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afferent

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afferent adj.【生理】傳入的，輸入的。

adj. 【生理】傳入的，輸入的。 “afferent anosmia“ 中文翻譯：   傳入性嗅覺缺失“afferent arc“ 中文翻譯：   傳入弧“afferent arteriole“ 中文翻譯：   入球微動脈,入球攜脈,輸入攜脈; 輸入小動脈“afferent arterioles“ 中文翻譯：   入球小動脈“afferent artery“ 中文翻譯：   輸入動脈“afferent behavior“ 中文翻譯：   內導行為“afferent bipolars“ 中文翻譯：   傳入雙極細胞“afferent block“ 中文翻譯：   傳入性阻斷; 傳入枝封閉“afferent blockage“ 中文翻譯：   向中路遮斷; 向中阻斷“afferent canal“ 中文翻譯：   輸入管“afferent data“ 中文翻譯：   傳入數據“afferent duct“ 中文翻譯：   輸入管“afferent echo“ 中文翻譯：   進波“afferent fiber“ 中文翻譯：   傳入纖維“afferent fibers“ 中文翻譯：   傳入纖維“afferent flow“ 中文翻譯：   傳入信息流“afferent hindrance“ 中文翻譯：   向中路遮斷; 向中遮斷“afferent impulse“ 中文翻譯：   傳入沖動“afferent inhibition“ 中文翻譯：   傳入性抑制“afferent interaction“ 中文翻譯：   內導相互作用“afferent iymphatic“ 中文翻譯：   輸入淋巴管“afferent labeling“ 中文翻譯：   傳入標記“afferent limb“ 中文翻譯：   傳入支“secondary afferent“ 中文翻譯：   次級傳入神經元“afferent and efferent arterioles“ 中文翻譯：   入球和出球小動脈“afferens“ 中文翻譯：   入,向心

The behavioral learning of animal could be blocked with the stimulation of 1hz while the stimulation of 5 hz did not show any effect on it . it indicated that the ne afferent to hippocampus participated in the reversal of ld - ltp and even the mechanisms of the memory loss ( “ forgetting “ ) . it also suggested that not only the ihz - dp or the 5hz - dp has different relation with the presynaptic mechanisms but also has different effects on the behavioral learning 上述實驗結果表明: ihz和shz刺激dneb對mf . c八3習得性ltp均可產生完全的dp ，但就對行為習得的影響而言， 1比比shz有效，提示海馬的ne輸入參與了習得性ltp的dp乃至遺忘的機制，該過程可能還與突觸前機制有關;結果還提示ihz誘導的dp與shz誘導的dp不僅在與突觸前機制的關系上還是各自產生的行為效應上均存在不同。

afferent nerve

The results show that : the glomerulus of the mouse consists of a lobular arteriole within the glomerulus , capillary meshwork lobules and communication branches between the lobules and the efferent arteriolar roots ; there are some sublobular microcirulatary units in lobules ; the glomerulus of chrysolophus pictus is only a tortuous vascular ball ; there are no branches anastomosed between the vascular ; the afferent arteriole is a branch , efferent arteriole is one either , but some efferent arteriole has branches 結果表明：小白鼠腎小球由小球內小葉微動脈、毛細血管網小葉及小葉間交通支和小葉輸出血管構成，小葉可分出亞單位；紅腹錦雞腎小球為一簇迂回盤曲的血管團，血管間未見有復雜的分支和吻合；小白鼠和紅腹錦雞入球小動脈和出球小動脈均為一支，但有的出球小動脈有分支。

This review and our recent studies suggest that : ( 1 ) baroreceptor reflex is blunted in heart failure ; ( 2 ) central angiotensin ii and reactive oxygen species play an important role in blunted baroreceptor reflex ; ( 3 ) cardiac sympathetic afferent stimulation and chemoreceptor reflex inhibit baroreceptor reflex ; and ( 4 ) exercise training normalizes abnormal reflexes in the heart failure state 本綜述及我們近年的研究表明： ( 1 )在心力衰狀態下壓力感受性反射功能明顯減弱( 2 )中樞血管緊張素和活性氧在壓力感受性反射功能失調中發揮關鍵作用； ( 3 )心交感傳入刺激和化學感受性反射能抑制壓力感受性反射； ( 4 )適當的運動可以部分糾正異常的心血管反射活動。

