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meristem

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meristem n.【植物；植物學】分生組織。

n. 【植物；植物學】分生組織。 “adaxial meristem“ 中文翻譯：   近軸分生組織“angle meristem“ 中文翻譯：   角隅分生組織“apical meristem“ 中文翻譯：   頂端分身組織; 頂端分生組織“axillary meristem“ 中文翻譯：   腋生分生組織“detached meristem“ 中文翻譯：   離生分生組織; 離脫分生組織“file meristem“ 中文翻譯：   肋狀分生組織“flanking meristem“ 中文翻譯：   側面分生組織“fundamental meristem“ 中文翻譯：   基本分裂組織; 基本分生組織“generative meristem“ 中文翻譯：   生殖分生組織“ground meristem“ 中文翻譯：   【植物；植物學】基本分生組織。 “intercalary meristem“ 中文翻譯：   居間分生組織“laminar meristem“ 中文翻譯：   片狀分生組織“lateral meristem“ 中文翻譯：   側生分生組織“linear meristem“ 中文翻譯：   線形分生組織“marginal meristem“ 中文翻譯：   邊緣分生組織“meristem arthrospore“ 中文翻譯：   分生節孢子“meristem arthrospores“ 中文翻譯：   分生節孢子“meristem blastospore“ 中文翻譯：   分生芽孢子“meristem culture“ 中文翻譯：   分生組織培養“meristem extract“ 中文翻譯：   被子植物萃取“meristem mantle“ 中文翻譯：   分生組織外套“meristem phialospore“ 中文翻譯：   分生瓶梗孢子“meristem region“ 中文翻譯：   分生組織區“meristem spore“ 中文翻譯：   分生梗孢子“meristells“ 中文翻譯：   小雙弓貝“meristella“ 中文翻譯：   小雙分貝屬; 小雙弓貝屬

merit

By comparison of the four methods : simple freezing of proliferating meristems , vitrification of proliferating meristems , vitrification of isolated meristems , and droplet vitrification of isolated meristems for cryopreservation of meristems in banana , it is concluded that the droplet vitrification might be the best applicable protocol to “ musa “ germplasm 并分析了當前應用在香蕉分生組織上的4種超低溫保存方法的優缺點，分別為：分生組織團簡單凍存法、分生組織團玻璃化法、單個分生組織玻璃化法、滴凍玻璃化法，認為滴凍玻璃化法效果最好。

Signals were strong in the cell periphery of procambium , and longitudinal signals were stronger than lateral ones ; in root ground meristem cytoplasm , concentration in the perinuclear region was stronger than one in the cell periphery . in cell periphery of root ground meristem , distribution of actin mrna was heterogeneous , longitudinal signals were stronger than lateral ones ; in callus meristem cytoplasm , concentration in the perinuclear region was low ; 這表明，從棉花愈傷組織薄壁細胞到鳥巢狀管胞團再到正常苗的過程中肌動蛋白mrna的分布和濃度都有明顯的變化，而在這里愈傷組織在分化到鳥巢狀管胞團后就不再繼續發育，因而推測，肌動蛋白mrna分布和濃度可能影響愈傷組織分化出正常的植株。

Positive probe was made from the floral meristem materials cultured for 5 days and 10 days with hormones by rna reverse transcription and labelling with radioactive dctp ; two negative probes from uncultured explants and it cultured for 5 days and 10 days . then , we did calculating signal arrays , sequencing , sequence analysis and alignments on genebank etc . finally 229 different ests were got from the cdna library 用在含有外源激素的培養基上培養5天(花分生組織開始形成)和10天(花分生組織已基本形成)的風信子外植體為材料，構建起cdna文庫。利用cdnamicroarrray技術，經過雜交篩選和est分析序列分析，最終從cdna文庫中獲得了229個不同的外源激素誘導響應的基因序列。

