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golgi

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golgi n.1.高爾基〔姓氏〕。2.Camillo Golgi ...

n. 1.高爾基〔姓氏〕。 2.Camillo Golgi 〔1844-1926，意大利解剖學家與病理學家〕。 “goldstein golgi golgi method“ 中文翻譯：   高爾吉法“golgi a aratus or golgi body“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基器或高爾基體“golgi a aratus， golgi body“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體“golgi apparatus or golgi body“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基器或高爾基體“golgi apparatus, golgi body“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體“camillo golgi“ 中文翻譯：   卡密羅・高爾基“golgi a aratus“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體“golgi apparatus“ 中文翻譯：   【生物學】高爾基體 (＝ Golgi body)。 “golgi body“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體; 高基氏體“golgi camillo“ 中文翻譯：   高基“golgi cell“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基細胞“golgi cells“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基細胞“golgi cisterna“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基扁平囊; 高爾基池“golgi complex“ 中文翻譯：   golgi復合體; 高爾基復和體; 高爾基復合體; 高爾基復合休; 高爾基氏復合體; 高爾基氏體; 高爾基體復合物; 高氏體“golgi lamella“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基片層“golgi lamellae“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基片層“golgi membrane“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體膜“golgi method“ 中文翻譯：   高爾吉法“golgi network“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體網絡; 高爾基網絡“golgi ogenesis“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體發生“golgi okinesis“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體分裂“golgi organs“ 中文翻譯：   神經肌梭“golgi orrhexis“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體斷裂“golgi osome“ 中文翻譯：   高爾基體“golgevit“ 中文翻譯：   戈爾熱維“golgeli“ 中文翻譯：   格爾蓋利

golgi apparatus

By sds - page and immuno - blotting , the monoclonal antibody of anti - chick brain cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain could recognize the 67 kda protein in purified golgi apparatus fraction from lily pollen . subsequently by immuno - gold labeling and transmission electron microscopy , we found that the dynein intermediate chain - like protein bound mainly to the membranes of golgi - associated vesicles . statistics analysis of dynein intermediate chain - like protein on golgi - associated vesciles showed the nearly equal chance of distribution on either cis - or trans - golgi - associated vesciles 對分離純化的百合花粉及花粉管中高爾基體組分進行sds -聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳和免疫印跡發現，抗雞腦細胞質力蛋白中間鏈單克隆抗體在67kda處有較強的免疫交叉反應；進而通過免疫金標結合電子顯微鏡觀察發現，大多數類細胞質力蛋白中間鏈存在于高爾基體附近的囊泡膜上；統計結果表明，類細胞質力蛋白中間鏈在順面和反面高爾基體附近囊泡膜上的分布機率大致相等。

Mitochondria and ribosomes are hard to see , and the ribosome are found to adhere on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum ; golgi body and lysosome do not exist , membranous ring emerges at the secondary spermatocyte stage . the organelles change into pre - acrosome vesicles at middle spermatid stage , and finally pre - acrosome forms acrosome . 2 浙江華溪蟹在生精細胞階段，染色質形態相似，呈不同程度凝集狀，核仁在精原細胞期出現;精細胞階段，染色質分化成纖絲狀和致密塊狀，部分核質延伸入輻射臂內，整個核呈淺杯狀。

It is known from studies using brefeldin a ( bfa ) that disruption of tgn can block the cytotoxicity of ricin , suggesting that the intracellular compartment may be an important part of the uptake pathway . ricin enters the cells by receptor - mediated endocytosis , followed by translocation across the membranes of intracellular organelles . in this study , a trans - golgi retention peptide signal yqrl was fused to the c - terminus of ricin a chain ( rta ) by polymerase chain reaction 本實驗為重點研究反式高爾基體在毒素細胞內轉運過程中的作用，我們設計了一個反式高爾基體的靶向信號肽基因yqrl ( tyr - gln - arg - leu )連接在rta分子的羧基端，用原核表達蛋白體系，純化并測定rta - yqrl與rta蛋白對hela (人宮頸癌細胞) ， wish (人羊膜上皮細胞) ， skov - 3 (人卵巢癌細胞)三種細胞的毒性作用。

