S - subgenus 中文

subgenus n.(pl. -genera , subgenuses ...

subglacial
In this paper , the brief history and the current condition in the classification of the genus acer linn . have been reviewed . i have also compared the precision of the ancestors ' studies and then studied the classificating evidence , the law of origin and evolution and geographical distribution . by identifying and studying the specimens , 1 ensure that there lie 20 species and subspecies and 8 varieties which belong to 3 subgenus in henan province . i add 3 species and 2 varieties which were not recorded in flora of henan such as acer tegnentosum maxim . a . tsinglingense fang et hsieh , a . shensiense fang , a . buergerianum miq . var . ningpoense ( hance ) rehd 作者通過對河南槭屬植物的分類研究，確認了本省槭屬植物共計20種、 1亞種和8個變種，隸屬于3亞屬12組，增補了《河南植物志》中未記載的但河南有自然分布的3個種、 2個變種：青楷槭acertegnentosummaxim .秦嶺槭a . tsinglingensefangethsieh 、陜西槭a . shensiensefang 、寧波三角槭a . buergerianummiq . var . ningpoense ( hance ) rehd .和蒿蘋四蕊槭a . tetramerumpaxvar . haopingensefang .訂正了《河南植物志》和《河南種子植物檢索表》中一些分類學問題。
The result shows : 1 ) some deformed and fine characters on middle antennal segments are very stable among species and is significant in the identification of genus ^ subgenus and genus . ( 1 ) . 9th and 10th antennal segments of the male of bothynogria have lined and naked spots and they are stable generic identification creterion 偽葉甲亞科各屬雄性觸角中部節常出現各種變形特征和一些較細微的特征，在屬內較為穩定，在屬、亞屬、種的鑒別幀有重要意義習溝偽葉甲屬bothgnogfjaborchmann雄性觸角第9節均具線狀的光裸是其較穩定的屬征。
The classification system among species of lycoris was discussed through morphology , chromosome , molecule . the systematical relationship among 12 species of lycoris has been discussed . the problems in the taxonomical systematics are as follows : ( l ) the results of cytology are different from that of molecule , but results of karyotype analycis and that of rapd are same . so it is seem too hard to divide lycoris two subgenus according to corolla regularity 其中，通過形態、染色體、分子方面對石蒜屬植物種間分類系統進行了探討，在石蒜屬分類系統方面存在的主要問題有： ( 1 )細胞學與分子系統學上的證據較為一致，而與形態學上的證據存在差異，因此，能否以花冠整齊與否將石蒜屬劃分為兩大亞屬值得商榷； ( 2 )石蒜屬植物的雜合體較多，這些種的系統位置仍存在分歧； ( 3 )微形態證據探討石蒜屬分類系統方面研究較為缺乏。
Two hundred and seventy - four sites were detected by 15 10 - mer primers , out of which 262 were polymorphic ( 95 . 6 % of the total loci detected ) . all of the materials were clearly distinguished , of which fourteen samples have forty - five typical rapd bands . before the molecular taxonomy was introduced , people never doubted subgenus yulania ' s disrelation with subgenus magnolia and a close relation between subgenus yulania and michelia , as there is in both genera a sameness seen in their prolepsis and powder chambers dehiscing on the side 3 、通過對玉蘭亞屬rapd擴增譜帶的分析，發現該類群具有很高的多態性：多態位點百分率高達95 . 6 ，產生的多態性帶數與所用引物數的比例為17 . 6 ， 15條隨機引物清楚地分開了31個種類，其中的14個種共有45條特征性帶，在利用rapd標記已研究過的類群中，本類群多態性較高。
