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drosophila

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drosophila n.(pl. drosophilas, -lae )1....

n. (pl. drosophilas, -lae ) 1.【動物；動物學】果蠅 (＝fruit fly)。 2.〔D-〕 【動物；動物學】果蠅屬。 “cherry drosophila“ 中文翻譯：   櫻桃果蠅“curly in drosophila“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅的翹翅突變型“dark drosophila“ 中文翻譯：   醬油果蠅“drosophila fly“ 中文翻譯：   番茄果蠅“drosophila map“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅圖“drosophila mapping“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅作圖“drosophila melanogaster“ 中文翻譯：   果繩; 黑腹果蠅“drosophila protein“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅蛋白“drosophila segregation“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅分離“drosophila t virus“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅t病毒; 果蠅t簿“drosophila virus“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅病毒; 果蠅屬病毒; 果蠅屬簿“drosophila a and p viruses“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅a和p病毒; 果蠅a和p簿“drosophila c enterovirus“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅腸道病毒c型; 果蠅腸道簿c型“drosophila c picornavirus“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅c小核糖核酸病毒; 果蠅c小核糖核酸簿“drosophila c virus“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅c病毒; 果蠅c簿“drosophila melanogaster copia virus“ 中文翻譯：   黑尾果蠅copia病毒; 黑尾果蠅copia簿“drosophila melanogaster gypsy virus“ 中文翻譯：   黑尾果蠅gypsy病毒; 黑尾果蠅gypsy簿“drosophila melanogaster retro virus“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅轉化病毒; 果蠅轉化簿“drosophila melanogaster virus x“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅x病毒; 果蠅x簿“drosophila p virus“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅p病毒; 果蠅p簿“drosophila recessive lethal assay“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅隱性致死試驗“drosophila recessive lethal test“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅隱性致死試驗“drosophila salivary gland chromosome“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅唾腺染色體“drosophila sex chromosomes“ 中文翻譯：   果蠅性染色體“drosometre“ 中文翻譯：   露量計“drosomething like a hot potato“ 中文翻譯：   趕緊拋棄

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Additional specific topics include : constructing and modeling of genetic networks , lambda phage as a genetic switch , synthetic genetic switches , circadian rhythms , reaction diffusion equations , local activation and global inhibition models , center finding networks , general pattern formation models , modeling cell - cell communication , quorum sensing , and finally , models for drosophila development 外加的特定題目尚有：建構基因網絡的模型、以嗜菌體作為基因開關、合成基因開關、日夜節律、反應擴散方程式、局部活化和整體抑制模型、中心尋找網絡、整體型式生成模型、細胞間訊息互換的建模、數量感應，最后也將探討果蠅的發育模型。

Rab proteins are a family of small molecular weight gtpase of ras superfmaily with characteristic molecular weight about 22 - 25 kd . rab gtpases are expressed in almost all eukaryotic cells , ranging from yeast to drosophila and to human . they are ubiquitously or tissue - specifically expressed and function in all of cellular aspects Rab蛋白是屬于ras蛋白超家族的小g蛋白( smallg - proteinorsmallgtpase ) ，分子量大多在22 - 25kda之間，表達于從酵母、果蠅、小鼠到人類等各種真核生物中，發揮著各種各樣的功能；其在酵母中稱為ypt sec4p在高等真核生物中稱為rab 。

Studies of genes related to heart development in drosophila contribute to reveal the mechanisms of human heart development and the congenital heart diseases . to clone and identify new genes that control the heart development , by a way of chemical mutagen , ems , we have established 1 , 200 balanced - lethal lines on chromosome 2 and 3 . with the screening the 330 stocks with immunochemical method using heart - specific antibody , mab . no . 3 , we detected 60 lethal lines showing heart mutant phynotype 為了克隆和鑒定控制心臟發育的新基因，本研究利用化學誘變劑甲磺酸乙酯大規模地誘變果蠅，并且建立了1200個第二和第三染色體的平衡致死系，利用心臟組織特異抗體mab . no . 3對其中330個品系進行免疫化學方法篩選，觀察到有60個致死系表現出心臟突變表型， 20個品系的心臟突變表型有待進一步證實。

Two positive clones were sequenced , and the results showed that its nuclcotidc sequence includes an open reading segment which codes for a 45 - amino acids protein and three endonuclcase sites which arc1 bgii , bamh i and bgi ii , this protein was identified as metallothionein based on its characteristic described above and its similarity ( 85 % ) to the mtn gene of drosophila : the 10 cysteine residues present occur in five pairs of cys - x - cys , x is serine , valine , ilistidine or lysine 結果顯示：擴增的cdna片段長度為289bp ，其中含有一個編碼45個氨基酸的開放閱讀框，閱讀框所編碼的氨基酸中含有10個半胱氨酸，且在序列中均排列成cys - x - cys ，其中x為ser 、 val 、 his或lys 。這些特征說明擴增的基因片段為家蠅mt基因序列的一部分。此基因序列片段與果蠅mtn基因序列的同源性達到85 . 0 ，擴增的基因序列中含有三個內切酶位點bg 、 bam和bg ，這一點也和果蠅mtn基因十分相似。

In this thesis , we studied the effects of acetylation on hsp gene transcription regulation in drosophila melanogaster , in an attempt to disclose the mechanisms of the acetylation in hsp gene inducible transcription , at both the molecular and the chromosomal levels . the main results and conclusions are as followings 本文以黑腹果蠅為實驗材料，從不同角度研究了乙酰化修飾與熱休克基因表達調控的關系，并對乙酰化修飾在熱休克基因的誘導表達中的作用機制進行了探討，建立了分子水平與染色體水平上的聯系。

