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biotic

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biotic adj.生命的，生物的；生物引起的 (＝ biotica...

adj. 生命的，生物的；生物引起的 (＝ biotical)。 “biotic adaptation“ 中文翻譯：   生物適應“biotic area“ 中文翻譯：   生物區“biotic balance“ 中文翻譯：   生物平衡“biotic barrier“ 中文翻譯：   生物障礙; 生物阻限“biotic climax“ 中文翻譯：   生物頂極群落; 生物頂級群落， 生物性演替頂極; 生物演替頂極“biotic community“ 中文翻譯：   生理群落; 生物共同體; 生物界; 生物群落“biotic component“ 中文翻譯：   生物組元“biotic condition“ 中文翻譯：   生物條件“biotic constitution“ 中文翻譯：   生物憲法“biotic control“ 中文翻譯：   生物防治; 生物控制“biotic cycle“ 中文翻譯：   生物循環“biotic district“ 中文翻譯：   生物區域“biotic divisions“ 中文翻譯：   生物分區; 生物區“biotic ecotype“ 中文翻譯：   生物生態型“biotic elicitor“ 中文翻譯：   生物激發子“biotic energy“ 中文翻譯：   生命力; 生命能, 生物能“biotic environment“ 中文翻譯：   生物環境；生命環境“biotic equilibrium“ 中文翻譯：   生物平衡“biotic experiment“ 中文翻譯：   生物實驗“biotic factor“ 中文翻譯：   生物條件; 生物因素；生命因素“biotic factors“ 中文翻譯：   生物因素“biotic formation“ 中文翻譯：   生物群落; 生物群系；植物群落“biotic habitat“ 中文翻譯：   生物環境“biotic index“ 中文翻譯：   生物指數法“biothythm“ 中文翻譯：   生物節律“biothion“ 中文翻譯：   雙硫磷殺蟲劑

Antibacteral peptide ( abp ) existing in the biosphere with the biotic activity is a kind of little peptide and has the action of antibacteria commonly and even can resist some protozoa , virus and tumour cells . the antibacteral peptide has become one of the hot spots of foreign and domestic scholars “ investigavitions who gave more and more favors to it as its no ill effect 抗菌肽( antibacteralpeptides ， abp ) ，是生物界中廣泛存在的一類生物活性小肽，一般具有抗細菌或真菌作用，有些還具有抗原蟲、病毒或腫瘤細胞的功能，且無毒副作用，倍受國內外學者的青睞，已成為國內外學者的研究熱點。

Two methods were used to provide water quality ratings in bio - assessment using biotic index ( bi ) , ( 1 ) using the sampled sites meet the criteria for undisturbed and minimally impaired conditions , the confidence in the distribution of bi value for the 75th percentile to be used as the criterion dividing “ unimpaired “ form “ impaired “ . any values below the 75th percentile were considered as “ excellent “ , and values above the 75th percentile , was quadrisected for different water quality ratings 采用兩種方法研究m指數劃分水質級別的標準： （ 1 ）無污染樣點的m指數值法，以75分位數值作為最清潔水質標準，將高于此值的可能分布范圍一等分，分別代表不同的水質級別zk ）所有樣點（污染與無污染樣點）的bi指數值法，以5分位數值作為最清潔水質的標準，將高于此值的可能分布范圍4等分，分別代表不同的水質級別。

The two main development tendencies of environmental hydraulics were introduced , first , ecological hydraulics with the research subject changing from abiotic components to biotic ones ; second , to be associated with “ 3s “ techniques with research water area changing from small areas to river basins 摘要當前環境水力學發展有兩個重要的趨勢，一是研究對象由無生命組分進人有生命組分，向生態水力學發展；二是與“ 3s ”結合，研究水域由小變大，向流域性水域發展。

biotin

Cdpks play important roles in plant calcium signal transduction . there is increasing evidence that cdpks participate in c / n metabolism , transmembrane transport of ion and water , cytoskeletal regulation , stomatal movement regulation , growth and development regulation and biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants Cdpks在植物鈣信號轉導中具有重要的作用，越來越多的證據表明，在植物碳氮代謝、離子和水分跨膜運輸、細胞骨架調節、氣孔運動調節、生長發育調節以及生物和非生物脅迫應答反應中均有cdpks的參與。

He is also expertise in legal affairs relevant to industries such as intellectual property , layout - design of integrated circuits , computer software , world - wide - web , medical equipment , drugs , blood centers , biotic production , commerce , telecommunication , public utility , broadcasting and film , real estate development , automobile production and sale , transportation , energy resources , coal mine , agriculture , ocean fishery 對知識產權法律業務、電子、集成電路布圖設計、計算機軟件、互聯網、醫療衛生、醫療器械、藥品、血站、生物制品、商業、電信業、公用事業、廣播電影業、房地產開發、汽車制造和銷售、交通、能源、煤炭、農業、遠洋漁業等行業的法律專業領域具有較豐富的專業經驗及較強的實務操作能力。

