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opioid

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opioid n.【藥學】類鴉片，假鴉片〔一種合成藥物，藥效類似嗎啡〕...

n. 【藥學】類鴉片，假鴉片〔一種合成藥物，藥效類似嗎啡〕。 “endogenous opioid“ 中文翻譯：   內源性阿片類物質“opioid abuse“ 中文翻譯：   類阿片濫用“opioid analgesics“ 中文翻譯：   麻醉性鎮痛劑“opioid antagonist“ 中文翻譯：   阿片類拮抗劑“opioid antagonists“ 中文翻譯：   阿片拮抗藥“opioid intoxication“ 中文翻譯：   阿片中毒“opioid ligand“ 中文翻譯：   阿片配體“opioid peptide“ 中文翻譯：   阿片肽; 嗎啡樣肽“opioid peptides“ 中文翻譯：   阿片樣肽“opioid recdptor“ 中文翻譯：   阿片類受體“opioid receptor“ 中文翻譯：   阿片類受體; 阿片受體“opioid receptors“ 中文翻譯：   阿片樣受體; 阿片樣物質受體“opioid region“ 中文翻譯：   嗎啡樣活性區“opioid withdrawal“ 中文翻譯：   阿片脫癮“opioid-tolerant“ 中文翻譯：   阿片耐受型“endogenous opioid peptide“ 中文翻譯：   內源性類阿片肽,內源性阿片樣肽,內啡肽“endogenous opioid peptides“ 中文翻譯：   內阿片肽; 內源性阿片肽“endogenous opioid system“ 中文翻譯：   內源性阿片樣系統“internal opioid peptide“ 中文翻譯：   內源性阿片樣肽“opioid intoxication delirium“ 中文翻譯：   阿片中毒性譫妄“opioid pain killers“ 中文翻譯：   阿片類止痛藥“opioid peptide family“ 中文翻譯：   類鴉片肽家族“opioid receptor-like“ 中文翻譯：   阿片受體樣“opioid receptor-like receptor“ 中文翻譯：   阿片受體樣受體“opiod“ 中文翻譯：   阿片炎“opiocortin“ 中文翻譯：   鴉片樣肽促皮激素原

opisometer

There are still some debates in the long - term opioid therapy of patients with cncp , mainly because of the consideration of its efficacy , adverse effects , and the risk of addiction . . in this article , we will discuss the basic knowledge of cncp , the evidence - based efficacy of opioid therapy , and legal regulation from the government 本文從非癌癥慢性疼痛的基本認知、鴉片類藥物的治療實證與使用指引，以及政府法規管制等方面作一討論，以作為醫護人員在臨床實務上的參考。

Results the number of myocardial and brain and opioid receptors significantly increased , and they were significantly associated with the decreased hemodynamic parameters such as mean arterial pressure ( map ) , left intraventricular systolic pressure ( lvsp ) , the maximal rate of the change of intraventricular pressure ( dp / dtmax ) and the area of p - dp / dt vector loop ( lo ) 結果創傷失血性休克后,大鼠心臟和腦和阿片受體數目明顯升高,親和力無明顯變化,心臟和腦的和阿片受體數目升高與創傷失血性休克后大鼠血流動力學指標下降呈顯著負相關。

Pretreatment with the phospholipase c inhibitor u73122 ( 5 umol / l ) significantly inhibited the il - 2 - induced depression of contraction . conclusion : it is concluded that the effect of il - 2 on contraction of ventricular myocytes is mediated via the cardiac k opioid receptor , and the post - receptor signal transduction pathway includes a ptx sensitive g protein and phospholipase c . 2 effect of interieukin - 2 on intracellular calcium tran 5 200u ffil ）濃度依賴性地降低單個心室肌細胞電刺激誘導的鈣瞬變幅度，使舒張末鈣水平升高； （ 2 ） il 2 （ 200u ml ）使咖啡因誘導的肌漿網內貯鈣的釋放降低： （ 3 ） 50偷i熱失活！

Methods with a model of traumatic hemorrhagic shock rat , the relationship between the changes of myocardial and brain , and opioid receptors and cardiovascular functions and effects of and opioid receptor antagonists on hemodynamic parameters of traumatic hemorrhagic shock rats were observed 方法用大鼠創傷失血性休克模型,觀察創傷失血性休克后大鼠心臟和腦,和阿片受體變化及其與血流動力學指標的變化的關系;觀察和阿片受體特異性拮抗劑對創傷失血性休克大鼠血流動力學指標的影響。

On the other hand , a positive inotropic response was induced by il - 2 in isolated rat atria , indirectly by activating myocardial 3 - adrenoceptors by release of catecholamines , and directly by increasing the production of second messenger camp . in the isolated rat heart , stimulation of cardiac k opioid receptors has been shown to induce ventricular ectopic beats and to reduce the force of ventricular contraction 通過文獻調研和我們的預實驗，我們假設， il - 2的心臟作用涉及心肌細胞收縮力和細胞內鈣的變化，其信號轉導途徑可能并非通過自身受體，而是通過存在于心肌細胞膜上的阿片受體發揮作用的；其對血管的作用可能循相關途徑。