The number of organella increases greatly and especially division of the mitochondria is very active . follicle cells begin to surround oocyte . organella such as mitochondria , endoplasmic reticulum , golgi gody all take part in the formation of yolk granules and yolk granules accumulate to yolk body from the beginning to the end 卵黃發生的卵母細胞細胞質中線粒體、內質網、高爾基體等細胞器均參與卵黃野粒的形成，而且形成的卵黃顆粒相互愈合，從卵黃形成期早期一直延續到后期。

The number of mitochondrion is more less than the endoplasmic reticulum , and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the main kind of the endoplasmic reticulum ; golgi bodies and lysosomes emerge in the secondary spermatocyte stage . finally , these organelles change into pre - acrosome vesicles which become acrosome at last . sinopotamon chekiangense during the spermatogenensis , chronmatins condense at different level until middle spermatid stage 在整個發生過程中細胞器數量較少，內質網數目在各細胞器中所占比例最大，以滑面內質網為主，線粒體在初級精母細胞中最多，自次級精母細胞開始逐漸減少，高爾基體和溶酶體自次級精母細胞始出現，在發育過程中上述細胞器不斷分化，在精細胞階段形成前頂體腔，最后形成圓球形頂體。

Nucleoli exist from spermatocyte stage to early spermatid stage . in this process , the numbers of ribosomes , mitochondrions and endoplasmic reticulums increase until secondary spermatocyte stage , golgi apparatus emerges at the secondary spermatocyte stage , and then , these organelles change into lamellar complex which finally forms the acrosome 核糖體，線粒體和內質網等細胞器數量逐漸增多，到次級精母細胞階段達到最大，在形成精子的過程中，上述細胞器與高爾基體及膜性泡共同分化或參與形成片層小體，并參與頂體的形成。

The new synthesized protein was led to endoplastic reticulum cavity by eukaryotic secretory signal peptide sequence and then anchored to innerwall of endoplastic reticulum by kdel sequence , which interdicted the process of protein entering golgi body and cytoplasm , and then avoided heterogeneous glycosylation modification of foreign protein and prolonged the disappearance of half life of protein in organism . 2 真核分泌信號肽序列可以引導新合成的蛋白質進入內質網腔， kdel序列將進入內質網腔的蛋白質錨定在內質網內壁上，從而阻斷了蛋白質進入高爾基體和細胞質的過程，進而避免了外源蛋白質的異源糖基化修飾，延長了蛋白質在生物體內的半衰期。

Under the electric microscope , there is abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum ( rer ) , golgi complex and mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the chief cell , but there is also some smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( ser ) and microtubule in the cytoplasm . so we support the view that this type cell secretes the digestive enzyme and hydrochloric acid ( hcl ) . there is not tunica muscularis mucosae and intestinal gland in the small intestine 電鏡下，胃底腺主細胞里有分泌顆粒，有豐富的線粒體、高爾基復合體和粗面內質網，也有細胞內分泌小管和滑面內質網，故其應相當于哺乳動物胃腺的主細胞，但也兼有壁細胞的功能，可稱之為壁-主細胞。

Translocation from endocytic compartments to the cytosol is the essential and rate - limiting step in the intoxication process of most toxins such as ricin , diphtheria toxin , shiga toxin and pseudomonas exotoxin ( pe ) . a number of these toxins are transported to trans - golgi network ( tgn ) , and in many cases such transport to the tgn is required for the translocation and cytotoxicity . in deed , 5 % of the ricin endocytosed by cells has been shown to reach the tgn 蓖麻毒素進入細胞的機理不甚明了，一般認為是rtb先與細胞膜受體結合，主要經過受體介導的內吞作用進入吞噬體，然后沿著內體、高爾基體、內質網等逆向分泌途徑，有序地運輸到內質網，最后從內質網轉位進入細胞漿，在胞漿內攻擊核糖體，從而抑制蛋白質的合成，導致細胞死亡。

Nucleoli do not emerge in this process . the number of the organelles increase until secondary spermatocyte stage . mitochondria accumulate together , merging together with lysosomes and golgi bodies at the early spermatid stage , and finally the lamellar structure is formed , which forms the acrosome at last 在精子發生過程中，線粒體、內質網和核糖體逐漸增多，其中線粒體數目在次級精母細胞階段達到頂峰，并形成線粒體區，精細胞早期核內出現膜性泡結構，同時次級溶酶體與高爾基體大量存在，這些細胞器共同形成片層復合體，并參與頂體的形成。