The situation arising ( 1 ) when an author establishes a nominal genus or subgenus for what he or she considers to be a single taxonomic species and denotes that species by an available name ( the nominal species so named is the type - species by monotypy ) [ art . 68 . 3 ] ; or ( 2 ) when an author bases a nominal species - group taxon on a single specimen but does not explicitly designate it as holotype ( holotype by monotypy ; see article 73 . 1 . 2 ) 此種情況發生于( 1 )一著者建立一個命名屬或亞屬時,他或她認為是單一的分類學種,并且以一適用名稱指稱該種(如此定名的命名種即為以單模式性定模式種) [第68條3 ] ;或( 2 )一著者根據單一標本建立一個命名種群分類單元時并未明確指定該標本為正模式者(以單模式性定正模式;見第73條12 ) 。
Three types of cuticular thickening at the polar region of the guard cells are observed : slight cuticular thickening ; rod - shaped culicular thickening and rarely t - shaped thickening . with data obtained from the former research and personal observation , the cladistic methods were employed for the phylogenetic analysis of data and trees were rooted by out - group comparison using , the related genus kadsura . as result , a new system of the genus schisamdra michaux was reconstructed , and schisandra michaux was subdivided into 2 subgenus , 3 section , 2 series 10 species in this dissertation 整理有關五味子屬植物研究的資料，補充搜集近期發表的資料和本人研究所得數據，以種為基本單元，選擇近緣的南五味子屬( kadsura )作為外類群，采用paup4 . 0b4a軟件對本研究得出的性狀數據作分支分析，重建五味子屬的系統發育，修訂和補充五味子屬分類系統，在五味子屬下設2亞屬、 3組、 2系、 10種。
The antenna of cerogria among species and subgenera are quite variated and can be reliably used as interspecific identification characters . 2 ) common characters of male antennae of lagriinae are : terminal antennal segment elongate , and the extent of of elongation is outstanding intergeneral identification characters ）偽葉甲亞科雄性觸角的共同特征是端節延長，在本研究的8屬中各屬間觸角端節延長的程度及其是否穩定均存在一定的差異，在分屬時有一定實用價值。
Based on the reseaching of lycoris leaf micro - morphology characters by sem scanning , light microscope viewing and using paraffin method in the article , we try to provide the proofs of experiment and the efffective characer indexes to discuss the system and evolution of the lycoris . we find these microscope characers through reseach are as follows : the arrangement type , density and the length of stoma ; the shape and length of the epidermal cells ; the ridge of epidermis ; the transverse shape of leaf ; the number of the vascular bundle ; the style of vessel arrangement of vascular bundle in the middle vein ; the layers of palisade tissue ; the ratio of the thicken of palisade tissue to that of spongy tissue ; the angle number of the middle leaf ; the type of ventilating cavity etc . these characters are different from those of species in lycoris , meanwhile these characters are similar to those of some species in lycoris . so these characters can be used as the character indexes for differentiating species and reseaching systematic evolution of lycoris ; we can divide lycoris into two subgenus by these characteristic indexes : the species of one subgenus are l . aurea ( l “ her . ) herb , , chinensis traub , l . caldweuii traub , l . anhuiensis y . hsu et q . j . fan , l . longituba y . hsu et q . j . fan ; the species of another subgenu s are l . houdyshelii traub , l . albiflora koidz . , 研究結果表明：葉表皮的氣孔排列方式、長度、長寬比，脊的明顯與否，葉表皮上的顆粒紋飾的多少、大小，葉表皮細胞長度、長寬比、垂周壁形狀，上部葉柵欄組織細胞層數、葉的維管束數、葉中脈導管組成數目，氣腔類型，葉的脊部遠軸面的角數，葉緣的形狀等這些特征在種間存在差異，同時，在有些種之間又有相似性；因此，這些特征既可以作為區分種的證據，又是研究石蒜屬植物系統演化的性狀指標，根據這些性狀指標，可以將石蒜屬植物大致分為兩個亞屬：一是忽地笑、中國石蒜、短蕊石蒜、安徽石蒜、長筒石蒜，二是江蘇石蒜、乳白石蒜、石蒜、玫瑰石蒜、稻草石蒜；在兩個亞屬中其中有些種如忽地笑、長筒石蒜、中國石蒜的親緣關系則更近些。
