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prefrontal

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prefrontal adj.【解剖學】前額的，額葉前部的；前額骨的。n.前額...

adj. 【解剖學】前額的，額葉前部的；前額骨的。 n. 前額骨。 “prefrontal air“ 中文翻譯：   鋒前空氣“prefrontal area“ 中文翻譯：   額前區; 前額區“prefrontal artery“ 中文翻譯：   額前動脈“prefrontal bone“ 中文翻譯：   額骨鼻部“prefrontal cortex“ 中文翻譯：   前額皮質“prefrontal fog“ 中文翻譯：   鋒前霧“prefrontal leucotomy“ 中文翻譯：   前額白質切除術“prefrontal leukotomy“ 中文翻譯：   前額葉白質切斷術“prefrontal lobe“ 中文翻譯：   額前葉; 前額部分; 前額葉“prefrontal lobectomy“ 中文翻譯：   前額葉切斷術“prefrontal lobotomy“ 中文翻譯：   額葉前部切除術; 腦前額葉切除術; 前額葉腦葉切斷術; 前額葉切斷術“prefrontal region“ 中文翻譯：   額葉前區“prefrontal shower“ 中文翻譯：   鋒前陣雨“prefrontal thunderstorm“ 中文翻譯：   鋒前雷暴“prefrontal veins“ 中文翻譯：   額前靜脈“the thickness of the prefrontal“ 中文翻譯：   前額的“prefrontal association cortex“ 中文翻譯：   前額葉聯絡皮層“prefrontal bone of von bardeleben“ 中文翻譯：   上頜骨額突“prefrontal bones of von bardeleben“ 中文翻譯：   上頜骨額突,馮巴德勒本額骨“prefrontal lobe syndrome“ 中文翻譯：   前額葉綜合征; 前額葉綜合癥“prefrontal squall line“ 中文翻譯：   鋒前陣風線; 鋒前颮線“prefrin liquifilm“ 中文翻譯：   鹽酸苯福林液膜“prefreezing“ 中文翻譯：   預凍結“prefrationation“ 中文翻譯：   預分餾“preframe“ 中文翻譯：   預裝配“prefragmented warhead“ 中文翻譯：   預成破片彈頭

preganglionic

Bottom - up processing and feature detecting theory based on strong electrophysiological evidences has played a dominant role in the visual research for long time . people know top - down processing just by common sense . knowledge or experience are recalled from memory by reactivation of their neural representations and affected visual processes . however recently , researches from human and monkey provide experimental evidences for top - down processing . first , mnemonic representation of visual objects and faces , located in the ventral processing stream of visual perception in monkey , provide the best evidences of how neuronal codes are created by neurons that have the special ability to link the representations of temporally associated stimuli ; second , experiments suggest that not only bottom - up signals from the retina but also top - down signals from the prefrontal cortex can trigger the retrieval of associative codes , which may serve as a neural basis both for the conscious recall and for the visual processes affected by top - down processing further studies will improve people s understanding of the causal relation of activation and behavior by use of combined fmri and electrophysiology or lesion studies 聯想性編碼是通過學習由一些具有特殊功能的神經元建立的，這些神經元具有將時間性關聯刺激的表征聯系起來的能力。其次，不僅來自視網膜的底-頂信號，而且來自前額葉的頂底信號都能觸發聯想性編碼的提取，既可以作為有意識回憶的神經基礎，又是頂-底加工影響視覺過程的基礎。腦損傷病人研究具有高時間分辨率的人類功能性核磁共振成像functional magnetic resonance imaging , fmri和猴fmri研究以及猴細胞電生理分析相結合,將進一步加強人們對視覺腦機制的全面理解。

It has been reported that damage of prefrontal cortex produce poor cognitive function , poor judgment , planning and decision - making , reduce ability to learn and complete complex tasks and time order . patients with damaged prefrontal cortex ca n ' t make planning for future ( including social activity ) , ca n ' t manage common everyday life situations like buying food 臨床報告表明前額葉受損的患者許多高級功能明顯受到損害，如對行為的計劃、監督和調節能力下降、學會完成復雜任務和時間序列的能力下降，患者不能對未來的事件(包括社交活動)制定計劃，難以履行如購買食物這類日常事務等。

Recently the theory of executive control of pfc was emphasized , and also different behavior was adjusted by different executive function : the anterior cingulated cortex is thought to play a role in monitoring competition between two conflicting processes during task performance ; the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex participates in active suppres sion of inappropriate movement and behavior 以前的研究表明：前額葉是工作記憶的重要部位，背外側前額葉皮層( dosolateralprefrontalcortex )與物體形狀、顏色的工作記憶有關，而腹側前額葉( ventralprefrontalcortex )與物體空間位置的工作記憶有關。

It may also stimulate the prefrontal cortex regulating executive functions such as attention , working memory , planning and organizing , self monitoring , and motivation , resulting in a general improvement in learning abilities and enhancing the acquisition of new skills and behavioral changes during rehabilitation therapy 它也可以刺激額前皮質的執行調節功能，如注意力、記憶力、計劃和組織能力、自我監測、和動機，從而在康復治療中改善學習能力，提高獲得新技巧和行為的能力。