After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the partheno genetic algorithm , a novel algorithm , partheno genetic algorithm based on immune programming ( ippga ) is proposed with the concept and theory of immunity in biotic science being used for reference , which incorporates the partheno genetic algorithm into the immune programming 摘要在分析了單親遺傳算法的優越性與存在不足的基礎上，借鑒生物免疫概念與理論，提出了一種新的單親遺傳算法基于免疫規劃的單親遺傳算法。

Results demonstrate that with the succession going on from herbosa shrubs coniferous forest theropencedrymion evergreen broad - leaved forest , abundance and diversity index of species , biomass and productivity of vegetation all show a rising trend prior to the formation of a mature and stable biotic climax 結果表明：隨著草叢灌叢針葉林針闊混交林次生常綠闊葉林正向演替的進行，在未形成成熟而穩定的頂極群落之前，物種豐富度、物種多樣性指數、植被生物量及生產力都呈增大趨勢。

Antibacteral peptide ( abp ) existing in the biosphere with the biotic activity is a kind of little peptide and has the action of antibacteria commonly and even can resist some protozoa , virus and tumour cells . the antibacteral peptide has become one of the hot spots of foreign and domestic scholars “ investigavitions who gave more and more favors to it as its no ill effect 抗菌肽( antibacteralpeptides ， abp ) ，是生物界中廣泛存在的一類生物活性小肽，一般具有抗細菌或真菌作用，有些還具有抗原蟲、病毒或腫瘤細胞的功能，且無毒副作用，倍受國內外學者的青睞，已成為國內外學者的研究熱點。

With the acceleration of extinction of species , biodiversity conservation is extensively concerned . the extinction of species is concerned with the degree of threat by biotic and abiotic factors . so , taking action to preserve plant species is very necessary and paramount before their extinction . one of the most effective biological techniques to conserve the biodiversity is the establishment of genebanks , i . e . ex situ conservation . the elucidation of various factors that regulate seed viability and vigor in storage is essential . an ideal condition to prolong the longevity is mainly depended on seed water content , temperature , humidity and types of containers used during storage . the optimum stage of seed maturity , harvesting techniques and processing , in addition to physiological features such as degree of dormancy , also play key roles in seed storage . certainly , desiccated seeds deteriorate with time even under extremely good genebanking conditions . according to seed storage behavior , it is necessary to consider three principal factors : storage environment , storage duration and plant species which will affect seed survival under good genebanking conditions . the present review is an attempt to discuss the importance of the aforementioned aspects of seeds in detail in order to conserve plant germplasms ( especially wild rare and endangered plants ) for ex situ conservation through seed - gene bank 一個物種的滅絕是與其受生物因子和非生物因子的威脅程度相關的.隨著物種的加速絕滅,保護生物多樣性受到廣泛地關注.保護生物多樣性的最有效的生物技術之一是建立種子基因庫,進行遷地保護.種子庫理想的貯藏條件主要取決于種子含水量、貯藏環境(如溫度和濕度)和貯存種子的容器.進行種子貯藏,了解種子生命力和活力的影響因子的作用機理是十分重要和必要的.除了種子自身的生理特征外,種子的貯藏壽命與種子成熟度、收獲技術、加工處理方法也是息息相關的.即使在最適的庫存條件下,種子也會隨時間發生劣變.因此,必須根據種子特定的貯藏行為,加以考慮影響種子存活的3個主要方面(貯藏環境、貯藏期和植物種類)而選擇有效的貯藏方案.本文試圖討論種子貯藏生理的幾個重要方面及其需解決的技術問題,以便更好地通過種子基因庫,長期有效地保存植物種質資源

Through the study of the adenese and the natural biotic reserve in sichuan province , this paper argues that with the development of tourism in this region , the subsistence mode of the local community has changed and the bio - diversity in the nature reserve has been threatened , and that the local community is suffering the dissection between themselves and their homeland as well as their ideological and cultural loss while gaining some economic returns 摘要通過對四川省亞丁人與生物圈自然保護區的研究，認為伴隨著旅游進入后當地社區生計活動體系的改變，保護區內的生物多樣性受到了威脅，社區在得到經濟回報的同時，也在承受著人地關系的裂變及精神文化的失落。

Abstract : comparison and study of the biotic characters in the jinggu and longchuan basins in yunnan province show that : ( 1 ) the two basins underwent the developing period , expanding period and shrinking period from early miocene epoch to pliocene epoch ; ( 2 ) the climate in the region was dry in early miocene epoch , warm and humid in middle - late miocene epoch and dry in pliocene period ; ( 3 ) the basins expanding in middle - late miocene epoch formed a semi - deep - lake to deep - lake environment 文摘:通過對云南景谷盆地及隴川盆地新生代生物群特征的對比，探討了新生代兩大盆地環境演變：早中新世到上新世為湖盆發展期湖盆擴大萎縮期，氣候為早期的千燥中新世早期的溫暖濕潤中新世中晚期的寒冷陰濕上新世的干燥，而中新世中晚期湖盆的擴大形成的半深湖深湖環境為油氣的形成提供了有利條件。

