x

kuroshio

uploads/kuroshio.jpg

kuroshio n.(從臺灣東面的菲律賓海流向日本的)暖流 (＝ Jap...

n. (從臺灣東面的菲律賓海流向日本的)暖流 (＝ Japan current)。 “kuroshio current“ 中文翻譯：   黑潮暖流“kuroshio extension“ 中文翻譯：   黑潮續流“kuroshio front“ 中文翻譯：   黑潮鋒“kuroshio region“ 中文翻譯：   黑潮區“kuroshio system“ 中文翻譯：   黑潮流系“cooperative study on kuroshio“ 中文翻譯：   黑潮合作研究“kochi kuroshio country club“ 中文翻譯：   高知縣高知黑潮鄉村俱樂部“kuroshio, kōchi“ 中文翻譯：   黑潮町“kuroshima denji“ 中文翻譯：   黑島傳治“kuroshima“ 中文翻譯：   黑島“kuroshigefusa“ 中文翻譯：   九郎重英“kurosh“ 中文翻譯：   庫羅什“kuroseko“ 中文翻譯：   黑迫

kurrajong

A 3d baroclinc ocean model is used to model the ocean current around the kuroshio area on the condition of successively anomalous east asia winter monsoon , some significant results are obtained , and the influence of strong ( weak ) winter monsoon on sea surface height ( ssh ) , sea surface temperature ( sst ) and sea current around the kuroshio area is analyzed preliminarily 摘要運用一個三維斜壓海洋模式對冬季風風場持續異常時期的黑潮區海洋進行了模擬，初步分析了冬季風風場持續異常對黑潮區海面高度、海流和海溫的影響。

The chief content of this article concludes three parts . among it , the research of third chapter involve : use extended svd and correlation analyse between ncep wind stress data in pacafic and sst field of kuroshio nearly 50 years show that there are distinctly positive correlativity between lagging sst of kuroshio and zonal wind field in tropical pacafic region 本文采用海溫資料和ncep ncar再分析的海平面氣壓場( slp ) 、高度場、風場等資料，利用eof 、 svd 、相關分析和合成分析方法，重點研究了黑潮海溫異常的機制及其對我國夏季降水的影響。

When the autumn kuroshio ssta is positive , the sea - land sea level pressure differences in the east asian region become large in winter , the east asian trough at 500hpa shifts eastward and is deep in its south and shallow in the northern , along with strong north winds in the above area and weak westerly circulation in the asian region 當秋季黑潮區域海溫異常偏高，東亞地區的海陸氣壓差異進一步加大，東亞大槽北部減弱、南部加深、位置東移，東亞地區的偏北風加強，亞洲地區西風環流減弱，即東亞冬季風加強；反之亦然。

( 4 ) based on the ncar ccm3 simulations , the influence of the previously winter kuroshio ssta on the easm is investigated . results from the simulations are highly coincidence with the observations , namely , the winter kuroshio ssta may impacts the subsequent year east china summer rainfall by making influencing on the strength and location of the west - northern pacific high and the easm systems ( 4 )利用ncarccm3模式模擬冬季黑潮區域海溫異常對東亞夏季風的影響，模式模擬的結果與統計分析結果是一致的，即前期冬季黑潮區域海溫異常可以通過影響次年夏季的西太平洋副熱帶高壓的強度和位置變化以及東亞夏季風環流的強弱，從而進一步影響我國東部地區的降水，尤其是長江中下游地區。

During the kuroshio survey , jointly conducted by china and japan from 1986 to 1992 , more than 100 field operations were carried out , and meetings of over 200 scientists were arranged , which helped to accumulate a rich store of information for understanding the movement of kuroshio , its regular pattern of changes and its origin , as well as the resources variations in the fishing grounds of the western pacific 僅中國和日本于1986年至1992年合作進行的黑潮調查，就進行了100多個航次的外業調查，交流科學家200多人次，為認識黑潮運動、變化規律和成因，以及西太平洋漁區資源變動等問題積累了大量資料。

The well correlation times persist for about six months and the incidence level is reach or pass 0 . 01 . the meridional wind field which persistly impacting on sst in kuroshio region is near the west tropical pacafic . the result also behave as distinctly positive correlativity . afterwards we investigate the relationship between sst in kuroshio region and ninoc , 4 region and integrate the front conclusion . as a resultjt display that the sst in kuroshio region persists for positive relevance during the course of el - nino and inversely during the course of la - nina . subsequentl y the synthetic fields of kuroshio region ' s ssta in el - nino and la - nina years have proved the front outcome 對與黑潮海溫異常變化關系密切的風場關鍵區及兩者的相互關系研究表明：黑潮本身的風場和其源地北赤道流海域的風場異常對黑潮海溫的影響僅限于同期及海溫滯后1到2個月，而能持續影響黑潮海溫異常的經向風場的關鍵區出現在赤道西太平洋( 140 - 160e ， 5s - 5n ) ，緯向的關鍵區則在赤道中太平洋( 160e - 150w ， 5s - 5n ) ，且緯向關鍵區的強度和范圍均大于經向，兩者對黑潮海溫的影響均能持續六個月左右。

Genetic analysis shows that it may be caused by the difference of the response of each area to winter monsoon ' s abnormal , the kuroshio and our offshore is influenced mostly by heat flux between the sea and atmosphere , but in the other areas , the abnormal current incited by abnormal wind has decisive effect on the change of the sea temperature , at the same time , air pressure also has some impact on the sea temperature 其區域性形成的原因主要可能是因為各海區對冬季風異常的響應方式不同，強冬季風使得黑潮與我國近海海洋過多散熱，海溫降低；在西北太平洋暖池北部，強冬季風引起西風異常，從而引發異常氣旋性環流，海水輻合下沉加熱其表層以下海水，同時異常環流使得更多東側異常暖水向西加熱其表層水；在黑潮與親潮交匯處的升溫也主要是由于強冬季風導致的流場異常，海水輻合下沉升溫。

