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oncogene

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oncogene n.致癌基因。

n. 致癌基因。 “cell oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   細胞腫瘤基因“cellular oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   細胞癌基因“immortalizing oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   永生化癌基因“myc oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   myc癌基因“oncogene detection“ 中文翻譯：   癌基因檢測“oncogene expression“ 中文翻譯：   癌基因表達“oncogene hypothesis“ 中文翻譯：   腫瘤基因假說“oncogene theory“ 中文翻譯：   致癌基因學說,致腫瘤基因學說“recessive oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   隱性癌基因“retroviral oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   逆轉錄簿致癌基因“suppressor oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   癌抑制基因“v-oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   簿癌基因“viral oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   簿癌基因; 簿致瘤基因“virus oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   簿癌基因“virus-oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   簿腫瘤基因,簿癌基因“activated proto-oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   細胞轉化基因,活化的原癌基因“bcl2 oncogene protein“ 中文翻譯：   bcl2致癌基因蛋白“cellular proto-oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   細胞原癌基因“cellular proto-oncogene bcl2“ 中文翻譯：   細胞原致致癌基因bcl2“cellular proto-oncogene myc“ 中文翻譯：   細胞原致致癌基因myc“dominant negative oncogene“ 中文翻譯：   顯性負相癌基因“dominant oncogene mutations“ 中文翻譯：   顯性癌基因突變“fusion oncogene protein“ 中文翻譯：   融合致癌基因蛋白“myb oncogene family“ 中文翻譯：   myb癌基因家族“oncofetal substance“ 中文翻譯：   癌性物質“oncofetal antigen“ 中文翻譯：   瘤胎抗原; 腫瘤胚胎性抗原物質

oncogenesis

The members of src family are non - receptor tyrosine kinases . their make an important function in a complex network of intracellular signals , such as cell growth , proliferation , transformation , apoptosis , and cell adhesion , migration . the fact that src was discovered as an oncogene suggests that src could closely involvement in cancer 而今， src已發展成為包括九個成員在內的激酶家族，隸屬于非受體酪氨酸激酶，是細胞信號轉導途徑中一類重要的信號分子，調控細胞的生長，增殖，凋亡，細胞黏附與遷移等一系列功能。

For example , as a direct toxic effect , periodontal viruses and bacteria and their products ( endotoxins or enzymes , for example ) are toxic to surrounding cells and may directly induce mutations in tumor suppressor genes and proto - oncogenes or alter signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation or survival of epithelial cells 例如，作為直接毒性作用，牙周病毒和細菌及在細胞周圍其產生的毒性物質（例如，類毒素或酶類）可直接誘導腫瘤抑制基因和原癌基因突變或者改變細胞信號傳導通路從而影響上皮細胞增殖或存活。

On the other hand , the expression is repressed by the proto - oncogenes n - myc and c - myc , and in some cases the expression is also repressed by testosterone or dihydrotestosterone ( androgen ) at mrna level infering from all the references that can be obtained , the functions of ndrg family may be involved in cellular differentiation events > maintaining the balance of cell redox potential ( in oxidative stress condition or biological conversion process ) , or counteracting cell malignant transformation , and so on 綜合己有的文獻，推測ndrg家族可能參與細胞生長分化、維持細胞氧化還原電勢平衡（氧化應激或生物轉化） 、阻止腫瘤細胞惡化等。因此，研究其在細胞中的具體功能以及可能的信號通路將具有非常重要的意義。深人研究ndrgz在體內的組織細胞和亞細胞水平分布特點及其功能，需要高效價和高特異性的ndrgz抗體。

Pp38 was found to have immunosuppressive effect on chicken in vivo and the copy number of 132 - bpr was found to be associated with the attenuation of the virus in vitro , meq was believed to be a potential oncogene , based on its leucine zipper structure and proline - rich domain characteristic of jun / fos family of transcription factors , and may plays an important role in the pathogenicity or oncogenicity of mdv 其中， meq與132 - bpr兩個基因是mdv - 1所特有，已證實132 - bpr的拷貝數與毒株的體外致弱程度有關， pp38則被證實可抑制機體的免疫應答。 meq基因由于具有與致瘤基因jun fos家族類似的分子結構，因此，我們有理由認為meq基因在mdv致病、致瘤中可能發揮重要的作用。

For example , as a direct toxic effect , periodontal iruses and bacteria and their products ( endotoxins or enzymes , for example ) are toxic to surrounding cells and may directly induce mutations in tumor suppressor genes and proto - oncogenes or alter signaling pathways that affect cell proliferation or surial of epithelial cells 例如，作為直接毒性作用，牙周病毒和細菌及在細胞周圍其產生的毒性物質（例如，類毒素或酶類）可直接誘導腫瘤抑制基因和原癌基因突變或者改變細胞信號傳導通路從而影響上皮細胞增殖或存活。

In order to find an explanation and to determine the possible mechanism of these biological effects , many in vitro and in vivo studies of emf effects have been published . these studies were involved in many enzymes ( such as odc , succinate dehydrogenase , pkc ) , pro - oncogene ( c - myc , c - fos , etc . ) , gap junction and protein synthesis , and so on 為了揭示工頻磁場生物效應的機制，尤其是與腫瘤發生發展的關系，人們開展了較為廣泛的體內及體外的實驗研究，涉及到各種生物酶類( odc 、琥珀酸脫氫酶、 pkc等) 、原癌基因( c - myc 、 c - fos等) 、細胞間縫隙連接及蛋白合成等方面。

