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oxbow n.〔美國〕U 字形牛頸彎;(河流的)U字形彎曲,河套(...

oxbridge

The trade - off problems arising from ecosystem modification is ubiquitous in sabah - absolutely polluted rivers , beautiful oxbow lakes eaten away by invasive alien freshwater hyacinths or salvinia molesta from south america and their resultant death through triplication , sedimentary blooms encroaching mangroves , coastal fishing grounds , unprecedented long and deeper flooding in the major river basins . take the ecosystem services away , mankind is as well dead . for instance , nutrient formation needed by man , water cycling , soil formation and soil retention , pollination of plants , resistance to invasive species , regulating climate and pests as well as pollution control by ecosystems are some of the critical ecosystem services 其實,沙巴最迷人的度假特色,還是周遭豐富繽紛的海底生態資源,馬來西亞7座海洋公園,就有4個位在沙巴沿海區域,包括亞庇西北165海里外的拉央拉央島layang - layang沙巴東南處的馬寶島mabul和卡巴賴島kapalai沙巴和汶萊灣岸外以北的納閩labuan ,以及亞庇海外由5座小島構成的東姑阿都拉曼國家公園tunku abdul rahman park islands 。