Then by using of statistics and numerical simulation analysis , research abnormality of the main circulation system at following summer in east asia , and the influence of the abnormality on the rainfall and temperature in summer in china , when sst over the kuroshio area during winter show cold or warm anomaly 再分別通過統計和數值模擬的方法，系統的分析了冬季黑潮海溫冷暖異常時，后期夏季東亞地區高低空的主要環流系統的異常，以及這些異常又如何進一步影響了我國夏季的降水和氣溫。

When the winter kuroshio ssta is high , there is high ( low ) pressure ( compared with mean ) in the asia and weak ( strong ) easterly jet at high level in summer . at the same time , the west - northern pacific high becomes strong ( weak ) and shifts westward ( eastward ) and northward ( southward ) 當冬季黑潮區域海溫異常偏高時，亞洲熱低壓強度減弱，西北太平洋副熱帶高壓位置西伸且偏北，強度明顯偏強，梅雨鋒位置偏南，長江中下游地區降水偏多。

Based on the u . s . navy generalized digital environmental model ( gdem ) climatological temperature and salinity data on a 0 . 5 x 0 . 5 grid , the three - dimensional current system in the kuroshio south of japan and kuroshio extension is determined and analyzed by using the p - vector method 本文選用美國海軍gdem全球氣候月平均溫鹽資料，空間分辨率為0 . 5 0 . 5 ，應用p矢量方法對日本以南黑潮和黑潮延續體三維流場進行了診斷計算和分析研究。

The surface current velocity displays the seasonal variability , too . the velocity varies from 71 . 6cm / s ( maximum ) in december to 55 . 4cm / s ( minimum ) in may in the kuroshio south of japan , and the position 01 extreme appear to the south of kii peninsula 黑潮表層流速最大值同樣存在著季節性變化特征：日本以南黑潮表層流速最大值由12月份的71 . 6cm / s (最大值)變化到5月份的55 . 4cm / s (最小值) ，極值均出現在紀伊半島以南海域。

South of japan , the kuroshio path of maximal velocity is outside the other three seasons in winter . in the kuroshio extension , the two points of the lee - wave also shows seasonal variabilities , and the path is most winding in summer , straight in fall 黑潮延續體最大流速主軸在西段的第一個峰處，冬季的峰值點比其它各季向東移了一個經度；第二個峰處，則以夏季彎曲最為平緩，且在155 e附近有一個向南的小彎曲路徑。

The velocity varies from 61 . 5cm / s ( maximum ) in june to 48 . 1cm / s ( minimum ) in march in the kuroshio extension , and the extreme appear at the position of the first meander . the extreme minish , and the month and position of the extreme change accordingly as it deepens 黑潮延續體的表層流速最大值則由6月份的61 . 5cm / s (最大值)變化到3月份的48 . 1cm / s (最小值) ，極值則出現在黑潮延續體西段大彎曲路徑的第一個峰處。

The result shows the volume transport in the four sections have the maximum in summer and the minimum in winter , especially in the two sections of 140 band 170 e . the eddy structure in both sides of the kuroshio extension is another distinct character 結果表明:穿過這四個斷面的流量均呈現夏大冬小的季節變化趨勢，其中140 “ e和170 “ e兩個斷面的季節變化比較明顯。黑潮延續體另一顯著特征是主軸南北兩側的多渦結構。

( 2 ) the anomalous eawm predominantly relates to the winter kuroshio ssta . the winter kuroshio ssta becomes positive ( negative ) when there is a strong ( weak ) eawm . the possible links might be the winter latent and sensible heat release in the west - northern pacific ocean ( 2 )東亞冬季風異常對冬季黑潮區域海溫異常有密切的聯系，當東亞冬季風偏強時，冬季黑潮區域海溫偏低；反之，冬季黑潮區域海溫偏高。

Besides , some numerical experiments were done by changing the following factors - - - - - - the taiwan strait inflow , sea surface wind stress , kuroshio inflow respectively , to find out the effects of these factors on the wintertime circulation and the eddies in the east china seas 在此數值模擬的基礎上，分別在改變風場、以及黑潮流量的條件下進行數值實驗，以考察它們對冬季東中國海環流和中尺度渦旋的影響。

On the other hand , the methods of reof analysis was also used to north pacific ssta on spring and summer . the middle and eastern equatorial pacific and the kuroshio region of northwestern pacific are two mostly anomaly regions 另一個方面，對太平洋春季、夏季海表溫度進行reof分析，表明太平洋海表溫度分布具有明顯的區域特征，其中最強的異常分布區是赤道中東太平洋和西北太平洋黑潮海區。

By contrast , the eastern waters are more strongly influenced by oceanic currents , specifically the hainan current in the summer which flows from the south - west to the north - east and the kuroshio current in the winter which flows in the opposite direction 本港受到兩股主要海流的影響，夏季受到海南海流的影響由西南流至東南，而冬季則受到黑潮海流的影響流向相反。

Finally the article discusses the physical mechanism of meridional and zonal wind field ' s effect on sst in kuroshio region and think that justly the adjustion of macro - dimension wind field connects the two facts 考慮到赤道中太平洋風場異常與el - nino及la - nina事件關系密切，進一步的研究證實el - nino及la - nina事件與黑潮海溫異常有著密切的關系。