On the other hand , inhibitory areas of ftc could be abolished partially or completely during bicuculline application . these results showed that gabaergic inhibitory afferent projections to recorded neurons were activated by random resonance caused by weak noise in cochlea , which provided inhibitory input for sharpening frequency tuning and made neuron more precisely analyze sound signal near its bf . therefore , this experiment presented a possible evidence of cellular level for interpreting why human and animal could extract or capture sound signal of specific frequency from the environment with competing noise 說明山弱噪聲引起的耳蝸隨機共振在_ _仁行傳入過程中可能激活了至所一記錄的jc神經元的gaba能抑制性神經回路，這種gaba能抑制為銳化神經元頻率調諧提供了一種抑制性輸入，使ic神經元對靠近最佳頻率的頻率分析變得更為細致和精確，由于聲頻率是聲信號的重要參數和信息載體，頻率調諧的銳化意味著對聲頻率分析能力增強，從而為解釋人們為什么能從充滿噪聲的環境中捕捉或提取與行為學相關的信號提供了一種細胞水平的實驗證據。

Renin secretion is controlled by at least four mechanisms that are not mutually exclusive : a renal vascular receptor responds to changes in tension in the afferent arteriolar wall ; a macula densa receptor detects changes in the delivery rate or concentration of nacl in the distal tubule ; circulating angiotensin has a negative feedback effect on renin secretion ; and the sympathetic nervous system stimulates renin secretion via the renal nerve mediated by receptors 腎素的分泌至少受四種互不排斥的機制控制：腎血管受體對向心小動脈壁張力變化的反應；致密斑受體發現遠端腎小管內氯化鈉傳遞速率或濃度的變化；循環的血管緊張素對腎素的分泌的負反饋效應；和交感神經系統經由受體介導的腎神經刺激分泌腎素。

The results showed that : ? apsaicin could significantly increase the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents ( mepscs ) , in another word , capsaicin could enhance the excitatory neurotransmitter release from primary afferent terminals . this is coincidence with the results of our previous studies 第四軍醫大學碩士學位論文結果表明： coys能顯著增加所記錄的微小興奮性突觸后電流（ miniatureexcitatorypostsympticcurrents ， inepscs ）的頻率，即增強了初級傳入終末釋放興奮性神經遞質，這與我們以往的研究結果一致。

Axoplasmic transport of nerve fibers ; nutrition of nerve fibers ; the function of neuroglia cells ; eletrical synapse ; contact ways of central neurons ; local circuit neurons ; central facilitation ; body sensory afferent pathway , visceral sensation ; the regulation system of somatic motor , the central regulation of visceral sensation ; pain sensation ; the function of basal ganglia ; evoked cortical potential and electroencephalogram 神經纖維的軸漿運輸；神經纖維的營養；神經膠質細胞的功能；電突觸；中樞神經元的聯系方式；局部回路神經元；中樞易化；身體感覺傳入通路，內臟感覺；軀體運動的調節系統，內臟活動的中樞調節；痛覺；基底神經節的功能；皮層誘發電位和腦電圖。

Increasing evidence indicated that peripheral iglurs play an important role in the process of activation of nociceptors . recently , bhave et al . showed that group i mglurs , including mglur1 and mglur5 , are also located in terminals of primary afferent fibers by morphological examinations 本研究采用行為學和功能形態學的方法( formalin引起的fos表達) ，試圖從功能上證實分布在初級傳入神經元外周軸突上的mglurs參與傷害感受器的激活，在外周痛信號的產生中發揮重要作用。

