x

betaine

uploads/betaine.jpg

betaine n.【化學】1.甜菜堿，三甲胺乙內酯。2.內酸鹽，三甲(...

n. 【化學】 1.甜菜堿，三甲胺乙內酯。 2.內酸鹽，三甲(基)銨內酯。 “betaine aldehde“ 中文翻譯：   甜菜醛“betaine aldehyde“ 中文翻譯：   甜菜醛,三甲基甘氨醛“betaine anhydrous“ 中文翻譯：   無水甜菜堿“betaine formula“ 中文翻譯：   內銨鹽式“betaine hcl“ 中文翻譯：   鹽酸甜菜堿“betaine hydrazide“ 中文翻譯：   甜菜堿酰肼,三甲銨乙內酯酰肼“betaine hydrochloride“ 中文翻譯：   鹽酸甜菜堿; 鹽酸甜菜鹼; 鹽酸鹽甜菜堿; 鹽酸苜達堿（鹽酸恭菜堿）“betaine nicotinate“ 中文翻譯：   煙酸甜菜堿“chloral betaine“ 中文翻譯：   氯醛甜菜堿; 三氯乙醛甜菜堿; 甜菜堿氯醛“chloxal betaine“ 中文翻譯：   氯醛甜菜堿; 甜菜堿氯醛“cloral betaine“ 中文翻譯：   氯醛甜菜堿“cocamide betaine“ 中文翻譯：   椰子油起泡劑“cocamidopropyl betaine“ 中文翻譯：   烷基酰胺類; 烷基醯胺類 界面活性劑，起泡劑，清潔用; 椰油酰基胺丙基甜菜堿“coco-betaine“ 中文翻譯：   椰油基“glycine betaine“ 中文翻譯：   甘氨酸甜菜堿; 甜菜堿“glycocoll betaine“ 中文翻譯：   甜菜堿“histidine betaine“ 中文翻譯：   組氨酸三甲銨內酯“histidine-betaine“ 中文翻譯：   組氨酸甜菜堿“hydroxyproline betaine“ 中文翻譯：   羥脯氨酸三甲基銨內酯“lauramidopropyl betaine“ 中文翻譯：   月桂酰基胺丙基甜菜堿“lauryl betaine“ 中文翻譯：   界面活性劑，起泡劑; 烷基甜菜堿; 烷基甜菜鹼; 月桂基甜菜堿“oleamidopropyl betaine“ 中文翻譯：   油酰胺丙基甜菜堿“ornithine betaine“ 中文翻譯：   鳥氨酸甜菜堿“betaine homocysteine methyltra nsferase“ 中文翻譯：   甜菜堿同型半胱氨酸甲基轉移酶“betain“ 中文翻譯：   甜菜堿“betahypophamine“ 中文翻譯：   加壓素

89 ) via agrobacterium mediation . pcr and southern blotting analysis showed that the cmo and badh genes were integrated into tobaccos “ genome . betaine accumulation in transformed tobaccos was higher than that in control plants 89 ) ，獲得卡那霉素抗性和潮霉素抗性植株， pcr和southern雜交均證明外源cmo和badh基因大連理工大學博士學位已整合到煙草基因組中。

betake

However , glybetaine does not accumulate in many important crop plants such as potato , tomato or rice . among plants glybetaine biosynthetic pathway has been thoroughly characterized in sugar beet and spinach , and biosynthesis is localized in the chloroplast by a two - step oxidation of choline via the intermediate betaine aldehyde . the first enzyme , choline monooxygenase ( cmo ) and the second enzyme are all localized in chloroplast 甘氨酸甜菜堿是由膽堿起始的兩部催化反應完成的，第一個酶是膽堿單氧化酶( cmo ) ，已經被純化，并且它是定位在葉綠體基質中；第二個酶是甜菜堿醛脫氫酶( badh ) ，它也主要定位于葉綠體中。

Consequently , study on the mechanisms of salt - tolerance in plants and breeding of salt - tolerant plants has become a key issue in plant biology nowadays . as an important plant osmotic regulators , glycine betaine in plants , under the osmotic stress , can be accumulated in order to give the plants high salt - tolerance by reducing osmotic pressure and maintaining proteinic structure in cell 甘氨酸甜菜堿( glycinebetaine )是一種重要的調滲物質，在鹽脅迫下有些植物能通過體內甘氨酸甜菜堿的積累保護細胞內蛋白質的結構和功能，降低細胞水勢，從而來增加自身的耐鹽能力。

In higher plants , betaine is synthesized by a two - step oxidation of choline : choline - betaine aldehyde - betaine . the first step is catalyzed by choline monooxygenase ( cmo ) . the second step is catalyzed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase ( badh ) 高等植物中，甜菜堿由膽堿經兩步酶催氧化得到，即：膽堿- -甜菜堿醛- -甜菜堿，催化第一步反應的酶是膽堿單加氧酶( cholinemonooxygenase ， cmo ) ，催化第二步反應的酶是甜菜堿醛脫氫酶( betainealdehydedehydrogenase ， badh ) 。

Shrub drought resistance mechanism , including of the relationships and changes of drought shrub growth character , anatomical structure , membrane penetration , photosynthetic characteristics and osmoregulation substance ( soluble sugar , praline , betaine and abio - hydroninm ) , aba and lea albumen , were summarized 摘要從灌木生長性狀、形態結構、細胞質膜透性、光合、滲透調節（可溶性糖、脯氨酸、甜菜堿和無機離子） 、 aba和lea蛋白變化及其與灌木抗旱性的關系方面，綜述了灌木抗旱機理研究。

