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caudal

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caudal adj.【解剖學；動物學】尾的；尾部[側]的，尾狀的。 ...

adj. 【解剖學；動物學】尾的；尾部[側]的，尾狀的。 caudalfin 尾鰭。 caudal appendage 尾。 “caudal acceleration“ 中文翻譯：   向尾加速度“caudal anaesthesia“ 中文翻譯：   硬膜外麻醉“caudal analgesia“ 中文翻譯：   管麻醉“caudal anesthesia“ 中文翻譯：   脊尾麻醉, 骶管麻醉“caudal appendage“ 中文翻譯：   尾突,尾突“caudal artery“ 中文翻譯：   尾動脈“caudal articulation“ 中文翻譯：   尾椎關節“caudal block“ 中文翻譯：   管麻醉; 骶管封閉; 骶管阻滯“caudal branches“ 中文翻譯：   尾狀葉支“caudal bristle“ 中文翻譯：   尾鬃“caudal coliculus“ 中文翻譯：   尾側泌涎核“caudal colliculus“ 中文翻譯：   后丘; 尾側丘“caudal commissure“ 中文翻譯：   后連合“caudal displacement“ 中文翻譯：   尾移位“caudal end“ 中文翻譯：   尾端“caudal fan“ 中文翻譯：   尾扇“caudal fin“ 中文翻譯：   尾鰭“caudal flesh“ 中文翻譯：   尾肉“caudal flexure“ 中文翻譯：   尾曲, 骶曲“caudal fold“ 中文翻譯：   尾褶“caudal fork“ 中文翻譯：   尾叉“caudal fovea“ 中文翻譯：   尾凹“caudal furca“ 中文翻譯：   尾叉“continuous caudal“ 中文翻譯：   持續骶管麻醉“caudal abdominal artery“ 中文翻譯：   腹壁后動脈“caudaite“ 中文翻譯：   小隕石

Looked at from above , its round body and wide spreading caudal fins resemble the chinese character “ ? “ ( wen ) 從上俯視，魚體渾圓，尾鰭散開，極像文字，因而得名。

Looked at from above , its round body and wide spreading caudal fins resemble the chinese character “ ? “ ( wen ) 從上俯視，魚體渾圓，尾鰭散開，極像文字，因而得名。

caudate

The nucleus of the solitary tract ( nts ) innervates the visceral primary afferents of most organs in the neck , chest and abdomen . the rostral part of nts receives the special visceral , gustatory afferents , while the mid - caudal part receives the respiratory , gastrointestinal and cardiovascular afferents 孤束核( nts )接受頸、胸和腹腔大部分內臟器官的感覺傳入，其吻段1 / 3主要與特殊內臟感覺的味覺傳入有關，中尾段2 / 3主要與呼吸器官、胃腸道和心血管等內臟傳入有關。

( 2 ) our experimental results have shown the topographycal distribution of the cfs of neurons in a - 1 . generally the neurons with high cfs laid in the rostral part of a - 1 , and the neurons with low cfs laid in its caudal part . the similar isofrequency strip was observed in a - i cortex (二)大鼠皮層a區聽神經元的特征頻率( cf )分布具有分域特性， cf為高頻的神經元分布在a區嘴側， cf為低頻的神經元分布在a區尾側，實驗還發現在a區的內外側方向有類似的等頻帶存在。

Using the methods of fluoro - gold ( fg ) retrograde tracing combined with immuno - fluorescence histochemistry , cb - immunoreactive neurons expressed immunoreactivity for fos protein in nts which send their axons to bst were investigated . after injecting fg into bst mainly in lateral part , the fg retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the mid - caudal part of nts bilaterally with ipsilateral side predominance . cb - and fos - immunoreactive neurons were distributed equally in both sides of nts 結果顯示：將熒光金（ fg ）注入一側終紋床核外側部（ bstl ）后，中尾段nts內雙側出現fg逆行標記神經元，注射區同側占優勢； nts的相同平面可觀察到雙側等量分布的兔疫反應陽性的cb和fos神經元：三種神經元的分布有明顯的重疊現象。

In order to imitate tune tail fin better , a flexible fin only in chordwise is considered . results shows that flexibility can increase the propulsive efficiency and cause small decreases in the average thrust compared with a rigid caudal fin with similar motion . next , a comparison between the rectangle fin and the lunate fin is given 為了使數學模型更貼近生物模型，本文又將尾鰭處理為只考慮弦向變形而不考慮展向變形的柔性體，兩者對比的結果表明，柔性翼使得平均推力減小，但是，對具有相同推力的柔性翼比剛性翼具有更高的效率。

The test proves that the caudal fin oscillation frequency , the maximum amplitude of vibration of caudal fin , the caudal fin strikes the water angle influence the fish ’ s speed ; the curve experiment has obtained curve radius of inertia advance curve and static curve ; the ups and downs experiment proves that the pectoral fin on different angle influences the fish to move ups and downs 加減速試驗論證了尾鰭擺動頻率、尾鰭后緣最大擺幅以及尾鰭的最大擊水角度對魚體速度的影響;轉彎試驗測得了機器魚慣性前進轉彎和靜止轉彎時的轉彎半徑;在機器魚的升潛試驗中論證了胸鰭不同轉角對升潛運動的影響。

