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ribosome

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ribosome n.【生物化學】核糖體。adj.-somal

n. 【生物化學】核糖體。 adj. -somal “bound ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   固著核糖體“chloroplast ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   葉綠體核蛋白體; 葉綠體核糖體“chloroplastic ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   葉綠體核糖體,葉綠體核蛋白體“free ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   游高核蛋白體; 游離核糖體“heavy ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   重核糖體,多糖核體“hybrid ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   雜種核蛋白體; 雜種核糖體“intramitochondrial ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   線粒體內核糖體“mitochondrial ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   線粒體核蛋白體“monomeric ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   單體核糖體“nuclear ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   核內核糖體“pulsating ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   搏動核糖體“ribosome alteration“ 中文翻譯：   核蛋白體變性“ribosome assembly“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體裝配; 核糖體組裝“ribosome cycle“ 中文翻譯：   核蛋白體循環; 核糖體循環“ribosome dissociation“ 中文翻譯：   核蛋白體分離; 核糖體分離“ribosome movement“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體移動“ribosome mutant“ 中文翻譯：   核蛋白體突變型“ribosome protein“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體蛋白質“ribosome rna“ 中文翻譯：   核蛋白體rna; 核糖體核糖核酸“ribosome structure“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體結構“ribosome template“ 中文翻譯：   核蛋白體膜板; 核糖體模板,核蛋白體模板“ribosome translocation“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體易位“ribosome trapping“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體俘獲“translocation of the ribosome“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體位移“ribosomalsubunit“ 中文翻譯：   核蛋白體亞單位 核糖體亞單位“ribosomal-ribonucleic acid“ 中文翻譯：   核糖體核糖核酸

ribotide

L were studied . during the meiotic process of megasporocyte , the ribosome population diminished greatly in prophase i and restored in metaphase i ; plastids and mitochondria turned unclear dedifferentiation in prophase i and recovered their normal structures redifferentiation in metaphase i . all these proved that cytoplasmic reorganization took place during the megasporogenesis of 發現了小麥大孢子母細胞減數分裂過程中，核糖體密度在前期顯著降低，到中期才完全恢復質體和線粒體也出現了脫分化和再分化。從而證明了小麥的大孢子形成過程中也存在著細胞質改組現象。

Mainly involving the vibration of the o - p - o linkages and c - o groups in ribosome , are closer and lower in aml samples than the corresponding ratios in cml samples . the amide band in aml is broader than that in cml . these differences indicate the different contributions of red cells in erythrocytic series in the erythropoietic development from proerythroblast to matured erythrocytes , and the results imply the maturation of red cells in bone marrow are related to the proliferation of leukemic cells . the noticeable differences may have important implications for analyzing and evaluating leukemia 該結果提示aml和cml骨髓血紅細胞系中有核紅細胞的數量分布不同，同時提示骨髓紅細胞的成熟可能與白血病細胞的增殖有關。骨髓血細胞的紅外光譜的差異性對白血病的分析和評價具有重要的意義。

Mitochondria and ribosomes are hard to see , and the ribosome are found to adhere on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum ; golgi body and lysosome do not exist , membranous ring emerges at the secondary spermatocyte stage . the organelles change into pre - acrosome vesicles at middle spermatid stage , and finally pre - acrosome forms acrosome . 2 浙江華溪蟹在生精細胞階段，染色質形態相似，呈不同程度凝集狀，核仁在精原細胞期出現;精細胞階段，染色質分化成纖絲狀和致密塊狀，部分核質延伸入輻射臂內，整個核呈淺杯狀。

As the cyclin dependent kinase , cdc2 may act at multiple levels during mitosis to repress ribosome biogenesis , which lead the biosynthesis to a relative silent phase , when the most of cell ' s energy expenditure is used in chromosome condensation , breakdown of the nuclear envelope , and formation of the mitotic spindle 作為cyclin依賴激酶， cdc2的激酶活性在很大程度上抑制了細胞的合成代謝，使細胞的蛋白合成進入了一個相對的靜止期，而細胞主要的能量則被應用于細胞分裂時的染色體的濃縮、核膜的降解、紡錘體的形成等。

