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geomorphology

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geomorphology n.地形學。 -phologic . -phologic...

n. 地形學。 -phologic . -phological adj. “agricultural geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   農業地貌學“alpine geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   高山地貌學“analytic geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   動力地貌學; 分析地貌學“analytical geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   分析地貌學“applied geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   應用地形學“climatic geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   氣候地貌學“coastal geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   海岸地貌學“dynamic geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   動力地貌學; 動力地形學“engineering geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   工程地貌學“environmental geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   環境地貌學“erosional geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   侵蝕地貌學“experimental geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   實驗地貌學“fluvial geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   河道地形; 河霖貌學; 廉地貌“genetical geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   地形發生學“geographic geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   地理地貌學“geological geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   地質地貌學“geology and geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   地質地貌“global geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   環球地貌學; 全球地貌學“gravitational geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   重力地貌“historic geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   古地貌學; 歷史地貌學“historical geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   歷史地貌學“karst geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   喀斯特地貌學; 巖溶地貌學“lake geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   湖泊地貌學“loess geomorphology“ 中文翻譯：   黃土地貌“geomorphy“ 中文翻譯：   地貌 地貌學 地形學; 地形學“geomorphologist“ 中文翻譯：   n. 地形學家。

geophagy

On the other hand , the coastal system ' s natural adaptive response ( resilience and resistance ) to sea - level rise would induce or increase the potential risk . the changes of the coastal risk to sea - level rise are related to the coastal environment ( geology , geomorphology , coastal height , coastal slope and local ascend and subsidence trend ) . the coasts with high elevation , steep coastal slope , rocky cliff , and ascending stabilization are considered to be of higher autonomous adaptive capacity , and the lower autonomous adaptive capacity areas generally occur at lower - lying beach areas and delta coasts where coastal slope is low and the crust is descending 另一方面，海岸帶對海平面變化的自然適應能力( “彈力”和“阻力” )將使其對海平面變化的“敏感性”減少或增大，海岸自然適應能力與海岸帶的海岸環境(地質、地貌、海岸高程、海岸坡度，地殼升降運動等)有關，海拔高、海岸坡度大、地殼長期穩定上升的基巖海岸的自然適應能力較強，反之，海岸坡度平緩、地殼長期下降、地勢平坦的平原海岸和三角洲海岸的自然適應能力較弱。

Finally , each category of the classification system is that : 1 ) the extent of human activities as the first class : natural wetland landscape , half natural wetland landscape and artificial wetland landscape ; 2 ) geomorphology as the second class : flood land , depression , valley and terrace ; 3 ) marsh wetland vegetation as the third class , which amalgamated with the way of indistinct assemble classification 從而建立了一套完整的景觀生態制圖分類系統:第一級按人類活動影響程度劃分為:自然濕地景觀、半自然濕地景觀、人工濕地景觀;第二級按地貌劃分為:河漫灘、階地、湖濱、洼地、谷地;第三級對沼澤濕地植被25種類型進行模糊聚類歸并,得出不同比例尺的地圖制圖景觀類型。

With exploitation and utilization for more than one hundred years , the coal resources has made great contribution to the economy and society development of dawu town ; meanwhile it also has brought some harm and destruction on the geomorphology and eco - environment . raking dawu town in xuzhou as an example , this paper analyzes the current land utilization situation , confirms the optimal guidance idea and principles of land utilization structure 摘要大吳鎮煤炭資源經過了100多年的開發和利用，給國家社會經濟的發展做出了巨大的貢獻，但同時礦山的開采活動也給當地的地質地貌、生態環境產生影響和破壞。

Abstract : on the basis of summarizing experiences for the prevention and treatment of soil and water loss and soil and water conservation , we expounded the neccessity of establishing the theoretical system of soil and water conservation , the concept and substance of the soil and water conservation , the history and significance of the study of this discipline under the guide of the view of sustainable development . the authors emphatically discusses the main studied content of the discipline theory of soil and water conservation , here are them : the study of geomorphology theory on soil and water loss , the study of eco - system control theory on soil and water conservation and the study of system engineering and technology on soil and water conservation 文摘:以可持續發展為指導，在總結我國防治水土流失、進行水土保持經驗的基礎上，闡述了建立水土保持學科理論體系的必要性、水土保持的概念和實質、學科理論發展的歷史和研究意義，著重討論了水土保持學科理論的主要研究內容，認為應包括：水土流失的地貌學理論研究、水土保持的生態系統控制理論研究、水土保持的系統工程技術與方法研究。

