P - promisee 中文 - EN166

promisee n.【法律】受約人。

promiser
From the view of third party , it is named the contract for the benefit of third party . but the parties of the contract for the benefit of third party yet are promisor and promisee , the third party is not the contract party . so it is not necessary for third party to have capacity to contract , to make acceptance , even to know it , when the contract is made 第三人利益合同并非是合同的一個獨特類型，它是合同內容中附有“利益第三人約款” ，從第三人的角度，將其稱為第三人利益合同，但是第三人利益合同的締結者仍然是約定人和受約人，因此第三人利益合同的成立，并不以第三人有行為能力為必要，也無需第三人承諾，甚至亦無需第三人知悉，只要第三人在合同履行時能確定即可。
Consideration is an important term in english and american contract law , and it is a body of rules enriched by the development of common law . there are many rules about consideration , among which the following may be most frequently mentioned : past consideration is no consideration ; consideration is provided by the promisee , though not necessarily to the promisor ; the adequacy and sufficiency of consideration 對價是英美合同法中的一個重要術語，有關對價的制度是隨著普通法的歷史發展而不斷豐富起來的規則體系，有關對價的規則主要有：既往對價不是對價；對價一般由受約人提供，但不一定提供給立約人；對價的充足與充分。
Firstly , this thesis elucidated the concept and characteristic of the mistake by analysing the system of mistake in different countries ’ legislation . the thesis considered that the individual of mistake should include bidder and promisee , the mistake don ’ t happen in the condition of the other side ’ s fraud and the mistake shoud happen as legal deed is valid 文章首先通過分析比較不同國家對錯誤的界定和認定來說明錯誤的內涵及其特征,指出錯誤的主體應包括表意人和受領人、錯誤非出于對方的欺詐、錯誤的發生應于法律行為成立之時等。
Secondly , over - emphasis on the economic development led to the absence of constitutional constraints of economic activities which brought many social and political problems and forced the ccp to make new amendments of the chinese constitution . finally , progresses reflected in certain articles of the chinese constitution will generate more contractual constraints on the ccp and the state , and as the promisee , whether and to what extents the ccp will put these new articles into effect are becoming a big challenge of its legitimacy 與此同時,政策性修憲所體現出來的“先發展后規范”的改革路徑,導致了改革是在缺乏既定的憲法性約束,甚至是在違憲的條件下展開的,從而引發了一系列的社會問題,這就進一步推動執政黨和國家以修憲的方式應對新的權利要求。