In this paper the floral ontogeny and the ovary development of rivina humilis l . were observed . the results showed that ( 1 ) the tepal primordia initiated in 2 / 5 spirals . the abaxial one initiated first , then the adaxial one , finally the lateral two initiated nearly simultaneously . the third one initiated on the position near the first tepal , and there is a gap between itself and the second tepal . ( 2 ) the 4 stamineal primordia initiated in one whorl at the same time . ( 3 ) the carpellary primordium initiated from the abaxial side of flower primordium ; the carpellary primordium grew upwards and towards axis after it was formed , therefore an elliptic orifice was formed at the adaxial position of ovary , which was the remainder of the mouth of ovary before the ovary was fused completely . with the ovary maturing , the orifice was narrowed because of the ovary growth , at last fused completely . the gynoecium is composed of a single carpel . ( 4 ) in the series developmental sections of ovary , the ovular primordium was initiated on the adaxial meristem when the mouth of ovary was formed 對數珠珊瑚的花器官發生和子房的發育過程進行了觀察.結果表明: ( 1 )數珠珊瑚花被呈2 / 5螺旋狀發生,遠軸側的1枚先發生,其次為近軸側的1枚發生,最后側方的2枚花被幾乎同時發生,第3枚花被在靠近第1枚的位置發生,第2枚和第3枚之間有1個空隙; ( 2 ) 4枚雄蕊是同時發生的; ( 3 )心皮發生于分生組織的遠軸側,心皮原基形成后,向上向軸生長,在子房成熟前在近軸側非正中位形成1個孔,該孔為心皮最終愈合前的殘跡,到子房成熟時,因子房的生長孔被擠壓縮小,在進一步的生長過程中愈合.子房由1枚心皮構成; ( 4 )從子房發育過程的切片看,該植物的胚珠是在子房發生后不久發生的,子房上的圓孔形成時,從近軸側的分生組織發生胚珠原基,由胚珠原基分化出珠被與珠心

The article overviews the principles , methods , the effect factors of the tip meristem culture of sweet potatoes and its research progress , and points out the problem that it is unknown widely , its composition of culture medium is different because of varietal difference , virus infects sweet potatoes again and production cost is high 摘要綜述了甘薯莖尖分生組織培養的原理、方法、影響因素及其研究進展，指出了莖尖組織培養存在的未被廣泛認識、由于品種差異造成的培養基成分不同、病毒再侵染、生產成本高等問題。

Labeling tunel method . the cell ultrastructural changes were similar to apoptosis in animal cells : the apical meristemetic cells underwent the programmed cell death . this was first detected in the apex cells of apical meristem , while peripheral cells differentiated gradually into different parts of a floral bud . but all the cells in the floral bud were subjected to the pcd process before it developed into a complete flower . 140bp dna fragment was found to deposit in apical bud during the plant development . the most important role of caspase - 8 was detected by western blot , and the expression of the procaspase - 8 was time - related with the dna frgmentation and the transformation from vegetative to the reproductive growth . these results suggested that pcd was an active process during the differentiation of apical meristem , and the senescence observed in the apical bud was due to the pcd process 顯微超微結構研究表明，短日照條件下豌豆頂芽的衰老過程是從營養生長錐向花芽的轉化，而用dna原位末端標記tunel caspase - 8 western blot和140 bp dna片斷積累的試驗結果證明，轉化為花芽的整個生長錐細胞發生了編程性死亡pcd ，而且其最頂端部分細胞首先發生pcd ，而頂端周圍的分生組織細胞逐漸分化出花芽的各部分，但頂芽最后并沒有發育成為完整的花，所有細胞就都發生pcd ，從而頂芽衰老。

7 - 10 days “ seedlings after the seeds germinated , the meristem in the stem apex functioned to form true leaf primordium , meanwhile , the vessel elements which differentiated from parenchymatous cells of the middle and upper portion of the cnz connected with the vessel elements from procambium of epcotyl - shoot region 種子萌發7 - 10天，幼苗的莖端分生組織活動形成真葉雛形，此時由子葉節區中、上部薄壁細胞的轉分化形成的導管分子與上胚軸-苗區原形層形成的導管分子發生連接。

We studied development mechanism by the distribution of microfilaments and actin mrna in cotton callus , healtny plants and abnormal plantlets . fitc - phalloidin as fluorescence probe was used to investigate the meristem of the cotton root , abnormal plantlets and callus that was unable to germinate into healthy plants 本研究選取正常棉花的根，已經培養了長時間不能分化出正常植株的棉花愈傷組織和棉花畸形苗為材料，采用石蠟切片，通過fitc -鬼筆環肽對材料微絲熒光染色，結合熒光顯微鏡觀察。