( accession numbers : ay184425 - ay184440 ) . combined with other several full 12s rrna sequences of chinese water deer , montijac , water deer , cow , horse , goat and tragulus retrieved from genbank database , the whole set of sequences was utilized for downstream analysis based on theories and models in molecular phylogeny , whereas the secondary structure of 12s rrna was predicted and analyzed based on present small subunit of ribosome model 將上述序列與從genbank檢索到的獐、麂、水鹿、牛、馬、羊、鼷鹿的12srrna基因全序列一起，通過應用分子系統學理論與模型分析序列數據，以及對12srrna二級結構的分析，得出了以下主要結論： ( 1 )用最小進化方法( me )和鄰接法( nj )對12srrna基因的全序列構建分子系統樹的拓撲結構基本相同。

In cell growth , about 80 % power will be spent in the biosynthesis of the ribosome , however , to continue the reproduction , the equal distribution of the germ plasma , most energy of the cell will be used to protect and distribute the dna , when the biosynthesis of the cell is at a low level 在細胞生長的過程中80的能量將會消耗在細胞核糖體的生物合成上；為了繁殖的繼續進行，遺傳物質必須被平均分配到兩個子細胞中，此時細胞大部分的能量被用在遺傳物質的保護和分離上，合成代謝的水平很低。

Many glycoproteins of lower and higher eucaryotes are attached to the plasma membrane by means of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( gpi ) . gpi - anchored proteins are synthesized on membrane - bound ribosomes . upon translocation of the pro - protein across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane , gpi : protein transamidase ( gp1t ) recognize and removes the carboxy terminal gpi signal sequence and attaches a gpi molecule to the newly exposed carboxy terminal amino acid Gpi化前體蛋白在依附于膜的核糖體上合成，當其易位穿過內質網( er )膜后，被gpi ：蛋白質轉酰胺基酶( gpit )識別， gpit在移走其羧基端gpi信號序列的同時將gpi分子連接至新生成的氨基酸位點上。

Nucleoli exist from spermatocyte stage to early spermatid stage . in this process , the numbers of ribosomes , mitochondrions and endoplasmic reticulums increase until secondary spermatocyte stage , golgi apparatus emerges at the secondary spermatocyte stage , and then , these organelles change into lamellar complex which finally forms the acrosome 核糖體，線粒體和內質網等細胞器數量逐漸增多，到次級精母細胞階段達到最大，在形成精子的過程中，上述細胞器與高爾基體及膜性泡共同分化或參與形成片層小體，并參與頂體的形成。

A single molecule of rta is able to depurinate 1500 - 2000 ribosomes per minute . ricin b chain ( rtb ) is a galactose - specific lectin which binds to the receptors on cell surfaces , and may enhance rta translocation by forming a pore in the membrane of intracellular organelles . ricin enters the cells by receptor - mediated endocytosis 內吞進入細胞的蓖麻毒素一部分返回到膜表面，一部分經早期內體至晚期內體，最后在溶酶體中降解，只有一小部分約5到達高爾基體，隨后逆轉運到粗面內質網，在那里rta才和rtb解離，游離出有催化活性的rta 。

Many cucurbitaceae plants were known to he chinese medicine herbs and contain ribosome - inactivating proteins ( rip ) , a group of toxic proteins that have been proposed and demonstrated to play potential use as toxins in the therapy of a variety of human tumors and viruses including hiv 核糖體失活蛋白( ribosome - inactivatingproteins , rip )具有抗腫瘤和抗病毒等醫用價值，以及抗植物病毒和病原真菌等農用價值。它是一種多活性的物質，不同rip具有各自獨特的功能，其潛在活性還在不斷發現之中。