Therefore , the purpose of the present study was to determine whether the opioid receptor and its downstream pathway are involved in the cardiovascular effect of il - 2 and whether the effect of il - 2 under physiological or pathological conditions is changed . 1 effect of interieukin - 2 on contraction of enzymatically isolated ventricular myocytes cytokines play significant roles in some cardiovascular disorders , but direct myocardial effects of cytokines remain to be elucidated （ 4 ）非選擇性阿片受體阻斷劑納洛酮（ nal ） （ 10nmol幾）和選擇性x阿片受體阻斷劑norbni （ 10nmol l ）預處理后，可阻斷il 2對心室肌細胞收縮的抑制作用，而選擇性5阿片受體阻斷劑納曲唄跺（ nti ）門卜r口）不能阻斷此作用。

Complex interactions between classical cytokines and opioids have been found in the nervous system . the neural effects of opioids can be changed by cytokines , while the effects of cytokines can be modulated by opioids . in pha - stimulated human lymphocytes , the opioid receptor antagonist , naloxone , blunted the effect of il - 2 （ 2 ） 200u mlil 2對心肌細胞作用5min即有明顯效應，引起dl dtmax 、 dl和dl dtlnax降低，舒張末期細胞長度縮短，隨作用時間延長，其對心室肌細胞的抑制作用增強。

Methodology : a systematic analysis of the literature was performed searching for randomized , controlled trials studying the effects of a combination of two non - opioid analgesics in order to reduce postoperative opioid requirements and / or postoperative pain 方法：系統分析了檢索出的相關文獻，這些文獻都是關于將兩種非阿片類鎮痛藥聯合應用以減少術后阿片類藥物需要量和/或減少術后疼痛的療效的隨機對照性研究。

Conclusion these results suggest that opioid receptors , especially and opioid receptors , are closely related to the pathogenesis of traumatic hemorrhagic shock , and they play an important role in the depression of cardiovascular function following traumatic hemorrhagic shock 結論和阿片受體在創傷失血性休克心血管功能抑制中起重要作用,參與了創傷失血性休克的發病過程。

A number of common therapeutic pitfalls await emergency care doctors who manage acute pain , including poor analgesic selection , opio ; hobia , analgesic underdosing , improper frequency , and the use of unnecessary opioid adjuncts 急診醫師在處理性疼痛的時候常犯種種的謬誤譬如止痛劑的不當選擇，擔心成癮，止痛劑量不足，不當的給藥途徑，不適當的給藥頻率，以及多馀的附加藥劑。

The aboe discussion on the relatiely late proliferation of opioid receptors and the primarily postnatal deelopment of inhibitory controls to spinal cord transmission , would lead most to conclude that opioids hae little impact on the fetus 以上關于阿片受體較晚形成和抑制控制功能出生后方可形成的討論，很容易得出這樣的結論：阿片劑對胎兒影響很小。

To facilitate comparisons between the trials , the relative ( proportional ) reduction of postoperative opioid administration and the relative reduction of postoperative pain were calculated on defined pain scales 為了便于在各試驗間進行比較，通過確定的疼痛尺度來計算相對的（成比例的）術后阿片類藥物需要的減少量以及術后疼痛的相對減少量。

Studies in human fetuses note opioid ( enkephalin - like ) immunoreactive fibers as early as 10 weeks ; moreover , mu and kappa receptors predominate at birth , with low densities of delta receptors 人類胎兒研究表明，阿片劑（類-腦腓肽）免疫反應纖維在10周左右即存在；而且，和受體在出生時占主導地位，受體則較少。

Studies in human fetuses note opioid ( enkephalin - like ) immunoreactie fibers as early as 10 weeks ; moreoer , mu and kappa receptors predominate at birth , with low densities of delta receptors 人類胎兒研究表明，阿片劑（類-腦腓肽）免疫反應纖維在10周左右即存在；而且，和受體在出生時占主導地位，受體則較少。

The nociceptin - induced current was not affected by tetrodotoxin ( ttx ; 1 um ; n = 4 ) and also by a non - specific opioid receptor antagonist , naloxone ( 1 um ; n = 4 ) 灌流m （ tetrodotoxm ； lqm ； n 4 ）和納洛酮（阿片類受體的非特異性桔抗劑； l卜n 4 ）均對nociceptin誘致的外向電流也不產生任何作用。

However , it is still unclear whether a combination of different non - opioids has an advantage in terms of an improved analgesia and / or a reduction of the opioid - related adverse effects 然而，對于這種將不同非阿片類鎮痛藥聯合應用，是否有助于改善鎮痛療效和/或減少阿片類藥物相關的副作用尚不清楚。

The characteristics of inverse agonists acting on different receptors including h2 , h3 , . opioid , adrenergic , and 5 - ht ( subscript ( 1b ) ) receptors are discussed in this paper 本文介紹了作用于h2受體， h3受體， -阿片受體，腎上腺素能-受體， 5 -羥色胺受體反向激動劑的作用特徵。

Opioid receptors stably expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells in saturation binding experiments and were followed by competition binding experiments with a variety of new synthesized opioid receptor ligands 細胞的受體的結合特性，觀察新配基對特異性阿片受體亞型的激動作用。

Background : the supplementation of an opioid by a non - opioid analgesic is a widely accepted technique for the treatment of postoperative pain 背景：一種阿片類鎮痛藥追加一種非阿片類鎮痛藥是一種公認的術后疼痛的治療方法。