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cotyledon

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cotyledon n.【植，解】絨毛葉，子葉。-donous, -dona...

n. 【植，解】絨毛葉，子葉。 -donous, -donal adj. “accumbent cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   側倚子葉“conduplicate cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   對折子葉“cotyledon cell“ 中文翻譯：   子葉細胞“cotyledon factor“ 中文翻譯：   子葉因子,絨毛葉因子“cotyledon petiole“ 中文翻譯：   子葉柄“cotyledon toxin“ 中文翻譯：   豬耳草毒素“cotyledon trace“ 中文翻譯：   子葉跡“cotyledon tube“ 中文翻譯：   子葉管“development of the cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   子葉發育期“diplecolobous cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   回折子葉“epigaeous cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   出土子葉“epigeal cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   出土子葉“fetal cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   胎絨毛葉“fleshy cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   肉質子葉“foetal cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   胎絨毛葉“hypogeal cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   留土子葉“hypogenous cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   地下子葉“incumbent cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   背倚子葉“lewsia cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   琉維草一種“maternal cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   母體絨毛葉“orthoploceous cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   縱折抱根子葉“placental cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   胎盤絨毛葉“uterine cotyledon“ 中文翻譯：   子宮絨毛葉“any stage of cotyledon development“ 中文翻譯：   子葉發育的任何一個階段“cotyledom“ 中文翻譯：   子葉“cotyle; acetabulum“ 中文翻譯：   髖臼；髀臼；腹吸盤

cotyloid

Cotyledon without petiole showed a significantly lower frequency of shoot regeneration ( 16 . 7 % ) compared with that of entire cotyledon ( 33 . 8 % ) , but the average number of shoots per explant ( 4 . 2 ) was more than that of entire cotyledon ( 2 . 5 ) . no shoot was obtained when the petiole alone was cultured . the frequency of shoot regeneration ( 8 . 3 % , 12 . 5 % ) and average number of shoots per explant ( 2 . 3 , 1 . 7 ) from the upper section of lamina or one side of lamina was lower than those of entire cotyledon 另一方面，以“種都一號”兒菜的不同子葉部位作為外植體所進行的研究結果表明，不帶子葉柄的完整葉片其芽再生率( 16 . 70 )顯著低于帶子葉柄的完整子葉( 33 . 8 ) ，但平均再生芽數，前者( 4 . 2 )卻高于后者( 2 . 5 ) ；子葉柄不能進行芽的分化；不帶子葉柄的子葉尖端和子葉一側，其芽再生率(分別為12 . 5 、 8 . 30 )及再生芽數(分別為2 . 3 、 1 . 7 )也明顯低于帶子葉柄的完整子葉。

The results of variance analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the same organ of soybean varieties , but the difference was highly significant in different organs of same variety . the content of isoflavones in organs on the ground was much more than that of underground at the stage of coming out , and isoflavones in cotyledon was much more than in other tissues in the stage of seedling 營養生長期異黃酮的分布存在組織特異性而無種屬特異性，各組織間的差異達到極顯著水平：在大豆出苗期，地上部分的異黃酮含量遠高于地下部分；幼苗期子葉中異黃酮遠高于其它部分；壯苗期和盛花期，葉片中異黃酮的含量遠高于別的組織。

In this paper , genetic transformation systems by agrobacterhim rhizogems was established and optimized and high quality regenerating system was selected . the products of indigotin and indirubin in regenerating plantlets had been detected by hplc . the main studies and results were reported as follows : 1 establishment and selection of hairy root clones taken cotyledons of autotetraploid indigoblue woad as explants and hairy roots induced successfully from them by agrobaterium rhizogenes strains a4 and r1000 本文利用發根農桿菌rit - dna建立并優化了四倍體菘藍的遺傳轉化體系，并對再生植株的主要代謝產物靛藍、靛玉紅進行了含量檢測，篩選了優良無性系，也為實現外源抗蟲、抗病等基因的導入奠定了基礎。

