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chromatin

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chromatin n.【生物學】染色質，染色粒。

n. 【生物學】染色質，染色粒。 “active chromatin“ 中文翻譯：   活動性染色質; 活性染色質“basic chromatin“ 中文翻譯：   堿性染色質; 堿性染質“beaded chromatin“ 中文翻譯：   念珠狀染色質“chromatin agglutination“ 中文翻譯：   染色質凝聚“chromatin and chromosome“ 中文翻譯：   染色質和染色體“chromatin bead“ 中文翻譯：   染色質珠“chromatin body“ 中文翻譯：   核質體; 染色質體“chromatin bridge“ 中文翻譯：   染色質橋“chromatin condensation“ 中文翻譯：   染色質凝聚“chromatin condensed“ 中文翻譯：   染色質凝聚“chromatin decondensation“ 中文翻譯：   染色質解凝（聚）“chromatin dimilution“ 中文翻譯：   染色質解凝; 染色質消減“chromatin diminution“ 中文翻譯：   染色質消減; 染色質消滅“chromatin expansion“ 中文翻譯：   染色質膨脹“chromatin fiber“ 中文翻譯：   染色絲質; 染色質絲; 染色質纖維“chromatin granule“ 中文翻譯：   核染質粒體; 染色質粒“chromatin grouping“ 中文翻譯：   染色體組織型“chromatin helixication“ 中文翻譯：   染色質螺旋化“chromatin knot“ 中文翻譯：   染色質結“chromatin margination“ 中文翻譯：   染色質邊集“chromatin mass“ 中文翻譯：   染色質塊“chromatin negative“ 中文翻譯：   染色質陰性“chromatin network“ 中文翻譯：   染色質核仁; 染色質網絡“y-chromatin“ 中文翻譯：   y染色質“chromatids“ 中文翻譯：   染色單體“chromatid-non-disjunction“ 中文翻譯：   染色單體不分離

chromatism

Histon acetylation plays an important role in regulation chromatin structure and transcriptional activity . however , there is a lit tle investigation in cloned cattle about histone acetylation . andmore , in many dead cloned cattle , the lung abnormality is mostly obvious 在報道的克隆牛發育異常中，肺臟的異常比較普遍和明顯，而在我們的克隆牛工作中也發現了類似問題，所以我們選用克隆牛肺臟組織作為實驗材料，進行組蛋白乙酰化研究。

Portunus , trituberculatus the spermatogonium exist in two different forms , the second form comes from the first one . during spermatogenesis , chromatins condense at different level . the nucleus changes into homogeneous since middle spermatid stage , and the nucleus extends into the radial arm 三疣梭子蟹在生精細胞階段，染色質不同程度的濃縮凝集；在精細胞階段，核質呈均質狀，形成薄壁的圓球形核杯，部分核質延伸入輻射臂內。

According to the changes of the structure of chromatin and the morphology of cell , the process of the typical spermatogenesis of cipangopaludina chinensis can be divided into five stages : spermatogonium , primary spermatocyte , secondary spermatocyte , spermatid and mature sperm 中國圓田螺典型精子發生時，根據染色質和細胞形態的變化，可將其發生分為以下五個時期：精原細胞、初級精母細胞、次級精母細胞、精細胞和成熟精子。

At last , chromatin structure is formed . with the development of single moleculer manipulation . much research work has been done on dna by optical tweezer , magnetic tweezer , micropipe , and so on . all these work has opened a new area in molecuer biology 隨著單分子操作的實驗技術的發展，人們通過光鑷、磁鑷、微吸管等等，研究dna分子的力學性質，探索dna與蛋白質的相互作用，為分子生物學的研究開辟了新的天地。

And also for the establishment of the technique , we were interested in examining whether rad18 plays a role in this ho - induced dsb repair in s . cerevisiae . to measure the association of radls with dsb , we used the chromatin immunoprecipitation ( chip ) 但是具體這一修復復合物的泛素化底物蛋白是什么，它們又具體結合于什么樣性質的dna損傷部分，目前并不清楚，而這兩點是研究泛素系統在dna修復中的作用的關鍵。

Exopalarmon carinicanda there are two kinds of spermatogenium in this species , the second kind spermatogenium come from the first one . chromatins condense in each stage at different level . the nucleus changes into two forms : fibrous nuclear and vesicular nuclear 在生精細胞階段核內染色質有不同程度的凝集，在成熟精子中核質分化成泡狀核和絲狀核，整個精子發生過程無核仁發現。

