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propulsive

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propulsive adj.推進的，促進的，有推進力的。

adj. 推進的，促進的，有推進力的。 “efficiency; propulsive“ 中文翻譯：   推進效率“gas propulsive“ 中文翻譯：   氣體推進“propulsive acceleration“ 中文翻譯：   推進加速度“propulsive arrangement“ 中文翻譯：   推進裝置“propulsive auxiliaries“ 中文翻譯：   推進輔機; 推進系統輔機“propulsive cathode“ 中文翻譯：   （氫氣）推液陰極; 推液陰極“propulsive characteristics“ 中文翻譯：   推進特性“propulsive coefficient“ 中文翻譯：   推進系數; 推力系數“propulsive control“ 中文翻譯：   噴氣操縱; 推進操縱“propulsive device“ 中文翻譯：   推進裝置“propulsive duct“ 中文翻譯：   脈沖噴射發動機; 噴氣發動機“propulsive efficiency“ 中文翻譯：   牽引效率; 推進效率“propulsive effort“ 中文翻譯：   推進力“propulsive elements“ 中文翻譯：   推進要素; 自航要素“propulsive energy“ 中文翻譯：   推進能量“propulsive engine“ 中文翻譯：   推進發動機“propulsive force“ 中文翻譯：   推進力“propulsive gait“ 中文翻譯：   前沖步態“propulsive gas“ 中文翻譯：   噴射推進氣體; 推進氣體“propulsive horsepower“ 中文翻譯：   推進馬力“propulsive influence“ 中文翻譯：   推進影響“propulsive jet“ 中文翻譯：   沖奪式空氣噴氣發動機; 沖壓式空氣噴氣發動機; 推進射流“propulsive letdown“ 中文翻譯：   帶推力下降“propulsive unit“ 中文翻譯：   推進器組; 推進裝置“propulsionmachinery“ 中文翻譯：   推進裝置“propulsion; jet“ 中文翻譯：   噴射推進

propulsor

Spacecrafts are working in the space environment , which is full of sorts of physical mediums . and these mediums will impact on the altitude movement of spacecraft . spacecraft attitude control during propulsive maneuvers is complicated due to several factors as listed below : ( i ) nonlinear dynamics with time delays , ( ii ) modeling and parameter uncertainties , ( iii ) flexible modes due to fuel sloshing and appendages , ( vi ) constraints on propulsive force and torque inputs , ( v ) constraints on acceptable angular rates and attitude , ( iv ) autonomous reconfiguration requirements under failure conditions 飛行器是在一定的空間環境中飛行，而空間環境中充滿著各種物理介質，對飛行器的姿態運動產生不同程度的影響，所以空間飛行器的姿態控制相當復雜，它受到如下因素的制約： ( ? )帶時延的非線性動態特性( ? )模型和參數的不確定性( ? )燃料的激蕩性以及燃料消耗所引起飛行器的質量變化( ? )推力和輸入力矩的約束性( ? )額定角速度約束和姿態約束( ? )在故障發生的情況下自動重新配置的必要性。

Methods the influences of water extraction , alcohol extraction , and sfe - co2 extraction on pharmacodynamic actions of drug pair of rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae and radix paeoniae alba were evaluated by mice intestine propulsive motility test , rats repelling acute gastric mucosa damage test , mice twisting test and hot - plate test 方法通過小鼠腸推進實驗、抗急性胃黏膜損傷實驗、扭體法、熱板法等，評價“白術白芍”藥對水提、醇提、超臨界提取等工藝對藥效的影響。

Zhang - jiajie use to be a communications and information close up area for thousands of years before 1980 ' s . it was an undeveloped area and had not been effectively exploited . since 1980 ' s , the government effectively exploited it and utilized it , and it formed growth poles and propulsive property , drove other interrelated newly developed industries booming and therefore brings the city itself prosperous 20世紀80年代以前幾千年乃至幾萬年的時間里張家界因周圍環境貧困落后、交通信息閉塞又長期得不到有效地開發和利用處于不發達地區； 20世紀80年代以后，隨著國家對其進行有效地開發和利用，形成了推進型產業和帶動了相關創新型產業的飛速發展，并發展成為世界著名的旅游地區。

The community has more and more realized its propulsive effect to other industries , especially to hi - tech industry . it is widely accepted that venture capital is not only the incubator of the development of hi - tech firms , but also the impeller of economics . due to the high potential and high rate of return , many venture capital investors neglect the characteristics of high return and high risk of venture capital 風險資本市場在我國的建立僅有十幾年時間，這個市場對其它行業尤其是高新技術產業的推進作用越來越被社會所共識， “風險投資是高科技發展的孵化器，是經濟增長的發動機”這一觀點逐漸被社會各界所接受，正因為這一投資市場具有極大潛力和較高的投資回報率，因此往往使眾多投資家忽視了“高收益、高風險”這一風險投資的特點。

