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glia

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glia n.神經膠質 (＝ neuroglia). -aladj...

n. 神經膠質 (＝ neuroglia). -al adj. “ameboid glia“ 中文翻譯：   阿米巴樣膠質細胞; 阿米巴樣神經膠質細胞“bergmann glia“ 中文翻譯：   貝格曼神經膠質“cytoplasmic glia“ 中文翻譯：   原漿性膠質細胞; 原漿性神經膠質細胞“fibrillar glia“ 中文翻譯：   纖維性膠質細胞“fibrillary glia“ 中文翻譯：   纖維性神經膠質細胞“glia cell“ 中文翻譯：   神經膠細胞; 神經膠質細胞“glia din“ 中文翻譯：   麥醇溶蛋白“glia limitans“ 中文翻譯：   膠質界膜“glia plaque“ 中文翻譯：   膠質溶菌斑“glia tissue“ 中文翻譯：   神經膠質組織“glia-rosette“ 中文翻譯：   神經膠質玫瑰花形“pia-glia“ 中文翻譯：   軟膜神經膠層“radial glia“ 中文翻譯：   放射狀膠質細胞“cystomyxo-adenoma glia“ 中文翻譯：   原漿性膠質細胞“glia fibrillary acidic protein“ 中文翻譯：   膠質原纖維酸性蛋白“glia growth factor“ 中文翻譯：   膠質生長因子“glia limitans membrane“ 中文翻譯：   膠質界膜“glia maturation factor“ 中文翻譯：   神經膠質成熟因子“glibat el glia“ 中文翻譯：   格利亞山“neuroglia; bindweb; -glia“ 中文翻譯：   神經膠質“peripheral glia cell“ 中文翻譯：   周圍膠質細胞“primary human fetal glia“ 中文翻譯：   原始人類胚胎神經膠質細胞,原代人胎兒神經膠質細胞“radial glia cell“ 中文翻譯：   放射狀膠質細胞“neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule“ 中文翻譯：   神經元-神經膠質細胞粘連分子“gli utensili primitivi“ 中文翻譯：   原始工具“gli oggetti funerari“ 中文翻譯：   隨葬品

gliadin

The present studies aimed to find the responses of neurons and glias in the target and other brain areas of the linear accelerator - irradiated rats . in the first experiment , time - dependent neurons changes in the brain after hemispheric irradiation at an single - fraction maximal dose of 20 gy were observed by investigating the expression of an immediate early gene , fos protein . the results shown : compared with that of the un - radiated rats , the expression of fos protein in the irradiated brain decreased distinctly 24 hours and 1 week after irradiation 首先，利用即刻早期基因fos的表達，做了同一照射劑量( 20gy )照射大鼠半腦后不同存活期間( 1d ， 7d ， 14d ， 2ld ， 28d )大鼠全腦神經元動態變化的觀察，發現：受照射后1d 、 7d大鼠腦內各部位fos蛋白表達均明顯減少，隨著時間的延長，其fos免疫反應性細胞數量逐漸增加，照射后28d ，延髓、第四軍醫大學碩士學位論文腦橋內hs免疫陽性細胞數量恢復并超過正常對照組水平，但中腦、間腦及端腦內未恢復到正常對照組水平。

Not only the neurons but also the as in the rat brain play a very important role in the process of the peripheral nociceptive stimulation ; ? he newly - found eda may be the functional intercommunication ultrastructure between neurons and as , through which the as could modulate the neurons in the pain signal processing ; @ as might play an active and important role for modulation of pain through a new pathway from the peripheral afferent nerve to the as , then to neurons via electron - dense areas forming the glia - neuron s ignaling network 光、電鏡水平發現as與神經元之間有多種途徑進行信息交流，新發現的eda有可能是神經元與as之間信息交流的結構之一。阻斷as與神經元間信息交流連接后，前者對外周組織4第四軍醫大學博士學位論文損傷所致疼痛的反應不受影響，而后者的反應明顯受到抑制，提示在非病理性疼痛反應中，膠質細胞對神經元具有主動調控作用。

Immunohistochemistry method was used to observe the temporal and spatial expression of nmdar2 , signal molecules , skeleton proteins and connexins in son neurons and glias ( astrocytes and microglias ) . radioimmunoassay was used to detect vasopressin ( vp ) content in plasma before and after hyperosmotic stimulation . ultrastructure between activated son astrocytes and neurons was observed by double immune - electron - microscopic staining method 應用免疫組織化學方法光鏡下觀察高滲刺激后，大鼠視上核膠質細胞(星形膠質細胞和小膠質細胞)受體( nmdar2 ) 、信號分子、骨架蛋白及縫隙連接蛋白的表達的時空變化；應用放免測定檢測高滲刺激前后血漿中vp含量。

On the basi s of these results , time - dependent glias changes in the brain were observed with the same model by investigating the expression of s - 100 protein , a specific marker for glias , mainly for astrocytes . our results shown : compared with those of the unradiated rats , the number of s - 100 protein immunoreactive positive glial cells in the brains of the irradiated rats increased gradually . more s - 100 - positive glial cells with multiple long processes and hypertrophic cell bodies were also observed in these areas 在此基礎上，又做了同一照射劑量（ 20gy ）照射大鼠半腦后不同存活期間（ id ， 7d ； 14d ， zld ， 28d ）大鼠全腦s 100動態變化的觀察，發現其規律如下：在上述時間點大鼠腦內各部位卜刁m蛋白免疫反應細胞數量進行性增加，伴有s 100免疫陽性細胞的胞體逐漸增大和交起增多，與正常對照組具有明顯的差異。

