N - needham 中文

needham n.尼達姆〔姓氏〕。

needily
Inspired by the “ needham question ” , this essay argues that , if research focuses switch from the negative question “ why modern science did not happen in china ” to the positive question “ why china was more efficient in applying knowledge about nature to human needs ” , then we can develop social and culturally oriented studies of chinese science 本文從“李約瑟問題”得到啟發，認為如果把注意力從反問題“近代科學為什么沒有在中國發生”轉移到正問題“為什么中國文明在把人類對自然界的知識應用于人類實際需要上比西方文明更有效得多”上來，則可以發展社會學與文化取向的中國科學史研究。
Therefore the emergence and development of the culture of science and technology can be traced back to the initial conditions of geography and climate , viewed as the factor of internal fluctuation from the sensitiveness of the random choices of the cognitive subject to the initial conditions . since a culture has a pivotal component as its core , once the culture of science and technology comes into being under nonlinear interactions of the social subsystems , the core component functions in the same manner as order parameter in the self - organization system , immensely attracting , regulating and controlling others under the slaving principle . and thus the analysis provides a nonlinear approach to the needham ' s problem 對于任何思想文化傳統而言，其形成和延續都有其現實的物質生活的根源，因而，對于科技文化的產生和發展，我們能夠返回到其發生的原點? ?即地理氣候等初始條件，從認知主體的隨機性選擇對初始狀態的敏感性方面，視其為科技文化產生的內漲落因素，考察其對科技文化形成的影響；而一種文化之所以稱其為文化，必有其全局控制力的核心因素，科技文化是在社會各子系統非線性的相互作用下形成，其核心因素所發揮的作用就如同序參量在自組織系統中的作用那樣，在支配原理的作用下起著規范、引導和支配等效用。
Inspired by the “ needham question ” , this essay argues that , if research . htm focuses switch from the negative question “ why modern science did not happen in china ” to the positive question “ why china was more efficient in applying knowledge about nature to human needs ” , then we can develop social and culturally oriented studies of chinese science 本文從“李約瑟問題”得到啟發，認為如果把注意力從反問題“近代科學為什么沒有在中國發生”轉移到正問題“為什么中國文明在把人類對自然界的知識應用于人類實際需要上比西方文明更有效得多”上來，則可以發展社會學與文化取向的中國科學史研究。
My doctoral thesis is based on the study of knowledge economy and the “ joseph needham riddle , “ to conclude that even though our country have made a rapid progress in the fields of science and techniques , there remains a big difference between our country and the developed countries 本文以知識經濟為背景，以“李約瑟之謎”為切入口，指出我國盡管在科學技術方面有了快速發展，但與發達國家相比，仍有很大的差距。形成這些差距有多種原因，但其中心是忽視知識轉化。
In order to broaden the horizon of the research and to acquire a profounder understanding of the issue , the paper on the one hand dates back to the original thought by needham in an attempt to approaching to the problem in needham ' s own perspective . and on the other the paper tries surveying the problem in the light of modern nonlinear views so as to grasp the essence and overcome the needham ' s paradigm . any cultural tradition can be ascribed to the material life 為了能更好地拓展思考和研究的疆域，本文一方面力圖將人們的視野拉向歷史和文化的深處，從李約瑟本人的視域和構想出發對該問題重新加以考察，以期能更好地完成對“李約瑟難題”的深層解讀；另一方面通過在新的時代條件下從非線性科學中所得到的重要啟示，試圖以一種全新的非線性視角來看待這一問題，使我們能更準確地把握到該問題的內涵，進而為翻越“李約瑟似的大山”提供可能。
We research different kinds of formal methods , particularly study the mechanism of symbolic model checking tool smv , and finally we decide to adopt smv as the tool for the model checking of security protocols . with smv , we model check the authentication version of needham - schroeder public key protocol and woo and lam ij symmetric key protocol 本文研究了驗證安全協議的各種形式化方法，詳細研究了符號化模型檢驗工具smv的工作機制；確定了使用smv作為工具對安全協議進行模型檢驗，驗證了認證版needham - schroeder公鑰協議和wooandlam對稱鑰協議。
During the modeling and verification of the authentication version of needham - schroeder public key protocol with smv , we get more comprehension on the theory of symbolic model checking and small system model , and finally find a flaw in this protocol that corresponds with the one that gavin lowe found with fdr 通過使用smv對needham - schroeder公鑰協議進行建模和驗證，理解了符號化模型檢驗和小系統模型的原理，并發現了一個協議漏洞，該漏洞與gavinlowe用fdr所發現的相一致。
First , this paper introduces the notation , categories and properties of security protocols , and formal methods to verify security protocols and small system model . the emphasis is the research and analysis of the principle of the model checking method . we study the mechanism and syntax of symbolic model checking tool smv , model check the authentication version of needham - schroeder public key protocol and woo and lam ij symmetric key protocol 文章主要介紹了安全協議的概念、分類和性質，安全協議的形式化驗證方法，以及小系統模型的原理；重點分析和研究了符號化模型檢驗工具smv的原理和語法及其對安全協議進行模型檢驗時的工作機理，而且使用smv對needham - schroeder公鑰協議和wooandlam對稱鑰協議進行了形式化建模與模型檢驗，發現了它們的安全漏洞。