The histologic lesions were characterized by the remarkable atrophy of intestinal villi , basal vacuolation of enterocytes , increment of the crypt and the villus - to - crypt ratio had significantly decrease . compared with that of noninoculated control chicks . besides . intestinal villi become thin and flat . or cubic , also accompanied with necrosis . many villous enterocytes were detached from the lamina propria and the lamina propria contained a diffuse infiltrate of lymphocytes , plasma cells , macrophages . the characteristic ultrastructural changes observed by electronmicroscope were swelled mitochondria and dilated endo - plasticreticulum . ribosome on the surface of endo - plasticreticulum fall off and the number of ribosome within the cell decrease 動物回歸試驗中接種兩周齡spf雞， 24h后陸續發病，表現為持續性水樣腹瀉；剖檢可見病雞脫水、小腸內有大量的液體和氣泡、腸粘膜變薄；組織學變化為腸絨毛上皮壞死、脫落，絨毛平均長度減少而隱窩深度增加，固有層中淋巴細胞浸潤。其臨床癥狀及病理組織學變化與自然發病相同。

A polypeptide with sequence of qkvdssggggs was designed to be a linker between c terminal of penicillin g acylase and n terminal of the coat protein . the ribosome binding site ( rbs sequence ) of psurfscript is also replaced by rbs sequence originating from bacillus subtilis . it was demonstrated that constructed phagemid can still express penicillin g acylase 將包含信號肽和琥珀終止密碼子uag ( amber )的完整巨大芽孢桿菌青霉素g酰化酶基因克隆到噬菌粒psurfscript ，通過引入的11肽連接青霉素g酰化酶的c末端與噬菌體外殼蛋白gp3的n末端。

The pa7 fragment was sequenced and several motifs similar to prokaryotic promoter elements such as - lobox , - 35box and up box were found . the sd sequence which was bound by ribosome and atg site were also found . the pat fragment was blast in genebank , but there is no its “ homological sequence 對pa7片段的序列分析發現其距5 ’端931bp ? 1091bp處具有原核生物典型基因啟動子的保守結構- 10區和- 35區，以及翻譯必需的sd序列和翻譯起始位點等。

Trichosanthin ( tcs ) is a single - chain ribosome inactivating protein . tcs belongs to a sort of metalloprotein , and ca2 + locates in its active center . it is isolated from trichosanthes kirilowii tubers of cucurbitaceae and is the active component of chinese drug tian hua fen 天花粉蛋白是從葫蘆科植物栝樓塊根中分離得到的一種單鏈核糖體失活蛋白，是中藥天花粉的有效成分，具有重要的理論研究和實際應用價值。

Uppsala university scientists have discovered an entirely new process in which short , tiny “ antisense rna “ competes with the protein - producing ribosomes for starting sites for reading messenger rna 烏普薩那大學的科學家們發現了一個全新的進程，在短期內，微小的“反義核糖核酸”具有與制造蛋白質的核糖體競爭信使rna起始位點的能力。

Our ultrastructural observations provided more convincing evidence that the hepatic phenotype was induced . before the sodium butyrate treatment , the cells contained few organelles except some mitochondria and ribosome 電鏡下觀察，胞漿中的細胞器較誘導前明顯增多，有線粒體、內質網和高爾基體以及大量的核糖體和糖原顆粒。

It has been shown that this occurs in bacteria in that antisense rna sets up base pairs with a certain messenger rna ( m - rna ) precisely where the ribosomes would start their reading 這些蛋白質通過核糖體聚合在一起，且他們是通過沿著的閱讀和翻譯信使rna氨基酸的序列而行成，這就決定了各種蛋白質在細胞內的不同功能。

First , the rer became the diflferent size vesicles , then , the ribosomes on the little vesicles began to fall , and finally , the rer turned to the concentric round lamellar structures 粗面內質網的結構先是裂解為微粒體，然后微粒體上的核糖體開始脫落，直至成為同心性板層小體。

“ this is inhibits the reading . ribosomes need single - strand rna in order to start , “ says gerhart wagner , professor of procaryote microbiology at uppsala university 烏普薩拉大學的原核微生物學家瓦格納教授說， “這是一種抑制性的轉錄活動。核糖體需以單鏈rna為翻譯轉錄模板” 。