time of the casualty 保險人賠付保險標的全損之后，不論賠付的是整體全損，還是貨物的可分割部分的全損，均有權接管被保險人在該已賠付保險標的上可能留下的任何利益，并從造成保險標的損失的事故發生之時起，取得被保險人在該保險標的上的一切權利和救濟。

First , the author discusses in details the conditions to win in the subrogating action , that is the foundation of subrogating rights , in four aspects from the viewpoint of should - be , and makes suggestions to revise article 11 and article 13 of the interpretation of contract code on the basis of evaluation and analysis on them , then , the author discusses the problems regarding to jurisdiction , holding that the jurisdiction stipulated in article 14 of the interpretation of contract code is a general regional jurisdiction in nature , the debtor and the secondary debtor cannot conclude agreements on jurisdiction and the arbitrational clause between them cannot prevent the creditor from putting forward a subrogating action 首先，從應然角度對代位訴訟勝訴的條件之一? ?代位權的成就從四個方面作了詳細論述，并對《合同法解釋》第11條、第13條作了評析，提出了修改建議。其次，討論了與管轄有關的問題。認為《合同法解釋》第14條規定的代位訴訟管轄性質是一般地域管轄；債權人和次債務人之間不能約定管轄；債務人和次債務人之間的仲裁條款不能阻卻債權人提起代位訴訟。

On the procedure hand , i hold : the creditor brings a suit as plaintiff because he has the benefit of the suit ; the first debtor does not have to take part in the suit , if he does , the identity is determined subject to the concrete situation ; if the debtor brings a subrogation suit , the first debtor can not bring the suit based on the same debt ; the debt that the creditor subrogates should be a whole one ; the jurisdiction of subrogation is normal district jurisdiction , etc . following that , i bring out my own imagine about the foundation of subrogation rights of debtor system 在程序法方面，筆者認為：債權人基于訴的利益而作為原告提起代位權訴訟，主債務人無必要必須參加訴訟，如參加，也應根據案件的具體情況及當事人的不同權利主張，確定其訴訟地位；債權人提起代位權訴訟后，主債務人就該代位權行使范圍內所享有的訴權自行消滅；債權人可代位行使的債權應以完整債權為限；代位權訴訟標的只限于債權人以自己名義對次債務人主張之權利；代位權訴訟之管轄實質上是一種一般地域管轄。

Then , the author explains the dual features of the creditor ' s status as the plaintiff and the secondary debtor ' s status as the defendant , and makes much effort to expound the debtor ' s position in the litigation , the author holds that the main debtor ' s position in the litigation varies according to his standpoints : if he has objection to the subrogating rights , his position is common defendart , whereas he is a third person without independent pleading right , if othenvise 其次，對債權人原告地位的雙重屬性和次債務人的被告地位作了論述，花了大量筆墨對債務人的訴訟地位進行探討。主張債務人的訴訟地位因債務人的立場不同而異：如果債務人對代位權有異議，其訴訟地位為共同被告：如果債務人對代位權沒有異議，其訴訟地位為權利義務型的無獨立請求權的第三人。

Here is the main focus : while suing for the rights of subrogation in court a party just needs to present a general proof to identify the existence of debts instead of lawful rights of debts confirmed in courts or judged / arbitrated by an arbitration organization : the rights of debts can be used as the rights of objects but not just owning the contents of satisfying the debts ; in cases while time is n ' t up for the creditor to own the property of the debtor or time has been up for the debtor to have the ownership of the second debtor ' s rights of debts , the creditor should be allowed to subrogate his rights but the results should be on the debtor ; as to the definition of “ indolence “ , the author thinks it ' s inadequate to draw the conclusion j 主要觀點有:當事人向法院提起代位權訴訟時只需向法院提供一般的證據證明債權的存在，不應僅限于經法院或仲裁機構審理或仲裁確認的合法債權;可以作為代位權行使客體的權利不應只限制為具有金錢給付內容的債權:在債權人對債務人的債權尚未到期，債務人對次債務人的債權的時效即將屆滿時，應當允許債權人行使代位權，但行使的結果歸于債務人;在把握“怠于”行使的標準上，作者主張僅根據債務人未行使權利的事實即得出其怠于行使的結論依據是不充分的，還必須考察債務人主觀上是否消極到本認定為懈怠的程度。

