O - outbreed 中文 - EN166

outbreed vt.(-bred; -breeding)1.使進行遠系...

outbreeding
These observations show that reprogramming is easier in interspecific embryos reconstructed with es cells than that reconstructed with somatic cells , and that es cells have the higher ability to direct the reconstructed embryo development normally than fibroblast cells . oocytes were reconstructed with outbreeding kunming albino mouse es cells and enucleated rabbit oocytes , and the effects of the passages of es cells and 6 - dmap on the development of interspecific reconstructed oocytes were analyzed . the interspecific reconstructed es - rabbit oocytes were activated either by combined two set electric pulses and 6 - dmap or by two set electric pulses 以上結果顯示， 6 dmap能增加胚胎干細胞異種重構卵的卵裂率，對重構卵囊胚的發育率影響不大；高培養代數和低培養代數的胚胎干細胞用于異種核移植不影響異種重構卵的卵裂率和囊胚發育率；用胚胎干細胞作為供核細胞；比體細胞作為供核細胞所構建的異種重構胚更容易進行重編程，并且胚胎于細胞指導異種克隆胚胎正常發育的能力強于體細胞。
The optimal degree of outbreeding remained the same in every 25 - year generation since 1800 , although the overall number of children from marriages of every degree of relatedness did drop gradually over time ? an observation that accounts for part of iceland ' s demographic transition , and which probably has a social explanation 從19世紀開始，每25年一代的遠交的最優化程度一直沒變，盡管每一種親緣程度的婚姻的子女總數量在隨時間逐步下降冰島人口結構轉化顯而易見的一部分原因，另一部分解釋來自社會學角度。
Iop was significantly decreased by up to 1 . 8 mmhg ( po . 002 ) in age / litter matched mice lacking aqp1 and / or aqp4 in outbred gdi and inbred c57 / w6 genetic backgrounds , and aqueous fluid production was decreased by up to 0 . 9 pl / hr ( p < 0 . 05 ) 遠交系cdi鼠水通道蛋白（ aqpi和或aqp4 ）基因敲除后，在鼠齡和體重與野生鼠相同情況下，眼內壓降低了1 sinlnhg （ p 0 002 ），房水生成減少了0
At the same time , however , the propensity to choose someone with slightly similar genes can also avoid the problem of outbreeding - the mixing of genes that are too different 然而，與此同時，選擇稍微相似基因的人為配偶也能避免遠系繁殖_ _ _差異太大的基因組合問題。
There is also a general lowering of vigor in inbred stock ( inbreeding depression ) , which is especially pronounced amongst normally outbreeding populations 而雜合型出現的頻率降低，因而降低了種群基因的潛在可變性。
Selfing heterozygotes halves the heterozygosity , and thus outbreeding maintains heterozygosity and produces a more adaptable population 自交雜合子有一半雜合性，因此遠系繁殖可以產生適應能量更強的種群。
Changes to cancer genes endow the cell with one or more superpowers , allowing it to outbreed its neighbors 癌癥基因上頭出現的變化，賦予了細胞一或多種的超能力，使其比鄰近細胞長得更快。
Negative assorative mating occurs when dissimilar phenotypes breed together , leading to outbreeding 反向選型交配則發生在不相似的表型在一起生育時，可以導致異系交配。