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public debt 公債。

public defender

It includes the history and forms of public debt , the issue , circulation and repayment of pubic debt , public debt market , the effects of public debt on economy , the scale and structure of public debt , also its administration and supervision 內容有公債的歷史,公債的形式,公債的發行、流通和償還過程,公債市場,公債對經濟各方面的影響,公債的規模和結構,公債的管理和監督。

The more obvious ones include the level of public debt outstanding and the level of fiscal reserves . the dynamics also depend on the characteristics of the monetary system , and the credibility and robustness of the monetary management mechanism in place 其中最明顯的是政府負債水平及財政儲備水平,其他因素還包括貨幣制度的特點,以及貨幣管理機制的公信力及穩健程度。

First , the consumphon funchon of life - cycle saving model is used to analyze the infiuence of public debts on consumphon demand , namely , the public debts act on consumphon function by reducing cmt tax and changing interest rate 首先,在生命周期假說的消費函數理論基礎上,分析了政府公債對消費需求的影響,政府公債發行通過即期稅收的減少和利率變動而影響消費函數。

To perfect our macro - control institutions of public debt , we should be approaching the goal of legalization , harmonization and operation , and develop the legal system framework of subject , conduct and guarantee 完善我國的國債宏觀調控立法,應當朝著法制化、協調化與可操作化的目標邁進,并按照“主體行為保障”的制度框架進一步健全國債宏觀調控法律制度。

In the author ' s opinion , only placing the problem of local public debt in the developing environment of local finance and local economy can we have a comprehensive understanding of it and can it be of significance to make a research on it 筆者認為,只有將地方公債問題放在地方財政與地方經濟發展的環境中才能予以全面認識,才有其研究的意義。

4 . the validity of the public debt of the united states , authorized by law , including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion , shall not be questioned 第四款對于法律批準的合眾國公共債務,包括因支付平定作亂或反叛有功人員的年金和獎金而產生的債務,其效力不得有所懷疑。

This article , based on the general theory of public debt scale , analyzes the current situation of public debt in china , by means of which i predict its trend and eventually present specific policies and suggestions 本文在國債規模一般理論闡述和論證的基礎上,剖析了我國現實狀況,據此進行了趨勢預測,最后提出了綜合整治的政策建議。

Then , in a period of tusition economy , what kind of policy should be adopted to make the issuance of public debts benefit china rather than othdrise lead to a debt crisis for the govenunent 這向我們提出了一個問題:目前,我國處于轉軌經濟時期,實行什么樣的公債政策有利于中國經濟的發展,而不會導致政府的債務危機

In january the oecd said that if pension and health spending were not trimmed , italy ' s public debt , the world ' s third - biggest , could more than triple by 2050 1月,經濟合作與發展組織( oecd )稱意大利的退休金和醫保開支如不加以控制,等到2050年,意大利的國債? ?位居世界第三,將增加兩倍還多。

Finally , the chapter discusses the hopact of public debts on balance of payments and exchange rate , and its interactive relationship with the adjustinent of economic smicthe 最后,探討了公債對國際收支、匯率影響以及與經濟結構調整的互動關系。對政府公債的金融影響進行了闡述。

In my opinion , public debt is necessary . however we should control its scale . we ca n ' t let it be overwhelming because its major characteristic is to pay principle and interest 筆者認為,國債不可不借,但其規模應得到適當的控制,因為還本付息是其重要特征,萬不可放任泛濫。

Demand ; differently the author tries to illustrae the relative topics at a new angel and names his dissertation as “ the study on efficiency of public debts “ 基于上述現實和理論方面的考慮,在前人的研究成果上,我選擇了《公債的經濟效應分析》作為我的博士論文研究課題。

Myself drove a small company , brushstroke transfer check turns in bank public debt . ( after 1 ) raises ready money , tax bureau can be checked , i where does this cash use 我自己開了個小公司,有一筆轉帳支票轉到了銀行公帳里了. ( 1 )提現金后,稅局會不會來查,我這筆現金用到哪里

He cites brazil , which although it has a floating currency and manageable public debt was paying ten times over the odds to borrow from capital markets 他援引巴西的例子說,盡管巴西實行了浮動匯率制和可控國債,但它向資本市場借款還是付出了比正常條件下高出10倍的成本。

In addition , statements have been made in chapter one to the basic definition and feature of chinese local public debt , and also the structure and research scope of the thesis 此外,在第一章中還對中國地方公共債務的基本定義、特征以及全文結構和研究范圍作了說明。

Following the famous economists lthe adam smith , lecato , - - keynes , and tobin , the prevailing theorehc study on chinse public debts usually ouly concentrates in 斯密、李嘉圖,還是凱恩斯和后來的托賓等經濟學家。目前,國內研究公債問題也主要是沿著這個思路。

Accordingly we should take action in nine aspects such as improving taxation system , reinforcing the ability in public debt management and solve the problem in the long run 為此,必須從完善稅制,提高國債管理水平等九個方面入手,予以標本兼治。

Thoughts of the research : as a tool in financial policy , public debt has its certain and also uncertain influences on the economy and the society 研究思路:公債作為財政政策的工具,對經濟社會的影響有其確定性的一面,也有不確定性的一面。

People ’ s acquaintance to public debt began to transcendence finance category , and began to concern pubic debt ’ s coordinate impact in the macroeconomics 人們對國債的認識也逐漸超越財政收支運作本身,開始關注國債的宏觀經濟效應。