Halobacillus trueperi accumulates glycine betaine under condition of high osmolarity . a partial fragment of the glycine betaine transporter beth gene was obtained from the genome of h , trueperi with degenerate primers . through southern blot hybridization and inverse pcr , a 5 . 1 kb ecori fragment containing the beth gene was sequenced 將擴增片段用地高辛標記成探針，與用不同限制性內切酶完全酶切的h . trueperi總dna片段作southern雜交，結果顯示在ecori酶切片段的5 . 1kb處有陽性信號。

Then , a piece of degenerate primer was designed according to the conserved amino acids of glycine betaine abc transporter system glycine betaine - binding protein as a reversed primer . combined with the opuaa - up , a 2 . 3 kb fragment was obtained through pcr . blast result showed a fragment which contained the partial opuaa , the whole opuab and partial opuac sequences were obtained 再次，根據甘氨酸甜菜堿atp轉運系統底物結合蛋白的氨基酸保守序列設計下游簡并引物，與atp結合蛋白的上游簡并引物組合，經pcr擴增獲得2 . 1kb的條帶，測序后通過blast比較，結果顯示獲得atp結合蛋白基因的部分序列、通透酶的全部編碼序列和部分甘氨酸甜菜堿結合蛋白基因的核苷酸序列。

The test has adopted random control design , 1000 white feature boilers were randomly divided into 5 groups : basal diet + flavomycin , basal diet + 1 . 0 % chinese herbal medicine , basal diet + 1 . 5 % chinese herbal medicine , basal diet + 1 . 0 % chinese herbal medicine + betaine , are basal diet 方法采用隨機單位組設計，將1000羽白羽肉仔雞隨機分為基礎日糧黃霉素、基礎日糧中草藥1 . 0 %水平、基礎日糧中草藥1 . 5 %水平、基礎日糧中草藥1 . 0 %水平甜菜堿、基礎日糧5組。

Choline dehydrogenase ( cdh ) isolated from escherichia coli , can help the expression of glycine betaine efficiently . to get some salt - tolerant plants , the cdh gene , mediated by agrobacterium , was transformed to the haploid of populus simoniixp . nigra 本實驗以農桿菌( agrobacteriumtumefaciens )為介導進行遺傳轉化，將編碼cdh的耐鹽基因( bet - a )導入小黑楊( populussimonii p . nigra )單倍體植株( haploid )的基因組內，以期獲得耐鹽植株。

Methods of utilization for molasses have been introduced in this paper , including simple utilization , such as feedstuff additive and concrete additive , and extraction of available component , for example sucrose , betaine and caramel pigment etc 主要介紹了糖蜜的初級利用，即直接作為飼料添加劑和混凝土外加劑，以及從糖蜜中提取有效成份，如：蔗糖、焦糖色素、甜菜堿以及制備液體糖和紅糖粉的方法。

Depending on the degenerate primers which were designed according to the conserved amino acids of glycine betaine secondary transporter , a fragment about 1 kb was obtained by pcr . the pcr fragment was purified and labeled with dig as a probe 將其總dna用sau3ai部分酶切后，收集4 15kb大小的酶切片段，克隆到用bamhi酶切的puc18中，構建halobacillussp . d8基因組文庫，共獲得約9000個重組質粒。

89 ) via agrobacterium mediation . pcr and southern blotting analysis showed that the cmo and badh genes were integrated into tobaccos “ genome . betaine accumulation in transformed tobaccos was higher than that in control plants 89 ) ，獲得卡那霉素抗性和潮霉素抗性植株， pcr和southern雜交均證明外源cmo和badh基因大連理工大學博士學位已整合到煙草基因組中。

Suaeda liaotungensis kitag is a halophyte with high salt tolerance ability . this research performed a systemic study on betaine , betaine synthetase and the genes encoding betaine synthetase in suaeda liaotungensis 遼寧堿蓬( suaedaliaotungensiskitag )是一種耐鹽性很強的鹽生植物，本文對其甜菜堿、甜菜堿合成酶、甜菜堿合成酶基因進行了較為系統的研究。

Many diverse species of plants accumulate glycine betaine ( glybetaine ) in response to various stresses , and the biosynthesis and accumulation of glybetaine are thought to contribute to various stress 許多植物在受到各種脅迫時，都會引起甘氨酸甜菜堿的積累，甘氨酸甜菜堿的生物合成與積累是植物對脅迫的一種適應機制。

Betaine concentration in suaeda liaotungensis was determined by chemistry colorimetry . it is up to 95 . 5 ug / g . fw leaves which is lower than that in suaeda ussuriensis , but higher than that in other plants 用化學比色法測得遼寧堿蓬葉片中的甜菜堿含量為95 . 5 g g . fw ，低于鹽吸，高于已測定的其它植物中的含量。

Examples of the application of ion exclusion in sugar industry include recovery of sucrose , raffinose , betaine , purification of syrup , and factory process problems 給出了離子排斥色譜法在制糖工業中的應用，其中包括從廢蜜中回收糖份，提取棉實糖、甜菜堿，糖漿提純以及制糖工藝過程的診斷。

The length of alkyl , carbon chain about betaine type amphoteric surfactant affects its surface activity and other properties 摘要甜菜堿表面活性劑的烷基碳鏈的長度對其表面活性及其它性質有不同程度的影響。

So genes implicated in expressing glycine betaine are considered as the most important and the most promising plant salt - tolerant genes 因此甜菜堿合成酶基因被認為是最重要和最有希望的鹽脅迫抗性基因。

Depending on the conserved amino acids of glycine betaine abc transporter , a pair of degenerate primers were designed 在h . trueperi發現有甘氨酸甜菜堿abc轉運系統。