In the present paper , 3 tribes , 21 genera and 133 species known in asia - pacific area are diagnosed , of which 1 subgenus and 97 species ( including 5 species drabescus jinxiuensis , drabescus lii , drabescus lamellatus , fistulatus monkoboensis and fistulatus athena published in 2003 ) are new to science and 1 new synonym is proposed , 56 new species are from china , 6 genera and 6 species are recorded for the first time from china . they are listed as follows : new subgenus : hecaloidella ( adnascens ) subgen . nov . . new species : hecaloidella ( s . str . ) 本次研究共整理、鑒定和記述亞太地區緣脊葉蟬亞科3族20屬133種，包括1新亞屬， 97新種(其中蒙卡管莖葉蟬fistulatusmonkoboensis 、雅典娜管莖葉蟬fistulatusathena 、金秀脛槽葉蟬drabescusjinxiuensis 、李氏脛槽葉蟬drabescuslii 、片莖脛槽葉蟬drabescuslamellatus等5種已另文發表) ，確認1個新異名，其中中國15屬68種，包括33新種、 6個中國新記錄屬、 6個中國新記錄種。
The results suggest that 1 ) sannella dworakowska should be moved out from typhlocybini to zyginellini ; 2 ) eupteryx complex is a molophyletic group and should be placed in typhlocybini ; 3 ) farynala complex , eupteryx complex and linnavouriana complex were confirmed to be molophyletic respectively which is in accordance with the traditional views . before this study , 44 genera and 6 subgenera , 502species of typhlocybini are found over the world , of which 20 genera and 87 species are known in china 結果表明： 1 )圓頂小葉蟬屬sannelladworakowska在嚴格合意樹上位于樹的根部而與小葉蟬族其它屬的共同分支平行，不屬于本族； 2 )蒿小葉蟬屬組eupteryxcomplex為一單系群，屬于小葉蟬族； 3 )傳統分類所提出的除小葉蟬屬組typhlocybacomplex以外的其他幾個屬組(蟠小葉蟬屬組farynalacomplex 、蒿小葉蟬屬組eupteryxcomplex和林氏小葉蟬屬組linnavourianacomplex )為亞單系群的觀點成立。
2 heterogeneity and evolution of 5s rdna pattern of intragenomic and interspecific variation of 5s rdna hi five pines ( including subgenus strobus and pinus ) were studied through cloning and sequencing multiple 5s rdna copies the length of 5s rdna unit is 658 - 728 bp hi diploxylon pines while 499 - 521 bp hi the haploxylon p . bungeana Ssif7 ： na的序列變異與分子進化利用分子克隆和dna測序分析了油松、云南松、馬尾松、白皮松和不同遺傳背景的高山松居群的ssilna基因序列變異及基因進化規律，得到以下主要結果：（ 1 ） ssrdna的結構特征。
They are all listed as follows : new genera : circinata , franutia , keumiata , kuneata , loculata , munealata , platynotus , posteroprojecta , radicfurcus , retrofracta , sagittatus , treufalka , gen . nov . newly recorded genera : baguoidea mahmood , faiga dworakowska , ghauriana thapa , goifa dworakowska , ifuaria dworakowska , ifugoa dworakowska & pawar , jacobiella dworakowska , kotwaria dworakowska , schizandrasca anufriev , sikkimasca dworakowska , usharia dworakowska , velu ghauri , n . rec . 187 newly recorded subgenera : empoasca ( livasca ) dworakowska , empoasca ( okubasca ) dworakowska , empoasca ( sabowasca ) ram 中國新記錄屬：巴小葉蟬屬baguoideamahmood 、匙板葉蟬屬faigadworakowska 、戛小葉蟬屬ghaurianathapa 、法小葉蟬屬goifadworakowska 、伊小葉蟬屬ifuariadworakowska 、埃小葉蟬屬ifugoadworakowska & pawar 、凸板葉蟬屬jacobielladworakowska 、科小葉蟬屬kotwariadworakowska 、叉脈葉蟬屬schizandrascaanufriev 、錫小葉蟬屬sikkimascadworakowska 、蕪小葉蟬屬ushariadworakowska 、兜小葉蟬屬velughauri ， n . rec . 。