Rab7 mediates transport of proteins from early endosome to late endosome or fusion of early endosome with late endosome , while rab9 mediates the retransport of m6pr from late endosome to trans - golgi network . the gtp / gdp - binding ability and intrinsic gtpase activity of rab proteins make them exist in rab - gtp or rab - gdp status . the switching of rabs between gtp - bound ( active ) and gdp - bound ( inactive ) forms requires other regulatory proteins , including guanosine exchange factor ( gef ) , gdp dissociation inhibitor ( gdi ) and gtpase activating protein ( gap ) , and lays the foundations of rab function Rab蛋白家族成員和其他小g蛋白一樣可以結合gtp gdp ，在自身gtp酶的水解作用和其他蛋白( gef 、 gap 、 gdi )的調節作用下發生gtp (活化狀態)和gdp (無活性)結合形式的轉變；同時rab蛋白也在膜結合性( membrane - bound )和胞漿可溶性( cytosolic )之間變化，一個變化過程對應著一個功能循環，接著rab蛋白回到初始狀態參與下一個循環。

During spawning , the structure of oviduct is obviously affected . before laying eggs , there are many secretions in oviduct and lots of microvilli at the surface of epithelial cells . the clear cells contain lots of mitochondria , endoplasmic reticulums and golgi complexes 日本沼蝦產卵過程對輸卵管結構產生顯著的影響，產卵前，管腔內有很多分泌物，管壁上皮細胞表面有大量微絨毛，細胞內細胞器如線粒體、內質網、高爾基體等含量豐富，細胞核形態正常。

It has been found that five cell parts , i . e . mitochondria , ser vesicles , golgi vesicles , multivesicular bodies and micropinocytotic vesicles , may be involved in the formation of yolk granules . yolk synthesis appeared to occure by both autosynthetic and heterosynthetic process 除了對卵母細胞起一定的保護作用外，濾泡細胞在卵黃發生中也起著重要作用，即可合成部分卵黃物質供給卵母細胞，而且還可通過濾泡開放為外源性卵黃進入提供通道

Under high osmotic shock , the size of the cells obviously shrink , so did the chloroplasts , mitochondria and golgi bodies , etc . the membranes of these organelles partially melt with that of endoplasmic reticulum , which makes its surface area increase 在高滲震動下，細胞體積明顯變小，胞內細胞器如葉綠體、線立體、高爾基體等的體積也相應變小，這些細胞器的膜部分融合至內質網膜中，使內質網的表面積增大。

Transparency is unusual because cells have organelles ? internal structures such as the nucleus ( which stores dna ) , the energy - producing mitochondria , and the golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum , which are important in the synthesis of proteins and lipids 透明并不容易達成，因為細胞中有稱為胞器的內部構造，例如儲存dna的細胞核、產生能量的粒線體，以及對合成蛋白質與脂質很重要的高爾基體與內質網。

This group of mutant alleles turned out to be a gene encoding a golgi adenosine 3 ' - phosphate 5 ' - phosphsulfate transporter ( adenosine paps transporter ) . kyte - doolittle hydrophilicity plots showed that sll is a very hydrophobic protein , especially in c terminus Kyte - doolittle疏水性分析結果表明，與其它轉運子相似， sll蛋白是一個疏水性很強的蛋白(尤其在它的c端) 。

Phylogenetic tree indicates the rab protein may play a role in vesicular trafficking from endoplasmic reticulum to golgi body . two tga in eo - rabl were successfully mutated to tgc by site direct pcr procedure and the truncate eo - rabl was obtained 以此重組質粒為模板進行pcr定點突變，將eo - rab1基因中前兩個tga突變為通用半胱氨酸密碼子tgc ，獲得截短型eo - rab1基因。

In animal and lower plant cells , cytoplasmic dynein involved in not only trafficking of subcellular organelles and target molecules , but also organizing and positioning of organelles such as golgi apparatus 細胞質力蛋白在動物和低等植物細胞中不僅參與細胞內細胞器和靶分子等的運輸，還參與高爾基體等細胞器的組裝和定位。

These results suggest that the cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain - like protein exists in lily pollen , and it distributes mainly on either cis - and trans - golgi - associated vesciles 以上的結果表明類細胞質力蛋白中間鏈存在于百合花粉及花粉管中，并且在百合花粉管中順面和反面高爾基體附近的囊泡膜上均有分布。