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participant observation (社會學家等通過參加研究對象的活動進行的)現場觀察研究。

participate

If we study it with the methods traditional participant observations in a community , individual interview , cross - culture comparison research , historical documents research , and die method to study the history of thought and theory , and combine them together , then we could expatiates the patterns of manchu culture completely in the macro view , melt thinking mode , behavior , mental states , concept of values , thoughts and theories of manchu to a whole 只有將傳統的社區觀察法、個人訪談法、文化比較法、歷史文獻研究法、思想史研究方法相結合,才能從宏觀上全面地闡述滿族文化模式,把滿族的思維方式、行為心理、價值觀念和思想理論融為一個整體。 《滿族文化模式》 ( manjuuksurai (

This thesis uses combination of qualitative and quantitative methods , and combines questionnaire survey , participant observation and depth interview . in the range of a community , it describes specifically transformation of local people ' s producing and living patterns , changes of their ideology , customs and habits , social transformation and cultural adaptation in their migration experience , and keeping of community cohesion . then it sums up laws in eco - migration 與以往的研究不同,本文采用定性研究和定量研究相結合的方法,將問卷調查、參與觀察和深度訪談相結合,在一個社區范圍內,對移民搬遷后,人們的生產生活方式的轉變、思想意識和風俗習慣的變化、移民所經歷的社會變遷和文化適應、社區凝聚力的維持等進行詳細論述進而總結規律。

The process of participant observation and the field notes being taken into the frame of academic thinking , the dissertation will analyze the lingual and non - lingual communication , cultural conception and cultural identification , as well as the features of human nature when civilized , in the clues of language , culture and education . it also compares the changeable and unchangeable modalities , surface discontinuity and deep discontinuity 為了使在學校內外的參與觀察過程和田野筆記方便納入筆者的學術思維框架,本論文將在語言、文化和教育的三條線索之中,以大量實例和分析說明日本人在語言與非語言交流、文化的理念與認同、以及人性及其教化的特征。

The data for my thesis was collected during a collaborative action research project in which i worked with one teacher in a rural primary school of a minority poverty area in northwest china . we used methods of participant observation , in - depth interviews and object collection to trace the process of the implementation of research - based learning on the part of both the teachers and the students 本研究選擇西北少數民族貧困地區的一所農村小學,與當地的一位教師組成協同行動研究小組,運用參與式觀察、訪談、實物收集等多種方法,對教師與學生開展研究性學習活動的過程進行追蹤。

Based on the experience of native or foreign country , integrating the fact of local area and teaching experience of the experimental schools , the author began researching in the autumn in 2002 with the researching methods such as the participant observation , literature analysis , questionnaire survey , deep - seated interview etc . through the researching of this task , the author strives hard to provide the reference teaching material for the practical teachers and make greater progress of science curriculum 為此,筆者借鑒國內外經驗,結合本地區的實際和實驗學校一年多的教學經驗,運用課堂觀察、文獻分析、問卷調查及深度訪談等研究方法,在2002年秋季開始以理論與實踐為主線開展本課題的研究。力求通過本課題的研究,為一線教師提供一些可以借鑒的教學資源,促進《科學》課程的進一步發展。

The data used in this paper come from a research depending on methods such as questionnaire , interview participant observation and so on , which have been carried out in yan village of hebei providence 本文所依據的顏村養老數據和資料全部來自于2002年1月20日到3月1日的實際調查。這些資料和數據是通過深入訪談、問卷調查、走訪村委會、參與觀察等方式獲得的。

During the process of survey and writing , the author has employed such methods as interviews in depth of anthropology , participant observation , video records , comparative research and comprehensive analysis etc . the purpose of this research 在調查與文本寫作過程中,運用了人類學深度訪談、參與觀察、影像記錄、比較研究和綜合分析等方法。

The main method of this research is community study , and adopting participant observation , unstructured interview combine with survey of questionnaire in practice 本研究主要使用社區研究的方法,在具體實施過程中則采用參與觀察、深度訪談與問卷調查相結合的方式。

Non - participant observation 局外觀察非參與觀察