Comparison and study of the biotic characters in the jinggu and longchuan basins in yunnan province show that : ( 1 ) the two basins underwent the developing period , expanding period and shrinking period from early miocene epoch to pliocene epoch ; ( 2 ) the climate in the region was dry in early miocene epoch , warm and humid in middle - late miocene epoch and dry in pliocene period ; ( 3 ) the basins expanding in middle - late miocene epoch formed a semi - deep - lake to deep - lake environment 通過對云南景谷盆地及隴川盆地新生代生物群特征的對比，探討了新生代兩大盆地環境演變：早中新世到上新世為湖盆發展期湖盆擴大萎縮期，氣候為早期的千燥中新世早期的溫暖濕潤中新世中晚期的寒冷陰濕上新世的干燥，而中新世中晚期湖盆的擴大形成的半深湖深湖環境為油氣的形成提供了有利條件。

Biotic or abiotic stimuli can first cause the alteration in apoplastic signaling system ; on the other hand , apoplast provides a convenient pathway for cell - cell communication , and therefore plays a key role in regulation of cell differentiation , organ genesis , and growth development of plants 當植物遭受生物或非生物環境刺激時，可能首先引起質外體信號系統的變化；同時質外體作為植物細胞之間最方便的通道，在細胞間信號傳遞和信息交流上起重要作用，從而成為協調植物細胞分化、器官形成和整體生長發育的決定性因素之一。

We synthetically discussed intraspecific differentiation and evolution , from four biotic levels of population , individual , cell and gene . intraspecific differentiations in morphology were investigated firstly . the results indicated that there are varied polymorphsim within populations , and obvious polytypism among populations 本文在形態分類的基礎上，根據居群生物學的原理和方法，對淡黃花百合的形態學、細胞學、分子生物學進行了研究，從居群、個體、細胞和基因四個層次綜合探討了該種植物的種內分化與進化。

Two methods were used to provide water quality ratings in bio - assessment using biotic index ( bi ) , ( 1 ) using the sampled sites meet the criteria for undisturbed and minimally impaired conditions , the confidence in the distribution of bi value for the 75th percentile to be used as the criterion dividing “ unimpaired “ form “ impaired “ . any values below the 75th percentile were considered as “ excellent “ , and values above the 75th percentile , was quadrisected for different water quality ratings 采用兩種方法研究m指數劃分水質級別的標準： （ 1 ）無污染樣點的m指數值法，以75分位數值作為最清潔水質標準，將高于此值的可能分布范圍一等分，分別代表不同的水質級別zk ）所有樣點（污染與無污染樣點）的bi指數值法，以5分位數值作為最清潔水質的標準，將高于此值的可能分布范圍4等分，分別代表不同的水質級別。

One is by the organism itself , so usually if you give an anti - biotic or an anti - viral it kills the virus or the micro - organism so the patient recovers . the second reason you get sick is the body s response to the infection . the body s response is intended to kill the virus or bacteria 現時我們一直在研究，追查那些醫護人員受到感染，那些醫護人員到過這個地方，其實找出這個個案時，我們要回顧在醫護人員受感染前的兩、三個星期，有甚么病人曾進入該病房。

The two main development tendencies of environmental hydraulics were introduced , first , ecological hydraulics with the research subject changing from abiotic components to biotic ones ; second , to be associated with “ 3s “ techniques with research water area changing from small areas to river basins 摘要當前環境水力學發展有兩個重要的趨勢，一是研究對象由無生命組分進人有生命組分，向生態水力學發展；二是與“ 3s ”結合，研究水域由小變大，向流域性水域發展。

Tagatose , a natural low - calorie bulk sweetener , has many physiological functions including anti - hyperglycemia , pre - biotic effects and non - cariogenicity . the characteristics of tagatose , its physiological functions , manufacture methods and its application were detailed 摘要塔格糖是一種天然的低能量填充型甜味劑，并具有抑制高血糖、改善腸道菌群和不致齲齒等多種生理功效。文中從介紹塔格糖的性質、生理功能入手，詳細論述了它的生產方法及在食品中的應用情況。

Oxidative stress , an common secondly stress occurring after many kind of biotic or abiotic stresses such as salt stress , drought , heavy metal , radiation , low temperature , microbic infection , can change the plant internal redox environment and subsequently disturb its growth processes , metablism and existence 氧化脅迫是普遍發生于植物脅迫應答過程中的生理現象，植物在遭受鹽堿、干旱、重金屬、輻射、低溫等多種脅迫時常常會發生次生性氧化脅迫(傷害) 。