4 . after having established genetic transformation system with tomato cotyledons as explant and determined the transformable of preculture time , incubation time and co - culture time , we set up the system of high frequency transformation of tomato cotyledons . then hbmp - 3m gene was transferred into tomato via agrobacterium - mqdiated transformation , and the resistant plants to hyg were obtained . by pcr analysis on part of the putative transformants , we identified that hbmp - 3m gene had been integrated into the genome of part of tomato plants . 5 . transferred hbmp - 3 gene into tobacco via agrobacterium - mediated transformation and obtained the resistant plants to hyg . trans genie tobacco plants were confirmed by instantaneous expression of gus gene in calli detection , growth and bio - morphology analysis , hyg - resistant experiment and pcr analysis 通過pcr檢測證實部分番茄抗性植株中已導入hbmp - 3m基因；人骨形成蛋白一3成熟膚基因和全長基因分別轉化番茄和煙草的研究5 .通過農桿菌介導法將hbmp一3全長基因導入煙草，并且獲得了hyg抗性植株，通過gus基因瞬時表達檢測、轉化植株的生長情況及形態學分析、 hyg抗性鑒定及pc尺檢測，證明目的基因己經整合到煙草基因組中。

S . regeneration system of mustard hypocotyls and cotyledons of 4 days and leaves of 25 days were used as transformation materials , and ms as basic medium supplying different ba ^ naa and kt concentration , we got the optimum explant adventitious bud inducing medium ( ms + 6 - ba3 . 0mg / l + naa0 . 2 mg / l ) . among the three kinds of mustard explants . the cotyledons showed the highest adventitious bud regeneration capacity . and the regeneration capacity of leaf explantswas weaker . and the weakest of hypocotyls 芥菜高頻再生體系的建立以4天左右的葉用和莖用芥菜子葉、下胚軸和25天苗齡的芥菜無菌苗的葉片為外植體，以ms為基本培養基，通過加入不同濃度和不同組合的ba 、 naa 、 kt ，篩選到了外植體不定芽分化的最適培養基( ms + ba3 . 0mg / l + naa0 . 1mg / l )及生根的最適培養基( ms + naa0 . 2mg / l ) 。

The genotype is a main factor in the genetic transformation via agrobacteriwn - mediated . the results of orthogonal experiments of the factors which affect mainly the transformation illuminates that the erniuxin genotype + bacterium 15 x + explant + dip - dye is the best one . the cocultivation time is 28 days . the experiment shows that : the erniuxin cotyledon regeneration frequency is very high , and that the dongnong901 hypocotyl regeneration frequency is very high 確立了農桿菌介導轉化過程中基因型是影響轉化率的主要因素。通過極差分析，基因型為“二牛心” ，菌液濃度15倍的，外植體為子葉，感染方法為浸泡法是最佳的組合。農桿菌與外植體共培養的時間為28h 。

There are also different in inducing cluster buds from callus of clone gingkgo and its other tissues and organs , some callus can induce cluster buds , but others can not . differentiation rate from the callus of cotyledon can be up to 36 % and the number of cluster buds is positive related to the times of subculturing 但是不同器官誘導的愈傷組織對于叢生芽的誘導也是不同的，子葉誘導的愈傷組織的分化率較高，有36左右，并且繼代次數的增加也能夠增加分化的幾率

Cotyledon and hypocotyl ' s rate and quamity are the most among these explams , and callus can be obtained in 10 days by cotyledon and hypocotyl . reversely it is difficult to indue callus with root , and the callus from root is lnde and easy to become browning . the calius obtained from leaf grows very slow and does not become browning uniill in 2 or 3 months 銀杏的不同器官和組織都能夠誘導出愈傷組織來，其中，子葉和胚軸10d左右全部愈傷化，誘導速度和誘導率均最高，根則很難誘導，愈傷組織很少，褐化很快；葉片誘導的愈傷組織，生長慢，褐化也慢，在培養基上保持兩三個月而不褐化；胚乳的誘導時間也較長，需要30d左右。