This thesis first states the characteristics of the equipments that have been adopted by the modern fighter and their basic technical performance . then an overall layered modular design for air combat simulation system is made utilizing system simulation technology and critical sub - systems have been mathematically modeled known as fighter body , propulsive system , flight control system , radar , fire control system , gun , air - air missile and avionics . after that a set of distributed air combat simulation system software is developed based on the scene graphics pc platform 本文首先介紹了現代戰斗機空戰技術裝備及其基本技術性能特點；而后使用系統仿真技術，依據分層模塊化設計思想，制定了空戰仿真系統總體設計方案；之后根據目前技術狀況，建立了戰斗機機體、推進系統、飛控系統、雷達、火控系統、航炮、空空導彈、航電設備等戰斗機關鍵子系統數學模型；在此基礎上，根據總體設計方案，在基于pc的分布交互式視景仿真平臺上開發了一套分布式空戰仿真系統軟件，實現了戰斗機交互式飛行仿真和分布式空戰仿真。

In order to imitate tune tail fin better , a flexible fin only in chordwise is considered . results shows that flexibility can increase the propulsive efficiency and cause small decreases in the average thrust compared with a rigid caudal fin with similar motion . next , a comparison between the rectangle fin and the lunate fin is given 為了使數學模型更貼近生物模型，本文又將尾鰭處理為只考慮弦向變形而不考慮展向變形的柔性體，兩者對比的結果表明，柔性翼使得平均推力減小，但是，對具有相同推力的柔性翼比剛性翼具有更高的效率。

Based on these two theories , this dissertation analyzed enclave style cities or countries such as america ' s las vegas , africa ' s morocco , brazil ' s manaus , and make them as authentic proof foundation . these three cities or countries shares a common character : outside circumstances are poor ; governments exploit them ; form their own growth poles and propulsive property - tourism industry ; economy therefore developed 這三個城市或國家，存在著一個共同特點，就是它們都處于周圍環境、條件較為或非常貧困落后的情況下，通過國家對其進行有效地開發和利用，形成了自己的增長極和推進型產業及其以旅游經濟為主體的經濟形式，從而使城市和地區發展起來，并發展成為世界著名的旅游城市和地區。

Then according to system simulation technology , the overall air - to - ground attack simulation plan is made with the thought of models and layers . after that , the mathematical models of main parts in the simulation are made such as aircraft body , propulsive system , flight control system , fire control system , bomb and air - to - ground missile . on the basis of these mathematical models , using the object - oriented design methodology , a set of air - to - ground attack real - time visual simulation software is developed . this software can be used to aid aircraft design , research of air - to - ground attack tactics and flight training 本文首先介紹了現代戰爭中空對地攻擊的技術裝備及其特點，計算機仿真技術的發展以及面向對象的軟件設計思想；而后使用系統仿真技術，依據分層、模塊化設計思想，制定了空對地攻擊仿真系統總體設計方案；之后根據目前技術狀況，建立了戰斗機機體、推進系統、飛控系統、火控系統、航空炸彈、空地導彈等子系統數學模型；在此基礎上，利用面向對象的軟件設計思想，在基于pc的平臺上開發了一套對地攻擊視景仿真軟件，實現了戰斗機對地攻擊實時視景仿真。

Collapsing the elbow across the body during the underwater propulsive phase of the stroke - if the elbow is dropped during the propulsive phase of the stroke , the head of the humerus is , again , rotated into the deltoid causing friction and tedonitis , and / or the scapula is pushed against the rotator cuff muscles , causing pain or possible tissue damage 在劃臂的“抓水”階段，手臂徑直抓水或過分用力一如果在劃臂的“抓水”階段，手臂太直或過分用力，肱骨頭就會旋進三角肌引起肌腱炎，肩胛骨也會擠壓軸轉肌而引起肌肉疼痛或組織損傷。

This dissertation defines that the enclave cities and towns are the enclave quality places in impoverished and behind areas with unique natural resources and environments . being gradually exploited and utilized , these places formed their own poles of growth and propulsive property and drove other interrelated newly developed industries booming and therefore brings the city and towns themselves prosperous . finally the enclave cities and towns become famous tourism cities and towns 本文認為， “飛地”型城鎮是指在某一個貧困落后地區中的“飛地”區域里，由于擁有某種獨特的自然資源和環境，因長期未得到有效地開發和利用，隨著人類對其開發和利用，形成了自己的增長極和推進型產業并帶動其它相關創新型產業迅速發展，從而帶動城鎮發展，并最終成為著名旅游型城鎮。

