F - fraudulence 中文 - EN166

fraudulence n.欺騙性，欺詐。

fraudulent
However , in its process of development , china ' s convention and exhibition industry has encountered some undeniable problems , such as fraudulence , overlapping and redundancy , ipr infringement , deficiencies in the management system , lack of legal regulations , overheated exhibition facility construction , disruptive competition and the lagging behind of industrial associations 但同時，當前我國的會展業發展中也出現了一些不容忽視的問題，比如：騙展、重復展和侵權現象時有發生，管理體制不順，缺乏法律規范，展館建設過熱，市場競爭無序，行業組織建設滯后等等。
The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation , which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences . because market manipulation is a kind of special tort , the author agree on the use of the “ proof to the contrary “ theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship . besides , this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs , how to assess the losses of the damaged party 本文第三部分“操縱市場的因果關系研究”從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，并結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，并主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破“法律要件分類說”的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。
Paragraph of time , the physical - training teacher educating a branch to organize implement new class bid to middle and primary school reforming condition making an investigation , indicate on inquiry in the front , scale is small since a little school running a school , a little rural area elementary school , does not move space especially , be not enough to pay attention to waiting a minute or to physical training , do not have very good according to that new class switches over to demand to open enough physical education , since entering the higher school the system restraint , a little school defies student sports activities and good health , physical education birthplace having some of higher class with the method of work “ resorting to fraudulence “ , go ahead culture class within outside row physical education , at present major middle and primary school stadium field layout , equipment and material facilities are obsolete , short - supplied , foundation has no way to ensure that regular sports of school is flexible carrying out , is difficult to say material request adapting to new class more 前段時間，教育部門組織體育教師對中小學實施新課標改革情況進行調查，調查表明，一些學校由于辦學規模小，特別是一些農村小學，沒有運動場地，或者對體育鍛煉不夠重視等等，沒有很好地按照新課改要求開足體育課，由于升學制度的制約，一些學校無視學生體育活動和身體健康，有些高年級的體育課貫用“偷梁換柱”的做法，外排體育課，內上文化課，目前多數中小學體育場地布局、器材設施陳舊、緊缺，根本無法保證學校正常的體育活動的開展，更難以說適應新課材的要求。
The contents of this article can be divided into four parts as follow : the first part of this article first discusses the relations between market manipulation and other securities fraudulences , then puts an emphasis on such aspects about distinct kinds of market manipulation as the concepts , the ways on how to manipulate securities market and how to distinguish the acts of market manipulation in law . the second part of this article discusses that the intention of manipulation is a necessary requisite for market manipulation 除“導言”和“結語”外，本文的主要內容分為以下四大部分：本文第一部分“操縱市場的行為樣態分析”從操縱市場行為的概念及其與證券市場上其他主要的欺詐行為的關系入手，首先闡述了操縱市場行為與內幕交易等證券市場上其他欺詐行為的區別，然后重點對操縱市場行為不同行為樣態的概念、手法、構成要件和法律上的認定等方面展開了論述。
From more than three aspects such as robber - faking , fraudulence manipulation and technique packing to the cash flow sheet , this article attempted to reveal the various traps of manipulating the financial cash flow seriatim 但是，現金流量表也是可以粉飾、操控的，現金流量表的強盜式造假、欺騙性操縱和技巧性包裝等是操縱和粉飾的主要表現形式。
In china , it is of significance to conduct further research and practice on the case law to guard the violations of laws and rules such as false information , trading on inside information and market fraudulence 在我國，加強對判例法的研究和實踐，對防止虛假信息、內幕交易和市場欺詐等違法違規行為，具有積極的作用。
( 4 ) the design on hierarchical optimization functions is studied , and the fraudulence of hierarchical decomposable functions to algorithms is mostly discussed ( 4 )研究層次化函數的設計，著重分析層次化可分解函數對于優化算法的欺騙性。
And the difficulty in defining fraudulence towards clients is the complexity of the nature of liability 而把握欺詐客戶的難點在于責任性質的復雜性，既有合同責任又不能排除侵權責任的承擔，甚至還有竟合的可能。