The evolving degree of the regional geomorphology evidently affects on the features of the current crustal stress field . so the crustal stress fields change from the self - weight stress field to the horizontal stress field with the changing of the eroding degree of the regional geomorphology from valley area to hilly country to flat country 然而，區域性地貌的演化特征對現今地應力場具明顯的控制性，當區域性地貌特征從高山峽谷區向低山丘陵區和平原殘丘區轉變時，現今地應力場的特征也從自重應力場向水平應力場轉變。

On the basis of the analysis of the topography , geomorphology , geological structure of geothermal area and surroundings in fuzhou city , and the survey of hydrogeological condition , and the distribution of geothermal drilling , and the geothermal water exploitation , and the groundwater regime , and the scale and distribution of land subsidence , the relationship between land subsidence and geothermal water regime was discussed . the result showed that land subsidence of geothermal area in fuzhou city was mainly induced by the excessive extraction of geothermal water in the thesis 在分析研究福州市溫泉區及周圍的地形地貌、地質構造、水文地質條件的基礎上，對地熱井分布、流量、水位、地下熱水開采的歷史與現狀以及對地面沉降的表現、規模、分布規律進行了深入的調查；分析了地下熱水歷年水位、水量動態變化特征，并探討地下熱水與地面沉降的相關關系，結果表明過量開采地下熱水是導致福州市溫泉區地面沉降的主要原因。

As to the tunnels of jinping hydroelectric power station in sicuan province , the thesis discusses how to reasonably consider the initial stress field when designing a large - scale tunnel with high initial stress and deep buried . first , by analyzing of the rock lab tests and discusses the feature of regional geomorphology . explains the production of initial stress field , analyze the initial stress of jinping hydroelectric power station ; second , using the fem , the paper creates the real model of region . according to the results of stress measurement point , by combining of ann and fem to decide the boundary condition , the paper calculates the initial stress field ; at last , the paper analyzes the influence of the initial stress field formed from different condition on the deformation and stress of the surrounding rock , and the main factor to influence the initial stress . on the basis of the former work , the author proposes some proposals , which will be helpful for studying and designing of the similar undergroun d engineering 首先從巖體的應力?變形的特性入手，并結合工程區域的地形地貌特征，對巖體初始地應力場的形成做出解釋，結合錦屏水電站初始地應力的現狀提出了將地應力場進行分帶；然后建立整個工程區的實體模型，在地質分析的基礎上，以工程區右半部分為代表，參照實測點的初始地應力值，采用了神經網絡與有限元相結合的方法反演了該區域的初始地應力場；最后模擬隧洞的開挖，通過計算比較分析了初始地應力場對處于不同應力帶內的隧洞圍巖穩定性的影響，在此基礎上提出了作者的建議，力圖為該類工程的研究設計工作提供有益的幫助。

R extracts remote sense information and conventional information to establish special analysis information system about water resource in longkou city which includes special database and attributive database ~ based on the analysis of database , ten water resource mathematical calculation models have been set up , i . e . precipitation , runoff , groundwater , evaporation , discharge , utilizable water resources degree , industry and living with horton geomorphology and g theory 提取遙感信息和常規信息，建立龍口市水資源時空分析基礎數據庫，包括空間數據庫和屬性數據庫。基于基礎數據庫的分析，以horton地貌律和g理論為指導，建立降水量、徑流、地下水、蒸發量、水資源可利用量、工農業及生活用水量等十種水資源數學計算模型，即構建起模型庫。

Applying the basic theories of spatial data mining and geomorphology , taking the loess plateau of north shaanxi province , china as the research area , this dissertation explored the theories and systematic structures of geomorphologic data mining and acknowledge discovery from dems , ascertained the systematic structures of topographic factors and synthetic topographic acknowledge , as well as systemically summarized mining algorithms from dems . the author pa id more attention also to analyze the principle and algorithm of flow length , curvature , relief , the earth ' s surface incision and gully density . in this research , the elementary constitutes and mining algorithms of regional character acknowledge in the loess plateau were probed 本研究在廣泛總結前人研究成果與研究經驗的基礎上，利用空間數據挖掘和地形地貌學的基本理論，以陜北黃土高原多地貌類型區為實驗樣區，以1 10000比例尺dem為樣本數據，探討了dem中地形地貌數據挖掘與知識發現的理論方法和體系結構；確定了宏觀和微觀地形因子、地形綜合特征知識的體系結構；系統總結了dem基本地形因子的提取算法，并重點對坡長、曲率、地形的起伏度、切割深度和溝壑密度因子提取的原理與算法作了深入的分析；提出了黃土高原地區區域特征知識的基本構成及其系統完整、科學可行的挖掘提取算法；擴充了arcviewgis軟件平臺中dem空間分析的基本功能；實現了以delphi7 . 0為平臺的地形信息輔助挖掘系統的設計與開發；完成了對黃土高原多地貌類型區(樣區)地形信息空間分異特征的分析。

