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holoplankton n.【動物;動物學】終生浮游生物,全浮游性生物。

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Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms ; with majority of them are benthic invertebrates . in contrast , marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal potential . this paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton . based on findings in 38 studied taxa , it was concluded that : 1 ) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton , suggesting holoplankton speciation was more active than previously thought ; 2 ) current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplankton ; 3 ) geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton . however , contribution of allopatric speciation is still questionable ; 4 ) ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton . cryptic speciation in marine holoplankton is paradoxical , because rapid speciation under strong gene flow is countertuitive . solution of this paradox will help us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity 隱種廣泛存在于各類海洋生物中,尤其是底棲無脊椎動物.然而,海洋終生浮游生物由于具有較強的擴散能力,往往被視為生物多樣性低、物種形成慢.本文就海洋終生浮游生物隱種與物種形成的研究作一綜述.基于研究的38個種類,結果表明: 1 )海洋終生浮游生物普遍存在隱種,其物種形成要比想象得快; 2 )由于引種的廣泛存在,形態種生物多樣性無法反映海洋終生浮游生物真正的物種多樣性; 3 )地理隔離有助于海洋終生浮游生物隱種的形成,但異域物種形成的作用仍值得商榷; 4 )生態物種形成很可能是海洋終生浮游生物物種形成的主流模式.海洋終生浮游生物強基因流下快速的物種形成有悖于生物進化常理,解決該悖論將有助于我們對海洋物種形成和生物多樣性的理解