In the present paper , 40 genera , 10 subgenera , 226 species and 3 subspecies are diagnosed and described , among which 12 genera and 111 species are new to science , 12 genere , 3subgenera , 58 species and 2 subspecies are recorded from china for the first time , and 3 new combinations and 4 new synonyms are proposed as well 本研究鑒定、整理并記述中國小綠葉蟬族40屬、 10亞屬、 226種、 3亞種，其中包括12新屬、 12中國新記錄屬、 3中國新記錄亞屬、 111新種、 58中國新記錄種、 2中國新記錄亞種、 3新組合，并提出4個新異名。
The analyses of these three types of data in the hybrid and its parents could provide new information on genomic composition and evolutionary mechanisms of the hybrid . the main results are the followings : 1 . rdna fish chromosomal localization of 18s and 5s rdna was carried out for two soft pines ( subgenus strobus ) and five hard pines ( subgenus pinus ) using fish Rdna熒光原位雜交( fish )通過對華山松和白皮松兩種單維管束亞屬植物及油松、云南松、高山松、馬尾松和南亞松等五種雙維管束亞屬植物的18srdna與5srdna的熒光原位雜交，結果表明： ( 1 )裸子植物的18srdna位點數目明顯多于二倍體被子植物。
Magnolia subgenus yulania , a deciduous tree found in temperate zones , is an important taxonomic group of magnoliaceae . there are in subgenus yulania twenty species , of which one grows in southeast america , three in japan , and most , however , in china widely cultivated in gardens and used as chinese medicine for about 2 , 500 years 本文利用rapd分子標記技術和人工雜交手段對玉蘭亞屬植物的系統關系和分類地位進行了研究，闡明了玉蘭亞屬15個種、 11個變異類型和4個品種、 1個人工雜交后代的種間親緣關系；探討了玉蘭亞屬與含笑屬和木蘭亞屬間的系統關系；發現一個新種，建立2個新組。
Keys to all these 8 genera and 46 species are given . moreover , cerogria ( cerogria ) ommalata are transferred from the subgenus cerogria borchmann to cerogriodes borchmann , cerogria ( cerogria ] flavicornisare transferred from the subgenus cerogria borchmann 2003 to aeschrocera chen 對各階元的中文名稱，陳斌已擬訂的，本文盡量沿用，對于無現成中文名稱的，則根據形態特征、分布及拉丁學名譯意擬訂；還擬訂了雌雄性外生殖器的部分名稱。
The situation arising when a nominal genus or subgenus was established before 1931 without any included nominal species , and when only a single taxonomic species denoted by an available name was first subsequently referred to it [ art . 69 . 3 ] 此種情況發生于1931年以前建立而未包含任何命名種在內的命名屬或亞屬,并且在后來以一個適用名稱所指示的單一分類學種歸于該命名屬或亞屬的情形[第69條3 ] 。
This pattern shows the clear divergence of the two subgenera . at the same time , the differentiation of rdna sites on chromosomes among pines correlates well to their phylogenic positions in pimis reconstructed with other molecular data 雜交起源的高山松在染色體組上，表現出對油松和云南松兩親本不同染色體特征的分別繼承與重組，并產生獨有的特征。
The results also implied that rapd patterns within subgenus yulania were highly polymorphic . they could be effectively applied to the classification of magnoliaceae at the lower taxonomical unit 但考慮到種間形態上的差異和利于分類學特征在實際中應用，將玉蘭亞屬的變異類型進一步細分成5個類群。

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subgenus

subgenus n.(pl. -genera , subgenuses ...

subglacial