This paper presents an overview of the swimming mechanisms and the caudal fin locomotion employed by fish . a practical method is brought forward that use the track of the caudal fin oscillating to study the locomotion of the robotic fish . and this paper mimic the bcf ( body and / or caudal fin ) propulsive fish with a three - link robotic fish model ( oucefish - i ) for oscillating foil propulsion , and then describes the design ( hardware and software ) of it in detail 本文對魚類的游動機理和尾鰭運動學原理進行分析，提出利用尾鰭擺動軌跡研究機器魚的運動學原理方法，設計并實現了一種三關節仿bcf ( bodyand orcaudalfin身體加尾鰭)高效推進方式機器魚模型( oucefish - ) ，通過對機器魚的姿態、運行軌跡進行控制和分析，并對機器魚的實驗結果做了分析，達到研究分析機器魚的運動學原理的目的。

The sixth section gives the experimental results in the quasi - steady flow around the caudal fin and mimic the forward swimming using the caudal fin as the propulsor . and then review the speed and track of the robotic fish swimming when locomotion parameters are set in the experiment condition 第六部分通過機器魚的自主游動實驗，初步模擬了機器魚利用尾鰭擺動推進前進，考察了實驗條件下設定魚的尾鰭擺動相關參數的情況下魚的游動速度和尾鰭的擺動軌跡情況。

The marginal division ( mrd ) , first discovered by shu siyun , is a newly termed subterritory of the striatum with function related to learning and memory . it forms a belt - shaped zone locating at the caudal margin of the striatum and surrounding the globus pallidus , running dorsoventrally 紋狀體邊緣區( marginaldivision ， mrd )是舒斯云等自1987年來先后在大鼠、貓和猴等哺乳動物的紋狀體尾側，環繞蒼白球外側處發現的一個新區。

The robotic fish model selected in this paper which consider an idealized bcf propulsive fish model that consists of only three links : the rigid body in the foreside ; the high aspect ratio caudal fin ; the caudal peduncle which connects the caudal fin and the body 機器魚的模型建立是把理想的bcf推進式魚類分為三個部分，分別是：前部剛性的身體，大展弦比的尾鰭和一個連接以上兩部分的尾頸。

Further , driving fin motion model is setup and simulated using matlab , the relation of phase difference between feathering and heaving motion to caudal fin is deeply analyzed . simulation shows that the proposed model is correct and reliable 利用尾鰭和擺翼運動特征的相似性，建立了擺翼運動模型，同時利用matlab軟件進行了擺翼的運動仿真，并重點探討了擺動?平動相位差對擺翼運動的影響。

Internal bones are highly ossified ; base of dorsal fin broad , about 1 / 4 of total length of the fish ; more than 10 pieces of ventral caudal fulcra . teleostei family lycopteridae cockerell 1925 genus jinanichthys ma et al . , 其骨魚類kleostel狼鰭魚科lycopteridaecockerell 925吉南魚屬jinanichthysmaetal 1988屬型種ltcopteralongic印halusliuetal

This dissertation sets up the kinematics model on the basis of the biomimetic study of lunate - tail propulsion steady swimming fish and of the analysis of fish body motion and caudal fin motion 本文在綜合國內外魚類游動文獻中的有關研究成果的基礎上，分析了魚類游動過程中魚體和尾鰭運動，建立了月牙尾推進模式穩態游動的運動學模型。

The quest for the perfect halfmoon by selectively breeding for branching and straight caudal edges has given rise to a new development in the betta splendens tailforms - the rosetail 為追求最完美的半月斗魚，經由淘汰育種，培育巨大或直挺的尾鰭，斗魚尾鰭樣式已經演化出一新的支系，著名的玫瑰尾斗魚。

And explain the correlative parameters and the mechanics of the caudal fin locomotion . the equation of the robotic fish caudal fin locomotion is deduced in the third section 在第三部分，本文分析了魚類尾鰭推力方程，說明了提高尾鰭擺動的振幅和頻率可以提高尾鰭的前向推力。

First , we calculate the hydrodynamic performance of the caudal fin which is considered as a rigid body using surface panel method . then a detailed analysis is given 首先把尾鰭視為剛性體，采用面元法計算其水動力性能，詳細分析其水動力系數隨尾鰭運動參數的變化規律。

Based on the strategy , this paper gives the equation of caudal oscillating track when the robotic fish swimming forward with a certain speed by using two - link caudal fin 根據以上模型，本文給出了機器魚在某個時間段勻速下機器魚兩關節尾鰭擺動軌跡方程。

Methods 470 cases of ureteral calculi were treated with ureteroscopic ballistic lithoclast under caudal block anesthesia or urethral surface anesthesia 方法在門診內鏡手術室骶管阻滯麻醉或尿道表面麻醉下行輸尿管鏡術加氣壓彈道碎石術治療輸尿管結石470例。