Two specific primers were designed and synthesized based on the conservative sequence contrasted to drosophila and other species mt gene by computer retrieving , which were named primerl and primer2 , the sequence of primer1 was : 5 “ caa gtg aat cat ctc agt gc3 “ , and that of primer2was : 5 “ tgt aga gag aca aga tgc ag 3 “ . rt - pcr technique was adoped to synthesizing the first - band of cdna , the second - band of cdna and expanding dna directly only by one step 根據已發表的果蠅以及其它生物的mt基因的保守序列，通過計算機同源檢索比較，設計兩個擴增引物，命名為引物1和引物2 ，引物1的序列是： 5 ’ caagtgaatcatctcagtgc3 ’ ，引物2的序列是： 5 ’ tgtagagagacaagatgcag3 ’ 。

Found the phenomenon observed in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans for the first time in 1998 , consequently similar processes have been described for drosophila melanogaster , trypanosome , mammals including humans . the mechanism is that sirnas is the mediator , which can induce the risc to the target mrna and degrade it . recently there was great progress in the specific gene therapy and anti - virus , and rnai has been a focus of rna molecular therapy 自1998年fire等在研究線蟲時首次發現以來，相繼在果蠅、渦蟲、錐蟲、小鼠及哺乳動物細胞中發現rnai現象。一般認為： rnai第四軍醫大學碩士學位論文效應作用機制是sirnaskmallinterferinguaduplex ）作為中介分于，引導risc （ rnaiinducingsuppresscomplex ）至靶基因m洲a處，隨后核酸內切酶將之降解。

The nucleotide sequence similarity and the putative amino acid sequence similarity of alpha - amylase gene of bombyx mandarina to those of bombyx mori , spodotera fruiperda , ostrinia nubilalis on 25 and drosophila subobscwa are 90 % , 12 % , 12 % , 5 % and 98 % , 80 % , 78 % , 58 % respectively ）相似性分別為90o 、 12 、 12o 、 50 ，推定氨基酸序列相似性分別為98 、 80 、 78 、 58 ，表明：野桑蠶與家蠶的親緣關系最近，果蠅與野桑蠶的親緣關系相對較遠。

Based on the foundation research of the interaction of virus and host actin , we recombine gfp gene - a reporter gene - with 5c actin gene of drosophila melanogaster , a gfp - actin fusion gene was obtained 本文在總結前人關于病毒與宿主肌動蛋白相互作用的研究的基礎上，利用綠色熒光蛋白基因為標記基因，與果蠅肌動蛋白基因5cactin基因融合，構成gfp - actin融合基因。

Unlike other methods , which lack penetrating power and can damage the specimen , mpm delivers crisp , clear images , even in thicker tissue samples like drosophila salivary glands 其它方法缺乏穿透力，并且會損害標本， mpm不同，它可以呈現出銳利清晰的圖像，即使像果蠅唾液腺組織這樣較薄的標本也是這樣。

Flybase is a database of genetic and molecular data for drosophila . flybase includes data on all species from the family drosophilidae ; the primary species represented is drosophila melanogaster 果蠅數據庫：為果蠅遺傳分子研究數據庫。包含果蠅科所有種類的資料，其中以黃果蠅為主。

Flybase is a database of genetic and molecular data for drosophila . flybase includes data on all species from the family drosophilidae ; the primary species represented is drosophila melanogaster 果蠅庫為果蠅遺傳和分子數據庫，包括果蠅科的各個種類，其中表述的主要類型是黑腹果蠅。

Preious studies hae shown that a reduction in insulin - like signaling in the neurons extends the lifespan in the worm , caenorhabditis elegans , and the fruit fly , drosophila melanogaster 之前已經有研究證實，減少神經元中胰島素樣信號可以延長蠕蟲、新桿狀線蟲、果蠅及黑腹果蠅的壽命。

Flybase is a database of genetic and molecular data for drosophila . flybase includes data on all species from the family drosophilidae ; the primary species represented is drosophila melanogaster 果蠅資料庫：為果蠅遺傳分子研究資料庫。包含果蠅科所有種類的資料，其中以黃果蠅為主。

Wnt - 1 , the vertebrate counterpart of the drosophila wingless gene , plays an important role in the early morphogenesis of neural tissues Wnt - 1基因是果蠅wingless （ wg ）基因在脊椎動物中的同源基因，在神經系統早期發育具有重要的作用。

Recent studies indicate that there is a remarkable similarity in early heart development pattern among drosophila , vertebrate and human 最近的研究表明，果蠅的早期心臟發育模式與脊椎動物及人的心臟早期發育模式具有驚人的相似性。

Those results indicate that bombyx mandarina and bombyx mori are closely related , while bombyx mandarina and drosophila subobscwa are relatively far related 88 ，野桑蠶59 90 ） ；密碼子位2亦表現較弱的瞟吟偏好性（家蠶55

The basic atlas of the drosophila brain provides the user with a hypertext tour guide to the basic structural elements of the drosophila nervous system 果蠅腦部基本圖：為使用者提供了針對果蠅神經系統基本結構元素的超文本導航。

The basic atlas of the drosophila brain provides the user with a hypertext tour guide to the basic structural elements of the drosophila nervous system 果蠅腦部簡譜：提供使用者各類相關資訊，以建立果蠅神經系統的基本概念。