Olfactory system is the few parts of the adult mammalian central nerve system where neural regeneration occurs all through life . oec is a kind of special glia located exclusively in the olfactory bulb , olfactory epithelium and olfactory nerve . it shares many properties of both astrocytes and schwann cells 嗅神經鞘細胞( olfactoryensheathingcells ， oecs )是專一的分布在嗅神經，嗅上皮，嗅球的一種特殊的神經膠質細胞，兼具中樞神經系統( centralnervesystem ， cns )星形膠質細胞和外周神經系統( peripherynervesystem ， pns )雪旺氏細胞的特性。

With the development of research techniques and the further study on glias , mounting evidences have suggested the bidirectional signaling between neurons and glias . glias may be an integral part of the communication network within the central nervous system and regulate neuronal activity 近20多年來隨著研究手段的進步，對神經膠質細胞的研究不斷深入，越來越多的實驗顯示，膠質細胞與神經元之間存在雙向通訊，并能主動調控神經元的活動，參與多種信號的整合。

Based on the previous researches , the present study investigated the response of son neurons and glias ( astrocytes and microglias ) to hyperosmotic stimulation and their relationship to find out the roles of glias in regulating hyperosmotic stimulation 因此在以往研究的基礎上，本課題通過觀察視上核神經元和膠質細胞(星形膠質細胞和小膠質細胞)對高滲刺激的反應及其相互關系，探討視上核膠質細胞在高滲刺激后調節過程中的作用。

Glia , even though they outnumber nerve cells nine to one , were thought to have only a maintenance role : bringing nutrients from blood vessels to neurons , maintaining a healthy balance of ions in the brain , and warding off pathogens that evaded the immune system 雖然神經膠細胞的數目是神經元數目的九倍，但被認為只扮演維護的角色：將血管里的養份輸送給神經元、維持腦中適當的離子平衡，以及抵抗侵入免疫系統的病原。

Neuroscientists are cautious about assigning new prominence to glia too quickly , yet they are excited by the prospect that more than half the brain has gone largely unexplored and may contain a trove of information about how the mind works 神經科學家雖然小心翼翼地不愿太快賦予神經膠細胞新的地位，但他們還是為其前景感到興奮，因為腦有一半以上的區域一直都未經探索，而其中可能含有解開心智運作的寶貴資訊。

Meanwhile physiologists and biochemists were finding that glia had receptors for many of the same neurotransmitters neurons use for synaptic communication , as well as most of the ion channels that enable neurons to fire action potentials 同時，生理學家與生化學家也發現，神經膠細胞有受體，可以接受神經元用以做突觸溝通的許多神經傳遞物，它們也同樣有大多數神經元用來產生動作電位的離子通道。

The results are as follows : 1 . there are many spheroidal glomeruli in the antennal lobe , either as individuals or in combination , surrounded by neuron cells , coarse neuropil , i . e . nonglomeruli region and more or less glia or glial processes 結果發現： ( 1 )日本弓背蟻觸角葉中分布許多大小不一，近似球形的嗅覺纖維球。這些纖維球的分布是不連續的，被神經元細胞群、非嗅覺纖維球纖維分開。

But how could the glia in our experiment be detecting the neuronal firing , given that the axons made no synaptic connections with the glia and the axonal glia were nowhere near the synapse 不過軸突并沒有突觸與神經膠細胞接觸，而且軸突上的神經膠細胞又離突觸那麼遠，我們實驗中的神經膠細胞如何才能夠偵測神經元的活性呢？

Glia influence the formation of synapses and help to determine which neural connections get stronger or weaker over time ; such changes are essential to learning and to storing long - term memories 神經膠細胞會影響突觸的形成，也會幫助決定神經連結隨時間而增強或減弱，這種變化是學習與儲存長期記憶所必需的。

Whether the young cells that persist become neurons or glia depends on where in the brain they end up and what type of activity is occurring in that brain region at the time 這些存活下來的年輕細胞，究竟會變成神經細胞還是神經膠質細胞，則要看它們出現的腦區域以及這個腦區域當時發生哪些活性而定。

And the most recent work shows that glia also communicate among themselves , in a separate but parallel network to the neural network , influencing how well the brain performs 最近的研究也指出，神經膠細胞可以在平行但不同于神經網路的另一個網路中互相溝通，影響腦功能的表現。

In the past several years , sensitive imaging tests have shown that neurons and glia engage in a two - way dialogue from embryonic development through old age 過去數年來，靈敏的造影實驗已經指出，從胚胎發育到老年，神經元與神經膠細胞一直都保持雙向溝通。

A model of how glia around an axon sense neuronal activity and then communicate to other glia residing at the axon ' s synapse was coming together 有關圍繞軸突的神經膠細胞如何知道神經活性、然后告訴其他軸突突觸神經膠細胞的理論，在逐漸成形。

Il - 2 ( 5 nmol . l - 1 ) increased proliferation rate of oligodentrocytes and it ' s glia cell line for 2 . 5 times . il - 2 has nutrition function on the neurons L ~ ( - 1 ) )使正常寡突膠質細胞和寡突膠質細胞瘤細胞系的增殖率升高2 . 5倍。

Also , neurons and support cells called glia may react to the mechanical forces of blood vessels expanding and contracting 所以，神經元以及支持細胞（也稱膠質細胞）會對血管的收縮和舒張產生相應的反應。