If , for instance , a person can be treated effectively only by performing a prefrontal lobotomy or by altering in some other more sophisticated fashion , his basic personality or identity , it might well be that punishment would have the virtue ( and it is no small one ) of leaving the individual intact 例如，如果只能通過做前腦葉切除手術或以其他更復雜的方式改變某人的基本的個性或特性才能有效的治療一個人，那么，懲罰可能更具有消除個人缺陷的美德（而且不是一個小的美德） 。

These systems include the ventral hippocampus , which is involved in context and focus on tasks , the amygdala , which mediates emotional behavior , and the prefrontal cortex , which modulates activity throughout the limbic system to enable behavioral flexibility 這些區域包括海馬腹側（參與背景和關注性的任務） ，杏仁核（介導情緒行為） ，以及額葉前部的皮層（調整邊緣系統的動作電位，調節行為的靈活性） 。

That said , the scientists looked at the marmoset ' s prefrontal cortex because earlier studies had shown that activity in the prefrontal cortex of human parents ? male and female alike ? increases when they see their own offspring 科學家們之所以關注絨猴的額前頁是因為此前的研究發現，當人類父母? ?不論男性與女性? ?看到他們的孩子的時候，在這個部位的神經活動都加強了。

That said , the scientists looked at the marmoset ' s prefrontal cortex because earlier studies had shown that activity in the prefrontal cortex of human parents ? male and female alike ? increases when they see their own offspring 研究稱，科學家研究絨猴的前額葉皮層，是因為先前有研究表明，當人類父母?不論男女?照看他們自己的子女時，他們的前額葉皮層的活動會增加。

Dr koenigs , ms young and their colleagues suspected that the seat of the runaway - railway - wagon paradox lies in that specific part of the prefrontal cortex , known as the ventromedial prefrontal cortex ( vmpc ) 科尼格斯博士與楊女士連同他們領導的科研組都猜測“失控的車-鐵路線-鐵路貨車的悖論”的決定因素在于前額皮質層的那個特殊地方，我們稱之為正中的前額皮質層。

But regardless of the type of joke , the subjects ' medial ventral prefrontal cortex always lit up . “ if you find the joke funny , the medial ventral prefrontal cortex will activate ; if you don ' t find it funny , it will not activate , “ goel says 高爾說： “如果你覺得那個幽默特別好笑，腦前葉下腹中軸皮層就被激活；如果你不覺得好笑，那么這個區域就不會被激活。 ”

The scent will naturally goes into your brain via the olfactory nerve and excite the prefrontal cortex to comfort your spirit . different essences combine together to diversify the scent and have their function doubled 自然的芳香經由嗅覺神經進入腦部后,可刺激大腦前葉,使精神呈現最舒適的狀態,不同的精油可互相組合,使得香味具有層次性,使精油的功能更強大

He says considerable development continues throughout the teen years and into the twenties . a part of the brain called the dorsal lateral - prefrontal cortex appears especially undeveloped in teens 他說貫穿青少年時期到進入第二十歲存在相當可觀的發展潛力繼續在這段時期中。被稱作大腦皮質層前額側北部分的大腦在青少年時期表現得尤為不發達。

These tests showed that joggers had a clear improvement in prefrontal function , ' ' kubota said , adding that scores began to fall again if participants stopped their running routine 慢跑12周后，跑步者所有測試評分按照完成測試所用的時間計算，均有顯著提高。研究人員指出：試驗參加者每次評估測試前后都沒有給與測試練習時間。

Caps studded with electrodes revealed that when subjects learned they had won or lost wagers , electrical activity was highest in the medial frontal cortex , situated behind the prefrontal cortex 由戴在頭上嵌有電極的頭罩記錄顯示，受試者在贏得或輸掉賭注之時，位于前額葉皮質后頭的內側額葉皮質，會出現最大量的電流活性。

The institute concentrates on the study of forming mechanism , physical process , forecasting technology of mesoscale heavy rain especially jianghuai meiyu front rain gush or heavy rain in prefrontal warmer area 研究重點是我國陸地暴雨，特別是江淮梅雨鋒暴雨和鋒前暖區暴雨，同時開展我國北方暴雨的比較研究。

The results reealed that the central bottleneck was caused by the inability of the lateral frontal and prefrontal cortex , and also the superior frontal cortex , to process the two tasks at once 結果顯示中樞瓶頸是由于同時處理兩件任務的側前方和額葉前部大腦皮層,以及額上皮層不能正常發揮功能所致。

They are associated with a particular part of the prefrontal cortex , an area of the brain that is much bigger in humans than in other mammal species 這些情緒的表象是與前額皮質層一個特殊地方密密相關的，這是大腦的一個部位，而人腦的這個部位會比哺乳動物的大得多。

At the same time , many studies showed that bpd patients had deficits on neurocognitive tasks considered sensitive to prefrontal dysfunction 許多研究認為邊緣型人格障礙患者具有獨特的認知風格，并存在顯著的神經認知功能損害，特別是執行功能損害。

They speculate that stronger messages prompt the lateral prefrontal cortex to jump into action , batting back the potentially distracting signals 他們推測當更大量的信息促使額側前葉皮層活躍起來時，潛意識中的令我們分神的信號自然被擋回去了。