Firstly , on the basis of analysis of needham ' s own investigation method and premise , the paper makes a study on the various solutions to needham ' s problem both at home and abroad . with regard to its deficiencies , it further explains the possibility and feasibility of nonlinear study upon the problem and makes a philosophical analysis of the nonlinear explanation 在對李約瑟本人的研究思路和前提假設利弊評析的基礎上，對國內外“李約瑟難題”的解決方案進行了分析；進而，針對其不足，闡明了非線性研究視角轉向的可能性和現實性，并求華才嘗頤星早蓉靈“孕洶久琴磁題”劣淤鰭邏澎尹對非線性解釋進行了哲學分析。
A nonlinear study on the joseph needham ' s problem the joseph needham ' s problem , certainly viewed as a current focus , has made the researchers from east to west greatly interested in the research of the science and technology history and the cultural contrast between the west and the east . there have been various tentative solutions to the problem including skeptics and analysis . as far as general direction of research and methods is concerned , however , there still exist some irrational aspects of those study , i . e . the discussion of the problem is either in a state of controversies without any breakthrough or is deviated to some trivial conclusions 在中西科技文化比較和科技史的研究中， “李約瑟難題”無疑是一個亮點，倍受中西方學者青睞，對該問題嘗試性地解決以及種種質疑和分析也層出不窮，但就其總體研究方向和方法而言，也仍然存在不少不盡合理之處，對該問題的討論或處于重復爭論、缺乏新的進展的膠著狀態，或被引申到與初始目的相距甚遠的一些枝節性的結論上。
In the form of a memoir , this autobiography is well worth reading , for it contains a great deal of first - hand information concerning the overseas studies on chinese science and technology over the past fifty years , but also because of ho ' s close relationship with joseph needham and the needham research institute , and in addition because it presents a full picture of his own remarkable character 這本回憶錄非常值得一讀，不僅因為書中包含了大量的第一手資料和珍貴信息，有助于我們了解海外中國科技史研究近五十年來的發展，尤其是有關李約瑟研究所近年來的發展動向及其背景，更因為從這本書，我們可以深切地感受到一位海外學人對中國科技史研究長達半個世紀的執著和眷戀之情。
Academic exchanges between drs . joseph talking with the expert of the institute is the needham and lu gwei - djen , both celebrated famous japanese sinologist domei yakazu specialists of history of science and technology , and medical historians of the academy 英國著名科技史專家李約瑟博士魯日本著名漢醫學家矢數道明先生桂珍博士與我院醫史專家進行學術交流與我所中醫文獻專家進行學術交流
Knowledge structure approach to verification of authentication protocols . science in china , series e : information sciences , april 2005 , 35 : 337 - 351 . 14 needham r m , schroeder m d . using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers 為了使協議的驗證過程全自動,我們給出了對任意協議的處理算法,即給出一個協議,如何具體生成相關的信息集合,如何生成變量和所有的公理集
Using the 1940s ' diary of chu ko - chen ' s , then president of chekiang university , which has been published in its entirety only recently , this paper attempts to examine the detailed times , places and situations of the meetings between chu and needham during that period 摘要主要依據新近公開的竺可楨日記中的第一手資料，對20世紀40年代竺可楨與李約瑟之間的互動關系作一初步探討。
Mr john needham , president of fortune - time inc , said , “ we were honoured that the hong kong convention and exhibition centre , one of the world s great facilities , was the site of the 2001 fortune global forum 時代《財富》雜志主席johnneedham先生認為：能在香港會議展覽中心，這全球其中一所最具規模的會議設施內舉行2001 《財富》全球論壇，我們感到十分榮幸。
Chinese scholars ' studies on the joseph needham puzzle can offer much enlightenment , especial on how to do academic researches , how to recognize the academic standard and value and how to do researches with a scientific attitude 我國學術界對“李約瑟難題”的研究對于我們如何進行學術研究，如何正確認識學術標準和學術價值，以科學的態度研究學術具有重要的借鑒意義。
Mr john needham , president of fortune - time inc , said , “ we were honoured that the hong kong convention and exhibition centre , one of the world s great facilities , was the site of the 2001 fortune global forum 時代《財富》雜志主席johnneedham先生認為：能在香港會議展覽中心，這全球其中一所最具規模的會議設施內舉行2001 《財富》全球論壇，我們感到十分榮幸。
Joseph and the puzzle of china myth have been explained in the end . we conclude that : 1 . no construction of the effective system of property rights is the key to explain the puzzle of needham 最后，對李約瑟之謎與中國奇跡之謎進行了解釋，得出的結論是： 1 、沒有建立有效的產權體系是破解李約瑟之謎的關鍵； 2 、不斷進行制度創新是破解中國奇跡之謎的關鍵。
The proposed methodology is different from many previous approaches to automatic verification of security protocols in that it is justification - oriented instead of falsification - oriented , i . e . , finding bugs in a protocol 由burrows , abadi和needham提出的ban邏輯及類ban邏輯曾在應用認知邏輯驗證安全協議上作出了嘗試

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needham

needham n.尼達姆〔姓氏〕。

needily