The first two reports of soybean transformation used two very different methods to transform soybean : hinchee et al ( 1988 ) used agrobacterium - mediated transformation of cotyledonary nodes while mccabe et al ( 1988 ) used particle bombardment of shoot meristems . soybean transformation reports following these initial papers have been limited and the transformation efficiency of soybean has remained low , the reason is that cells that are regeneration - competent must also be accessible and transformation - competent 目前應用于大豆遺傳轉化的方法主要有根癌農桿菌介導法，基因槍法，超聲波輔助農桿菌法，真空抽濾法，花山東師范大學碩士學位論文粉管導人法等，但其中獲得廣泛應用的只有根癌農桿菌介導法和基因槍法，但是這兩種方法在應用中也有一定的局限性。

Results essential oil was not found in the promeristem of stem ; in the primary meristem of stem and the early stage of stem ' s primary structure , the essential oil was mainly distributed in glandular hairs ; in the primary structure of stem , the essential oil was mainly distributed in cortex parenchyma cells ; in the secondary structure of stem , the essential oil was mainly distributed in remaining cortex parenchyma cell 結果在廣藿香莖的原分生組織中，未觀察到有揮發油分布；在莖的初生、分生組織和初生結構形成早期，揮發油主要分布在莖表皮上著生的腺毛中；在莖的初生結構中，揮發油主要分布在皮層薄壁組織細胞中；在莖的次生結構中，揮發油則主要分布在殘存的皮層薄壁組織細胞中。

Advances in the techniques for cryopreservation of “ musa “ . including germplasm embryogenic cell suspension , zygotic embryos and apical meristems over ten years are reviewed ; and the main factors affecting cryopreservation are also mentioned , which include material , pretreatment , loading and dehydrating 總結了影響香蕉超低溫保存效果的幾個主要因素，主要包括材料、預處理、裝載處理以及冰凍保護劑。

A cdna labrary was constructed by using the floral meristem materials from the explants cultured on the medium containing hormones for 5 days and 10 days . screenings of cdna library was carried out by a microarray technique . two probes were used 本研究利用風信子離體實驗系統，從分離生長素和細胞分裂素誘導響應的基因著手，為初步理解兩種激素在花發育過程中的作用機理提供新資料。

Flowering reversion did n ' t occur in plants treated with more than 19 photoperiods , which perhaps is due to sufficient number of floral determination cells in the meristem and the floral determination of the plants is complete 19個以上的光周期數處理的畢氏海蓬子未發生成花逆轉，這可能與頂端分生組織內完成成花決定的細胞數目多，成花決定完成徹底有關。

Leafy ( lfy ) , one of floral meristem identity genes , which confers transition from vegetative to floral meristem identity in arabidopsis , and affects its flowering time . overexpression lfy gene promotes plant earlier flowering 其中leafy ( lfy )是一個花分生組織特征基因，控制著擬南芥營養分生組織向花分生組織的轉變，也影響擬南芥的開花時間。

Initiation of somatic cells stimulated by cytokinin , division of the initiated somatic cells and succeeding shoot meristem development are three key steps in the process 細胞分裂素誘導體細胞啟動、啟動的體細胞進行分裂和由此引發的莖分生組織發育是這一過程中的3個重要步驟。

The results showed that the prime symptoms of the tpd include laticifer necrosis and cambium - like meristem formation that occurs around the necrotic laticifer in the inner bark 結果表明該病的基本癥狀是在樹皮內層發生乳管壞死和在壞死的乳管周圍產生形成層狀分生組織。

In many plant species , includingarabidopsis , the growth of axillary meristems is inhibited by the primary inflorescence , a phenomenon generally known as apical dominance 在很多植物包括擬南芥中，側芽的生長會被頂端花序的生長抑制，這就是植物特有的頂端優勢現象。

The axillary branching process generally involves two developmental stages : the formation of axillary meristems in the leaf axils and subsequent axillary bud growth 植物的側枝發生一般分為兩個步驟：在葉腋處形成側芽原基，隨后側芽原基生長發育成側枝。

The aerial architecture of flowering plants is determined to a large extent by shoot growth and shoot branching arising from the initiation and growth of axillary meristems 高等植物的空間結構主要由主枝及由側芽分生組織產生的側枝的生長發育決定。