In recent years , studies indicated these molecular markers mainly involved : oncogenes and tumor - suppressor genes mutate or rearrange in some thyroid neoplasms ; the exceptional increasing on the activity of telomerase ; the special proteins which are related to cell cycle regulation or adhesion express excessively ; as well as some special matter which is discovered recently 近年研究表明這些分子標志物主要涉及癌基因或抑癌基因的突變或重排；端粒酶活性的異常增高；一些與細胞周期調控或與粘附有關的特殊蛋白的表達；以及一些新發現的特異物質。

Rapl belongs to ras superfamily of small gtp - binding proteins , which is considered to control cell growth , differentiation and survival . rapl was regarded as an antagonist of ras because it can revert the phenotype of oncogene ras transformed cells . recent researches show that rapl has its ras - independent functions in a variety of cellular systems besides its effect as an antagonist of ras Rap1除具有逆轉原癌基因ras激活突變體所導致的細胞形態改變而被認為是ras的拮抗物外，最近的研究還發現rap1在一系列的細胞系統中有獨立于ras之外的功能，如控制與細胞粘附有關的事件等，因而成為研究的熱點。

Curcumin has been shown to induce a wide variety of tumor cells by several mechanisms , mainly including modulation of the expression of oncogenes and cancer suppressor genes , down - regulation the activation of transcription factors , via many signal transduction pathways , and the modulation of cell cycle . provides an overview of domestic and international apoptosis mechanisms of malign tumor cells induced by curcumin in order to better explore and open up new avenues of cancer treatment 姜黃素能夠誘導多種腫瘤細胞系凋亡,其機制主要是調控癌基因和抑癌基因,下調多個轉錄因子活性,通過多種信號轉導途徑,誘發細胞周期停滯而誘導細胞凋亡.對近年來姜黃素誘導細胞凋亡的機制進行綜述,以便更好地探求和開辟治療惡性腫瘤的新途徑。

Recent research includes molecular mechanism of microcirculatory disturbance and its experimental therapy , influence of tnf alpha on endothelial cell injury and oncogene expression , therapeutic effects of lingzhi on microcirculation disturbance and circulatory endothelial cell 多年來主要從事微循環障礙的分子機制及實驗治療研究，曾參加tnf對內皮細胞損傷及癌基因表達的變化、中藥靈芝改善微循環及循環內皮細胞的研究。

Changes in p - catenin expression or localization were found in cancer cells and tumor tissues , it had been reported that p - catenin translocated from membrane at the normal condition into the cytosol or nucleus in cancer cells . recently , p - catenin has been referred to an oncogene 研究發現，癌變的細胞中-連環蛋白的分布發生了異常，由胞膜轉移到胞漿和胞核，因此，已把-連環蛋白歸為一個新的癌基因。

Occurrence of liver carcinoma is a synergistic action by multiple factors which include virus infection , carcinogen , oncogene activation , anti - oncogene inactivation , liver cell apoptosis , failure of proliferation regulation and so on 肝癌的發生是一個多因素協同作用的過程，這個過程中包括病毒感染、致癌物的作用、癌基因的激活和抑癌基因的失活、肝細胞的凋亡和增殖調節失控等多因素多環節。

Studies on the regulations of steroids , receptors and proto - oncogenes during the follicle development , and studies on these multual relations , have great significance in the study on the mechanism of the oocyte development 性類固醇激素及其受體、原癌基因在卵泡發育周期中的作用、以及三者之間相互關系的研究，在卵子發育機制的研究中具有重要的意義。

Neoplasia , or uncontrolled cellular proliferation , can result either from mutations that “ turn on “ the oncogenes that stimulate growth , or from mutations that result in loss of tumor suppressor genes and their products that inhibit growth 腫瘤或失去控制的細胞增生是由于突變使癌基因啟動從而促使增生，或者由于腫瘤抑制基因和腫瘤抑制基因產物的缺失。

Objective , clone tissue - type plasminogen activator ( t - pa ) gene and construct a new kind of recombinant vector containing human tissue - type plasminogon activator ( t - pa ) cnda neither cytotoxiaty nor actovating prot - oncogenes 目的：克隆組織纖溶酶原激活物( t - pa )基因并構建一種無細胞毒性、不激活原癌基因的真核表達的pcdna3 . 1 ( + ) / t - pa質粒載體。

8p22 of human chromosome is an region with abundant disease - related genes . it is said that it is susceptible loci of hypertension and schizophrenia . the region is also the loci of oncogene and tumor su - pressor gene 人染色體8p22區是疾病基因富含區域，有報道說該區域是高血壓、精神分裂癥等疾病的易感位點，也是癌基因和抑癌基因的研究熱點。

Although inactivation of some tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and p16ink4a has been identified , no known oncogene is commonly activated in hepatocellular carcinomas 肝癌是亞洲及非洲最常見的惡性腫瘤，其原因可能是由于這些地區肝炎病毒的流行以及經常接觸肝癌的特異性致癌物質。

The researchers make great progress in the early 1970s , when they discovered that oncogenes , which are cncer - causing genes , are inactive in normal cells 譯：研究者早在70年代的時候取得了很大的進展，當時他們發現致癌基因，即那些可以引起癌癥的基因，在正常細胞中是不活動的。

Moreover , some oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are also important in cell cycle regulation ; those include myc , ras , p53 , p21 and p16 另外，癌基因和抑癌基因也在細胞周期調控中起到關鍵作用，癌基因如： myc ， ras等；抑癌基因如： p53 ， p21 ， p16等等。