The head of spermatozoa contains a nucleus but no acrosome . the nuclear fossa developes well . during the process of spermtogenesis , within the nucleus the chromatin condenses step by step into wads , among which are loose chromatin fibers 成熟精子頭部無頂體，主要為核占據，精子形成過程中，細胞核中的染色質濃縮成致密的團塊狀，團塊狀的染色質之間分布著松散的纖維狀染色質。

Clones are lost from the earliest developmental stages and throughout pregnancy . now more and more studies support the evidence on the failure of cloning : chromatin inappropriate epigenetic reprogramming , and then result in abnormal genes expression 大量的研究表明，克隆動物在核移植后其染色質的再程序化表現異常，使細胞不能成功地通過調節轉錄活性而有效地控制其發育分化。

Typical sperm , which has normal amounts of chromatin , can take part in fertilization ; however , atypical sperm , which has abnormal amounts of chromatin , or has no chromatin , ca n ' t take part in fertilization , but has nutritional function 典型精子含有正常的染色質，因而能參與受精作用；異型精子含有不正常量的染色質，或不含染色質，因而不參與受精作用，多具營養功能。

The smear , frozen section and paraffin sections show reactive astrocytosis , abundant foamy macrophages , and isolated atypical cells with enlarged , hyperchromatic and oval nuclei with abnormal chromatin pattern 涂片、冰凍切片和常規切片都出現了反應性的星形細胞、許多泡沫狀的巨噬細胞和單個散在的非典型性細胞，這些細胞核大、染色深、核卵圓，并且伴有異常的染色質。

After marking with gfp and hochest33342 , we also observed the multinuclei and chromatin bridges in hela cells that were transfected with the c - terminal expressing plasmids corresponding to the human smc subunits hcap - e and hcap - c , respectively 進行rt一pcr檢測表明人集縮素smc亞基hcap一e和hcap一c的c一末端真核表達質粒在hela細胞內得到過表達。

Simple cuboidal epithelium in mallory stain ( longitudinal cut ) . note the dark chromatin clumps in the nuclei . underneath the epithelium lies a small blood vessel filled with orange - colored blood cells 馬氏染色顯示單層立方上皮（縱切面） 。細胞核內可見深染的染色質團塊。緊貼上皮深部可以見到一個小血管，充滿染成黃色的血細胞的。

If the intercellular rhizobia were farther from meristematic nuclei , the changes of the nuclei were not very obvious , only their chromatin had started to change from lump - ship to strip - ship , but there were nucleoli in the muclei 當胞間根瘤菌靠近分生細胞核時，細胞核變小，染色質密度增加并形成網狀，而且無核仁出現。

S . oogenesis oogenesis can be devided into four stages : oogonia , provitellogenic oocytes , vitellogenic oocytes and mature egg . the chromatin in oogonia nucleus is in the shape of electron - densed granules 卵子發生卵子發生可分為卵原細胞、卵黃發生前的卵母細胞、卵黃發生的卵母細胞、成熟卵細胞四個階段。

For 24 h was observed under phase - contrast microscope flourescent micrographs by acridine orange staining . the morphologic changes of apoptotic cells included neurite disappearance , nuclear chromatin condensation , and so on 在一定濃度范圍內對培養早期神經細胞的分化有促進作用，而在后期卻有神經毒作用

Chromatin the loose network of threads seen in nondividing nuclei that represents the chromosomal material , consisting of dna , protein ( mainly histone ) , and small amounts of rna 染色質：間期細胞內由dna ，蛋白質（主要是組蛋白） ，以及少量的rna組成的線性復合結構，是間期細胞遺傳物質存在的形式。

Spermatogenesis macrobrachium rosenbergii during spermatogenesis , chromatins keep on condensing until mid - spermatid stage . the nucleus changes into two forms : fibrous and homogeneous forms 精子發生羅氏沼蝦精子發生過程中染色質凝集程度逐漸增大，至精細胞中期凝集程度達到最大。

Recent advances have allowed nucleosome dynamics on promoters to be studied in real time , dramatically changing how we think about gene regulation on chromatin templates 目前的進展已經能夠實時地監控啟動子上核小體的動力學改變，戲劇性地改變了我們對染色體上基因調控的認識。

The nuclei are monomorphic with inconspicuous nucleoli . the nuclear chromatin has somewhat granular appearance . mitotic actiity is not increased . ( same case as preious 2 illustrations ) 瘤細胞核形態單一，核仁不明顯。核內染色質呈顆粒狀表現。有絲分裂活性未見增強。