In recent years , the carst collapses that are occurring frequently in qixiashan hill area severely endanger the engineer and human life . there are many factors caused the occurring of the carst collapse in this area . besides the background of geology and geomorphology , the causes of changing of hydrodynamic , stress field of the earth s crust , and structure of rock and ground are more important 近年來，南京棲霞山地區巖溶地面塌陷頻繁發生，造成了巨大的經濟損失。巖溶地面塌陷的產生，除了地質地貌基礎外，更主要原因在于礦山開采改變了水動力條件地應力場及巖土體結構，尤其是礦坑疏干對水動力條件的影響最為顯著。

Just like spectrum can discern the object and their property detected , the slope spectrum can distinguish the types and their geomorphologic characteristics of the research area effectively , too ; especially the spatial distribution of the slope spectrum , as well as their inherent law of the terrain complexity and th e development of geomorphology can also be dig out . in the second , taken the loess plateau of north shaanxi province as the research area , this dissertation investigated the composing , types and the extraction method of the slope spectrum , analyzed the main influencing factors of extraction of the slope spectrum and the existing condition of the slope spectrum , as well as ascertained the critical area at which the slope spectrum can exist stably . the author paid more attention to investigate the spatial distribution of the slope spectrum in the loess plateau 其次，本文以陜北黃土高原為研究區，探討了坡譜的組成、類型與提取方法；分析了影響坡譜存在與提取的主要因素，并對地面坡譜的存在條件進行了實驗與探討，確定了陜北黃土高原地區地面坡譜穩定存在的臨界面積值；對陜北黃土高原地區地面坡譜的空間分異性特征進行分析，獲取了研究區坡譜的南北空間分異性規律；建立了我國地形數據庫(數字高程模型)在不同空間尺度(比例尺、分辨率、地域尺度)條件下的地面坡譜轉換關系，從而獲取了不同空間尺度地面坡譜的轉換圖譜模型，實現了利用高精度的大比例尺dem數據對中小比例尺dem數據的精度糾正，為各類dem數據適用性與應用精度的科學估算及有關標準的制定提供科學了依據。

Since 1990 ' s , because of recent recognition of potential global - scale interactions among climate , surface processes , tectonics , needs of engineering constructions and critical land - use decisions the theoretical problems of bedrock channel fluvial incision have been brought to the forefront of tectonic geomorphology 自20世紀90年代以來，由于對全球尺度的氣候、地表過程和構造之間相互作用的認識，以及工程建設和天然資源管理決策的需要，流水下切成為構造地貌學的理論研究前緣。

Study of a flood channel or flood - dominated channel of estuary is not only an important content in estuarine dynamic geomorphology and dynamic sediment , but also is a practical problem nearly related to the selection of harbor sites , regulation of sea - entering waterway , bank revetment and land reclamation , and even the comprehensive exploitation of estuaries 河口漲潮槽的研究不僅是河口動力地貌學和河口動力沉積學研究的重要內容和前沿課題，而且對港口選址、通海航道治理、護岸圍墾以及河口綜合開發利用都具有重要的研究和應用價值。

This paper analyzes the characteristics of geomorphology , geology , stage and wave , etc . in the area with radial sand bars , mainly describes the features of plane layout , waterway and hydraulic structures of dafeng port and l si port at this kind of area , summarizes the design and construction experience , and puts forward factors of consideration and matters of attention in future design and construction at the area 摘要分析輻射狀沙洲地區動力地貌、地質、水位、波浪等的特點，重點論述位于輻射沙洲地區的大豐港、呂四港的碼頭平面布置、航道、水工結構的特點，總結設計和施工經驗，提出以后該區域設計、施工須考慮的因素和注意的問題。

