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gestalt

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gestalt n.〔德語〕 (pl. gestalten ) 【心理學...

n. 〔德語〕 (pl. gestalten ) 【心理學】完形，經驗的整體。 “gestalt gestalt“ 中文翻譯：   完全形態“bender gestalt“ 中文翻譯：   本氏定形試驗,本德爾視覺-運動完形試驗“clinical gestalt“ 中文翻譯：   臨床整合判斷“factor of gestalt“ 中文翻譯：   格式塔因素“gestalt expectation“ 中文翻譯：   符號格式塔期待“gestalt factor“ 中文翻譯：   完形因素“gestalt movement“ 中文翻譯：   形態運動“gestalt of grace“ 中文翻譯：   恩典的格式塔“gestalt processing“ 中文翻譯：   完整處理歷程“gestalt psychology“ 中文翻譯：   形態心理學〔又譯格式塔心理學，為現代歐美資產階級心理學主要派別之一〕。 “gestalt psychotherapy“ 中文翻譯：   完形心理治療法完形心理治療法“gestalt psycology“ 中文翻譯：   標格式塔心理學; 格式塔心理學“gestalt quality“ 中文翻譯：   形質“gestalt review“ 中文翻譯：   格式塔評論“gestalt school“ 中文翻譯：   格式塔學派“gestalt style“ 中文翻譯：   整體法“gestalt switch“ 中文翻譯：   格式塔轉換“gestalt synthesiser“ 中文翻譯：   完形性綜合“gestalt theory“ 中文翻譯：   符號完形論; 格式塔理論; 完形理論“gestalt therapy“ 中文翻譯：   格式塔療法; 和完形療法; 完形心理療法; 完形治療法“lebendige gestalt“ 中文翻譯：   活的形象“physical gestalt“ 中文翻譯：   物理完形“sign gestalt“ 中文翻譯：   符號完形“bender gestalt test“ 中文翻譯：   本德爾格式塔測驗 班達完形測驗“gestalt completion test“ 中文翻譯：   完形補足測驗“gestalgar“ 中文翻譯：   赫斯塔爾加

The word “ schema “ first appeared in kant ' works at that time , kant attempt to combine the knowledge category with the perceptual object by scheme to find its great influence on knowledge acquisition , but his scheme was priori in the history of modern psychology , the gestalt school was the first one who payed attention to schema at the general theory level , and jean piaget also thought highly of schema , his theory was called schema theory , but this theory neglect the function of society and education , that is to say , in some degree his scheme theory has the incline of biologization 但其理論忽視社會和教育的作用，因此，其圖式學說存在一定程度的生物化傾向。從心理學史發展的另一條線?經驗主義來看，重視過去經驗的作用，認為圖式具有積極主動加工的特點。現代圖式理論是在吸收了理性主義和經驗主義，又在信息科學、計算機科學的發展以及心理學關于表征研究的基礎上，于20世紀80年代興起。

“ while you have highly limited concepts about the nature of the self , you cannot begin to conceive of a multidimensional godhood , or a universal reality in which all consciousness is unique , inviolate ? nd yet given to the formation of infinite gestalts of organization and meaning 當你對自身的本性抱持高度局限的觀念時，你不能開始設想一個多維的神性，或者這樣一個普遍的實在，在其中所有意識都是獨特、不可侵犯，而又順從于無限組織和意義的完型。

Phil : well , that clarifies the term “ experiential , “ and you seemed to be talking at the gestalt writer ' s conference about that , but what would you say is gestalt 你已經說清楚了“體驗” ，你在完形作家會議上也說到了，那么今天你認為完形是什么？

“ all that is knows no other . it does not know whether or not other psychic gestalts like itself may exist . it is constantly searching . “一切全有不知道其余的。它不知道是否有象它自己一樣的心靈完形存在。它在不停地尋求。 ”

gestalt psychology

Combined with gestalt deep ecology , this essay tries to probe into the problem of accepting or rejecting man ' s traditional values in higher education philosophy , to look at the ecosystem with the view that man is a part of it rather than a protector of environment , and to construct educational ecolog 格式塔深層生態學理論啟示人們在探討高等教育哲學中如何對待人類傳統價值的取舍問題，高等教育應以人作為生態系統的一部分而不是以環境保護者的身份來看待生態系統，從課堂實踐做起，來共同建構教育生態現。

Therefore , at three aspects such as ancient chinese education , china traditional philosophy and western gestalt comprehension outlook , on study , this paper summarizes the theoretic origin of comprehension , emphatically analyzes its characteristic , qualifications and tactics of its cultivation when in modem chinese teaching inner understanding is regarded as a kind of advanced , comprehensive and aesthetic ability of comprehension and also focuses on probing into presentation of comprehension neglected in teaching reading comprehension and composition and analyzes methods of its cultivation 為此，本文從古代語文教育、中國傳統哲學、西方格式塔頓悟學習觀三方面概述了悟性的理論淵源，著重分析了在現代語文教學實踐中悟性作為一種高級的、綜合的審美感悟能力所具有的特征、悟性培養的條件、悟性培養的策略；重點探討了在閱讀教學、作文教學中悟性缺失的具體表現及其培養方法。

