M - muckrake 中文 - EN166

muckrake n. 糞耙；〔比喻〕愛好丑聞(the man with ...

muckraker
The boom in economy at the end of the 19th century created many millionaires who were able to establish foundations . the cultural and religious traditions , the “ muckraking “ during the progressive era and the rising of labor movement in the world also contributed to the establishment of philanthropic foundations . in their one - hundred - year history , philanthropic foundations grew more prosperous and influential and became one of the important actors in the political arena of the united states 19世紀末美國經濟的快速增長造就了一批百萬富翁，他們有了創辦慈善基金會的財力，美國文化與宗教中鼓勵捐贈、譴責貪婪的傳統成為這些百萬富翁創辦慈善基金會的內驅力，當時的政治形勢，尤其是“進步主義”和“黑幕揭發”運動以及國際工人運動的高漲，是促使富翁們創辦慈善基金會的外驅力，這多種因素的結合催生了美國的現代慈善基金會。
2 . based on the analysis of the criticism , a conclusion is drawn that it was during the muckraking movement that the occurrence of the american journalism in a real sense came into existence 2 .本文通過對“耙糞運動”時期媒介批評的分析，得出結論:美國真正意義上的媒介批評肇始于“耙糞運動”時期。
Sinclair lewis stands almost alone as the connecting link between muckraking novelists of the progressive era and social novelists of the new deal period 辛克萊?劉易斯，幾乎是進步時代揭發黑幕的小說家和新政時期社會小說家之間唯一承上啟下的人物。
In this abstract , the criticism during muckraking movement , which is a separate part in the thesis , is included in that of the commercial media 需要說明的是， “耙糞運動”時期的媒介批評，在摘要中包括在對商業報刊批評的范圍內。
Theodore roosevelt and american muckraking movement 羅斯福的新聞思想
American muckraking traditions in the late 19th century 19世紀下半葉美國黑幕揭發傳統
Sinclair lewis stands almost alone as the connecting link between muckraking novelists of the progressive era and social novelists of the new deal period . 辛克萊劉易斯，幾乎是進步時代揭發黑幕的小說家和新政時期社會小說家之間唯一承上啟下的人物。
Contemporaneous with muckraking in magazine journalism was the proliferation of a fictional literature dedicated to the cause of democracy . 與雜志上的黑幕揭發同時，一種獻身于民主事業的小說創作正在蓬勃發展之中。
He muckrakes at every opportunity . 他不放過揭發貪污的任何機會。