Depending on how the ground surface is denuded , the feature of the current crustal stress field and rock stress environment can be calculated analyzing the result in this paper : by analyzing the recovering feature of the elastic deformation of the rockmass in unload - stage under various pressures , it has been found there is close relationship between the recovering degree of the elastic deformation of the rockmass and the unloading degree of the pressure the direction of the major principal stress in the crustal stress field is not consistent with the direction of the crushing stress regional tectonics borne during the last tectonic movement . the evolving degree of the regional geomorphology evidently affects the current crustal stress field , which changes from the self - weight stress field to the horizontal stress field , with the changing of the eroding degree of the regional geomorphology ranging from valley area to hilly country to flat country . in valley area , where there is two stress belts , the bankslope s tress belt and the self - weight stress belt within the mountain . the direction of the major principal stress is nearly parallel to the ground surface and inclines towards the valley in the bankslope stress belt . it is nearly vertical in the self - weight stress belt 通過本文的研究成果，根據區域性地貌的演化特征，我們可以大致地對現今地應力場進行判斷：在分級卸荷條件下，巖體中彈性變形的恢復具有明顯的規律性，這種規律對于研究地應力場的演變是有幫助的；地應力場中最大主應力方向與區域構造形跡在最近的構造運動中所受區域性擠壓應力的方向無明顯的對應性；區域性地貌形態的演化程度對現今地應力場的特征具明顯的影響，隨著區域性地貌侵蝕程度由峽谷區、丘陵區、平原區的變化，現今地應力場特征由自重應力場、水平應力場為主含少量自重應力場特征向水平應力場的規律變化；在峽谷區，山體中具有兩個應力帶：自重應力帶和卸荷應力帶，最大主應力方向在卸荷應力帶中近平行于坡面并傾向于河谷、在自重應力帶中近于直立；根據原始地面遭剝蝕的程度，可以大致地估算最大主應力和中間主應力的量值和方向；在丘陵區和平原區，最大主應力的方向近于水平，并與附近區域性侵蝕盆地和河流的展布方向基本平行，根據原始地面遭剝蝕的程度，可以大致估算其最大主應力的量值；根據區域性地貌形態的特征來分析工程區的現今地應力場特征，并進而大致了解巖石的應力環境，這種分析方法得出的結論與許多實際的地應力測試成果基本一致，對于大型水電工程地下廠房和壓力隧洞的設計是有所幫助的。

By studying the ancient barrier lake sediments , this paper mainly probes into the ancient climate evolution rule of more scale and less from twenty - two thousand to ten thousand years before present , diexi , minjiang river . moreover , influences to lower reaches of minjiang river is simply discussed because of die out of the ancient barrier . the using correlative theories in this thesis are mc chronology , sedimentology , isotope geology , environmental geology , geomorphology 本論文運用~ ( 14 ) c年代學、沉積學、同位素地質學、地貌學等學科的有關理論，通過對岷江疊溪古堰塞湖湖相沉積物的研究，采用沉積物碳酸鹽碳氧同位素等多環境代用指標，研究岷江疊溪地區距今約22千年10千年古氣候演化規律，討論了古堰塞湖形成演化過程與地質環境的相關性。

Cthe method of establishment of spatial analysis information system about water resource in longkou city based on water experiment and observational data and special map , spatial database and attributive database of water resource is established with arc / info7 . 1 ~ arcview3 . 1 ~ photoshop5 . o ~ idrisi2 . o ~ . visual foxpro5 . o . taking horton geomorphology and valdes geomorphicly immectiate unit hydrograph ( g theory ) as theory direction , the database is analyzed and mathematical models is found . linking basic database and model database , that spatial database and attributive database of water resource is established 龍口市水資源時空分析信息系統構建的方法以水利實驗、觀測數據和專題地圖等資料為基礎數據，在arc / info7 . 1 、 arcview3 . 0 、 photoshop5 . 0 、 idrisi2 . 0 、 visualfoxpro5 . 0技術支持下，構建起水資源空間數據庫和屬性數據庫；以g理論和horton地貌律為理論指導，進行數據庫分析，并建立水資源數學計算模型，即模型庫構建；將基礎數據庫和數學模型庫藕合在一起，建立起龍口市水資源時空分析信息系統。

The structural slope - break zones are defined as the depositional slopes abrupt change in geomorphology and developed widely in fault and foreland basins , the recognition of which is significant for predicting the distribution of depositional systems tracts , particularly the lowstand systems tracts which usually comprised economically important reservoirs in these basins 構造坡折帶是由構造活動所產生的、對沉積作用具有長期控制作用的古沉積斜坡或古地貌突變帶，在斷陷或前陸等盆地中普遍發育，其識別對闡明盆內沉積體系域，特別是構成重要油氣藏的低位域的分布和預測具有重要意義。

In the course of soft soil foundation ditch construction , according to the soil condition of main foundation ditch and characteristics of geology and geomorphology around in yaojiang lock , proper construction technology was adopted to achieve satisfactory construction effect with the least input 摘要介紹根據姚江船閘主體基坑的土質條件和周邊的地形、地貌特點，在軟土地基基坑施工過程中因地制宜采取相應的施工工藝，以盡可能少的施工投入取得滿意的施工效果。