The word “ schema “ first appeared in kant ' works at that time , kant attempt to combine the knowledge category with the perceptual object by scheme to find its great influence on knowledge acquisition , but his scheme was priori in the history of modern psychology , the gestalt school was the first one who payed attention to schema at the general theory level , and jean piaget also thought highly of schema , his theory was called schema theory , but this theory neglect the function of society and education , that is to say , in some degree his scheme theory has the incline of biologization 但其理論忽視社會和教育的作用，因此，其圖式學說存在一定程度的生物化傾向。從心理學史發展的另一條線?經驗主義來看，重視過去經驗的作用，認為圖式具有積極主動加工的特點。現代圖式理論是在吸收了理性主義和經驗主義，又在信息科學、計算機科學的發展以及心理學關于表征研究的基礎上，于20世紀80年代興起。

This paper gives an analysis of the history of western aesthetics by focusing on the ideas and approaches of kant , jung , arnheim and kandinsky , and discuses the four kinds of priori paradigms of artistic form , that is , priori form , prototypical form , gestalt form and abstract form in the hope of interpreting the priori layout , foundation and texture of art formalism 摘要通過梳理西方美學史從康德、榮格、阿恩海姆到康定斯基這四位美學家關于藝術形式的觀點、思路，本文考察了純粹形式、原型形式、格式塔形式和抽象形式這四種藝術的先驗形式論范式，從而為藝術形式主義尋索一種先驗論的格局、根基和脈絡。

This paper concisely and systematically introduces the concept of semiotics and architectural semiotic theory . meantime , it extends the theory with the trend of contemporary architecture and semiotics aesthetics . moreover , the dissertation introduces the theory on how to make up new architectural symbols ( archetypics , gestalt , typology ) and almost forms a complete semiotic system 論文簡明、系統地介紹了符號學的一些概念和建筑符號理論體系，結合當代西方建筑發展趨勢和符號美學的觀點對現代符號理論體系進行擴充，并介紹了建筑符號構建的基礎理論（原型學、完形學和類型學） ，以形成較為完整的建筑符號理論體系。

Contained within this paper , the logic of metaphor , simile , and metonymy are illustrated and the concepts of gestalt , context and layer in encoding aspects are introduced and suggested is a new model to clarify the cognitive distance between encoding and decoding 在編碼方面，本文以科學的態度?清暗喻、明喻、轉喻等文學名詞的定義，并介紹完型、脈絡、層次等編碼時應加注意的觀念；在解碼方面則提出一個新的模型架構來解釋編碼和解碼之間的認知距離。

“ while you have highly limited concepts about the nature of the self , you cannot begin to conceive of a multidimensional godhood , or a universal reality in which all consciousness is unique , inviolate ? nd yet given to the formation of infinite gestalts of organization and meaning 當你對自身的本性抱持高度局限的觀念時，你不能開始設想一個多維的神性，或者這樣一個普遍的實在，在其中所有意識都是獨特、不可侵犯，而又順從于無限組織和意義的完型。

Over and above the historic first of “ getting there , ” apollo ' s lasting legacy is that it redefined going to the moon for future generations as the gestalt - shifting moment that gave us singular insight into the fragility and preciousness of our home planet 除了是歷史上第一次登上月球之外，阿波羅的恒久的影響是，它使得登月對于未來的人們來說是一個心理振蕩的時刻，給了我們一個獨特的視角，使我們認識到我們的家園地球有多么的脆弱和珍貴。

When their experience grow up , their motive of inquiry is the main driving force of knowledge construction . secondly , the course of recognition can be analyzed from linear way , then we can say it consists of gestalt formation , schematizing and theory building 該模型告訴我們，在獲得經驗和具體事例的基礎上，主體進入第一種水平的知識建構階段，即格式塔的形成，然后進入圖式化，最后是理論建構。

But in a sea change from the gestalt of recent decades , many educators and child psychologists are concluding that less praise is often better and frequent praise for unexceptional actions can actually have a negative impact on children 從近十年完形心理的巨大變化，許多教育學家和兒童心理學家得出這樣一個結論：較少的表揚常常更好，對于普通行為的頻繁表揚實際上對孩子們有一定的負面影響。

But in a sea change from the gestalt of recent decades , many educators and child psychologists are concluding that less praise is often better and frequent praise for unexceptional actions can actually have a negative impact on children 譯:從最近十年的顯著變化來看,教育學家和兒童心理學家認為,極少地贊揚小孩好方面,以及過度地贊揚一種普通的行為,的確會給一個小孩帶來負面影響

Form vision and feeling psychology is the bridge which connects products designer to consumers . the paper accepts the theory of gestalt psychology and sums up several methods used to design electric products used in house 形態視知覺心理是溝通消費者與產品設計師橋梁，論文采納了格式塔心理學原理，運用形態視知覺心理歸納、總結了家電產品造型設計的幾種方法。

There are many researches on the concept and the mechanism of problem - solving , such as behavioral psychology , gestalt psychology and cognitive psychology . and the researches provide some use for reference to discuss physics problem - solving 行為主義、完形主義、認知主義在問題解決概念、問題解決機制等方面所作的探討為理解物理問題解決提供了一定的借鑒。

I ' ve recently completed a study of gestalt and client - centered combination on a depressed population , a clinically depressed population , and demonstrated that these processes are as effective as cognitive behavioral therapy or interpersonal therapy 我最近完成了一項對臨床抑郁者的研究，證實完形治療與人本治療的合并使用跟認知行為治療或人際治療一樣有效。

When a person wants to discover and change his “ losing streak , ” when he wants to become more like the winner he was born to be , he can use gestalt - type experiments and transactional analysis to make change happen 當一個人想發現并改變他接二連三的失敗厄運時，當一個人想變得更像一個天生的成功者時，他可以使用格式塔型試驗和事物處理分析法來促使發生變化。