Any claimant under this insurance policy shall at the request and at the expense of the insurance company do and concur in doing and permit to be done all such acts and things as may be necessary or reasonably required by the insurance company for the purpose of enforcing any rights and remedies or of obtaining relief or indemnity from other parties to which the insurance company shall or would be entitled or subrogated to upon its paying for or making good any destruction or damage under the respective section , whether such acts and things shall be or become necessary or required before or after his indemnification by the insurance company 應保險公司的要求并由保險公司支付費用，本保險單項下的任何索賠人應完成、同意完成并允許完成為了實施任何權利或救濟或者為了從其他第三方獲得免責或賠償（保險公司按各節規定，因就任何滅失或損害予以支付或者修復而應享有或有權享有該等免責或賠償或取得該等免責或賠償的代位求償權）而可能必要的或者為保險公司合理要求的一切行為或事務，無論該等行為或事務在保險公司對其予以償付之前或之后屬必要或成為必要或者是必須的。

In the first section , the author discusses the necessity and effects of the insurance interest on the assured ' s right to claim . in this section , the relationship among the subrogated amount , the number of subrogation rights and the insurance interest are described . different opinions concerning the insurance interest are introduced and evaluated 第一節中，論述保險利益對被保險人直接求償權的效力和影響，具體分析保險代位權的數量(金額) 、權數(通常體現為權利主體的數量)與保險利益的關系，對保險利益的諸種觀點進行評述。

My thesis is divided into five segments : the first segment : in this part i mostly use the value analysis , in order to demonstrate the value of setting up the creditors subrogation system and why this system can not be subrogated by the forced implementation system 全文主要分為以下五大部分:第一章主要運用價值分析的方法駁斥了用對第三人的強制執行制度來取代債權人代位權制度的觀點,認為我國債權人代位權具有不能被取代的價值,并分析了其不能被取代的原因。

The third segment : in this part i mostly the demonstration analysis to demonstrate the object extension of the creditors subrogation system . i analyze almost all the rights related to the debtor ’ s estate , and demonstrate the reasons why them can or cannot be subrogated 第三章主要運用實證分析的方法對與債務人有關的債權、物權以及其他財產權利一一進行了梳理,對其能或不能被債權人代位的原因進行了闡述,重構我國債權人代位權的客體范圍。

The insurer may make compensation in advance according to the provisions of the contract if the insured claims against him , in such case , however , the insured shall subrogate to the insurer the right of recovery against the third party and assist the latter in pursuing such recovery 如果投保方向保險方提出賠償要求時，保險方可以按照保險合同規定，先予賠償，但投保方必須將向第三者追償的權利轉讓給保險方，并協助保險方向第三者追償。

Part iv is about the subject - matter of subrogating action . first , the author makes a brief introduction of the theory of subject - matter , evaluates and analyses the ideas of “ one subject - matter , two basic legal relations , “ “ two subject - matters “ and “ one subject - matter “ 首先，對訴訟標的理論作了簡述，分別對“一個訴訟標的，兩個基礎法律關系觀” 、 “兩上訴訟標的觀” 、 “一個訴訟標的觀”作了介紹和評析。

First , the author generally introduces the theory of the parties “ qualifications , describes the expansion of qualified parties from persons having direct interests to those having indirect interests , outlines the differences between subrogating action and other litigant undertakings 首先，概述了當事人適格理論，描述了適格當事人從直接利害關系人擴展到非直接利害關系人，勾勒了代位訴訟和其它訴訟擔當的區別。

Then , through examining the historical evolution of subrogating rights and subrogating action , the author expounds the ranges and conditions to apply subrogating rights and the rules of the change of its functions 其次，考察了代位權、代位訴訟制度的歷史演進軌跡，揭示了代位權適用范圍、適用條件和功能的發展變化規律。

Article 42 where a partner has personal debts , his creditors may not subrogate his creditor ' s rights against such partner for the rights which the partner may exercise in the partnership 第四十二條合伙人個人負有債務，其債權人不得代位行使該合伙人在合伙企業中的權利。

Except for the preliminary and conclusive remarks , the thesis consists of the following five parts . part i is a general examination of subrogating rights and subrogating action 本文除序言和結語外，共有五個部分：第一部分：關于代位權及代位訴訟的一般考察。

This thesis is aimed at making effort to enrich and perfect our theories and institutions on subrogating action , with reference to the studies and practices abroad 本文旨在借鑒域外研究成果、實務經驗，為豐富、完善我國代位訴訟理論，制度作出新的努力。