Gibberillin content of shoot apices in plant was 5 times higher than that of control after ga treatment . cold treatment promoted synthesis of endogenous ga . the content of ga in seedlings at cotyledon stage , shoot apices and leaves of seedlings were 4 times , 2 . 5 times and 170 % as much as control after cold treatment 外源赤霉素處理使植株莖尖的赤霉素含量達到對照的5倍多；低溫處理促進內源赤霉素含量的增加，萌動種子和幼苗低溫處理后子葉期幼苗和幼苗的莖尖、葉片分別比對照和低溫處理前增加了3倍、 1 . 5倍和70 。

Soybean isoflavones distribution was investigated in vegetative growth period ( four stages before seeding ) . the isoflavones in soybean seeds transferred from cotyledon to other organs and isoflavoids metabolized in organs with the growth of soybean plant 大豆營養生長期種子中貯存的異黃酮逐步由種子向子葉，繼而向其它器官(主要是葉片)轉移，不同器官在植株生長發育過程中進行著異黃酮類物質的代謝。

Cotyledon and true leaves of stem mustard were cultured on ms medium supplemented with different concentrations of various cytokinins ( ba , cppu , tdz or kt ) alone or in combination with naa or iba , and the adventitious buds regeneration rate was evaluated . 以榨菜子葉、真葉為外植體進行離體培養，用ba 、 cppu 、 tdz和kt等細胞分裂素和生長素naa 、 iba組合誘導子葉、真葉再生不定芽試驗。

The average frequency of shoot regeneration in the cms line was 30 . 0 % and 2 . 34 % respectively and that in maintainer line was 30 . 0 % and 3 . 54 % respectively . on the other hand , explants of different sections of cotyledon resulted in different shoot regeneration abilities 不育系子葉與下胚軸的平均芽再生率分別為30 . 00和2 . 34 ；而保持系的平均芽再生率分別為30 . 0和3 . 54 。

Kt induced a slightly increase of cotyledon area in darkness and apparent enlargement was obtained under light especially wl , bl and rl . either light or kt could induced cotyledon enlargement and they showed independent and additive effect on the response 分析紅光和藍光與kt在促進子葉擴大中的作用，發現光與kt獨立地調節子葉擴大反應，二者主要表現為加性效應。

It is easy to induce callus derived from hypocotyls and cotyledons , but callus derived from root tip was rather difficult to be done . the most suitable medium for callus induction was the ms medium containing ba 0 . 5 mg / l and l . omg / l naa 愈傷組織的誘導與再分化的研究顯示： “種都一號”兒菜下胚軸與子葉愈傷組織誘導較容易，但根尖很難愈傷化。

2 establishment of genetic transformation system by agrobacterium rhizogenes the different types of explants ( hypocotyls , cotyledon , leaf blade , petiole ) were infected by strain r1601 of agrobacterium rhizogenes （ 2 0mg l ）上培養30d后經過體細胞胚胎發生途徑產生大量的叢生苗；子葉培養在誘導子葉產生叢生苗培養基（ msoc ） ms ba （ 2 0 。

2 . the sensitivity to so2 differs in various plant growth period . the resistant ability to so2 in cotyledon period > real leaves period . the ability in two real leaves and four real leaves have n ' t clearly difference 植物不同生育時期對so _ 2的敏感性不同，植物對so _ 2的抗性是子葉期真葉期， 2片真葉期和4片真葉期對so _ 2的抗性差異不顯著。

3 . through the ladder experiment of selecting transformer concentration by hyg , the proper selecting transformer concentration is 20mg / l hyg to tomato cotyledons and 35mg / l hyg to tobacco discs 經潮霉素梯度篩選試驗，最終確定番茄的適宜篩選濃度為20mg l ，煙草的適宜篩選濃度為35mg l ； 4

By the analysis of mutant growth we can conclude that the photoreceptors of phya , phyb and cryl are responsible for the cotyledon enlargement under fr , rl and bl , respectively Kt促進離體和連體子葉的擴大，黑暗條件下促進作用弱。在白光、紅光、藍光下kt對子葉的擴大效應明顯。

The explants of for root , hypocotyl and cotyledon were cultured . among them the hypocotyls from 20d or 30d seedings was the best for callus forming and anthocyanin production 以20d或30d齡的無菌苗下胚軸作外植體，效果好，愈傷組織生長量大，花色素苷的含量也高。