This paper presents an overview of the swimming mechanisms and the caudal fin locomotion employed by fish . a practical method is brought forward that use the track of the caudal fin oscillating to study the locomotion of the robotic fish . and this paper mimic the bcf ( body and / or caudal fin ) propulsive fish with a three - link robotic fish model ( oucefish - i ) for oscillating foil propulsion , and then describes the design ( hardware and software ) of it in detail 本文對魚類的游動機理和尾鰭運動學原理進行分析，提出利用尾鰭擺動軌跡研究機器魚的運動學原理方法，設計并實現了一種三關節仿bcf ( bodyand orcaudalfin身體加尾鰭)高效推進方式機器魚模型( oucefish - ) ，通過對機器魚的姿態、運行軌跡進行控制和分析，并對機器魚的實驗結果做了分析，達到研究分析機器魚的運動學原理的目的。

Finally , the values of kinematic parameters in typical swimming are estimated for theoretical calculation and computational simulation . based on the kinematic formulation , this paper applies large - amplitude elongated body theory to propulsive performance of undulatory dorsal / median fins and establishes a set of equations for estimation of the propulsive force and the propeller efficiency . the calculations based on experimental data coincide with blake ’ s result in 1980 從波動運動的參數方程出發,本文基于大擺幅伸長體理論對背鰭/背臀鰭波動模式的推進性能進行了分析,推導推進力和推進效率的計算公式,利用實驗觀測典型運動參數對仿生對象的推進力和推進效率進行了理論估算,結果與blake的計算結果相吻合,從而驗證了所建運動學模型的有效性。

Considering the relations between idle load characteristics and armature winding parameters of the salient pole propulsive synchronous motor ( spsm ) with its structure , stator tooth and magnetic saturation , the analysis of numerical method for the back electromotive force calculation of spsm is given under various exciting current values 摘要針對凸極式同步推進電機的空載特性及其繞組參數與電機結構、定轉子齒槽、磁場飽和等緊密相關的問題，分析了在不同勵磁電流下同步推進電機相反電勢的數值計算方法，提出了采用電機磁場能量微動法計算相繞組的參數，并對一臺十二相同步推進電機的繞組參數及其空載特性進行了計算和測量。

The undulatory dorsal / median fin propulsion modes as represented by amiiform and balistiform fish are of great significance for bionic propulsion research , particularly for the design and control of underwater vehicles , which are generally employed at slow speeds , offering greater maneuverability and better propulsive efficiency 以弓鰭目和鱗?科魚類為代表的背鰭/背臀鰭波動推進模式對于水下仿生推進器研制具有相當重要的參考價值。

Extreme negative and positive acceleration phases are not a characteristic of swimmers who must be efficient ( e . g . , 200 m plus ) who usually demonstrate high rates , almost continuous propulsive force production , and minimum periods of time in long “ sculling boat “ positions 最終的負加速度和正加速度階段并不是一個有效率的（例如200多米）和經常呈現高效的，能夠持續產生推進力和盡可能減少處于長的皮劃艇位置的時間游泳運動員的特征。

Autonomous underwater vehicles can mimic locomotion of aquatic animals - fishes that utilize oscillating foils as their propulsive elements . there are overwhelming advantages for them in speed , maneuverability , and noise over conventional man - made propeller 利用仿生水中生物魚類游動原理，可以制造出性能優良的水下推進系統，這種推進系統比現在所利用的螺旋槳在速度、機動性能和噪聲方面更為出色。

A swimmer who can apply propulsive forces , with the least amount of non - propulsive time between applications , will approach more closely an inertial swimmer , which will be the best form of swimming for energy conservation and allocation 一個能產生推進力并在運動過程中保持最少非推進時刻的游泳運動員將更加接近一個慣性的游泳運動員，也就是能在游泳的能量的保持與分配中擁有最佳形態的人。

Simulation results indicate that the closed - form guidance law with robustness is fit to the finite propulsive reentry mission and insensitive to the initial position errors , propulsion direction errors and observation errors 仿真結果表明，該閉路初制導能夠完成有限推力情況下的再入初制導任務，對初始位置誤差、推力方向偏差和測量誤差不敏感，具有一定的魯棒性和適應性。

Performing the complex sequence of movements that positions an effective propulsive surface requires the body to be in particular positions at certain times for the musculature of the shoulders and arms to be correctly employed 執行這些復雜的動作也就是使身體處于一個更有效地推進表面要求在每個姿態時要停留相應的時間以使肩膀和手臂的肌肉組織能被正確的應用。