Not only the neurons but also the as in the rat brain play a very important role in the process of the peripheral nociceptive stimulation ; ? he newly - found eda may be the functional intercommunication ultrastructure between neurons and as , through which the as could modulate the neurons in the pain signal processing ; @ as might play an active and important role for modulation of pain through a new pathway from the peripheral afferent nerve to the as , then to neurons via electron - dense areas forming the glia - neuron s ignaling network 光、電鏡水平發現as與神經元之間有多種途徑進行信息交流，新發現的eda有可能是神經元與as之間信息交流的結構之一。阻斷as與神經元間信息交流連接后，前者對外周組織4第四軍醫大學博士學位論文損傷所致疼痛的反應不受影響，而后者的反應明顯受到抑制，提示在非病理性疼痛反應中，膠質細胞對神經元具有主動調控作用。

Substantia gelatinosa ( sg ; lamina ii ) of the spinal dorsal horn is the first station of the peripheral nociceptive information , which receives the termination of both non - and thin - myelinated primary afferent fibers and brainstem descending fibers , and plays an important role in peripheral nociceptive information transmission and modulation 脊髓背角層(膠狀質) ，是接受外周傷害性信息傳入的初級門戶，既接受無髓和薄髓初級傳入纖維的投射，也是腦干向脊髓下行投射纖維的終止部位之一，在外周傷害性信息傳遞和整合中發揮重要作用。

For example , outside the afferent nerve fiber in week nerve passes into sensory information centre , the instruction information that efferent nerve fiber issues centre spreads effect implement , convey with the form of nerve impulse , and the biology report that nerve impulse calls behavioral potential one kind namely changes , it is the mark of nerve excitement 例如，外周神經中的傳入神經纖維把感覺信息傳入中樞，傳出神經纖維把中樞發出的指令信息傳給效應器，都是以神經沖動的形式傳送的，而神經沖動就是一種稱為動作電位的生物電變化，是神經興奮的標志。

The behavioral learning of animal could be blocked with the stimulation of 1hz while the stimulation of 5 hz did not show any effect on it . it indicated that the ne afferent to hippocampus participated in the reversal of ld - ltp and even the mechanisms of the memory loss ( “ forgetting “ ) . it also suggested that not only the ihz - dp or the 5hz - dp has different relation with the presynaptic mechanisms but also has different effects on the behavioral learning 上述實驗結果表明: ihz和shz刺激dneb對mf . c八3習得性ltp均可產生完全的dp ，但就對行為習得的影響而言， 1比比shz有效，提示海馬的ne輸入參與了習得性ltp的dp乃至遺忘的機制，該過程可能還與突觸前機制有關;結果還提示ihz誘導的dp與shz誘導的dp不僅在與突觸前機制的關系上還是各自產生的行為效應上均存在不同。

The quality of the products is improving incessantly , and output is also increasing year by year so now of 50 million pieces the company can produce various veterinary needle of afferent specifications , with the reliable and stable quality , jiangyin needles industry co ; ltd wins good reputation gain the customers 產品質量穩步提高，產量連年攀高，目前已形成了年生產各種規格型號獸用針5000萬支/套，江陰伊諾爾以它可靠穩定的質量，在廣大用戶中贏得了較好信譽。

The selective action of capsaicin on primary afferent fibers that transmit nociceptive information simulates nociceptive stimulation in vivo , therefore , the ne depression of primary afferent terminal neurotransmitter release might be significant on nociceptive modulation at spinal level Caps選擇性地作用于傳遞傷害性信息的初級傳入纖維，模擬了在體傷害性刺激，因此， ne對初級傳人終末遞質釋放的抑制，在脊髓水平的傷害性信息調控過程中可能具有重要意義。

The purpose of our present study is to verify the effect of ne on primary afferent terminal neurotrasmitter release at the synaptic level in the sg of the rat spinal dorsal horn , which might contribute to better understanding the mechanism of ne analgesic effect at spinal level 此外， ne也可能直接作用于初級傳入纖維終末。本研究的目的是在突觸水平驗證ne在大鼠脊髓sg內對初級傳入終末釋放神經遞質的影響，以便進一步闡明ne在脊髓鎮痛作用的機制。

Abstract : the essence of acupoint and the convergence of acupoint and the primary afferent neurous of viscera at the prospinal cord or in the spinal cord were overvicued , which partly explained the mechanism of the acting specificity of acupoint , the referred pain of viscera and the acupuncture analgesia 文摘:本文綜述了穴位實質及穴位與內臟的初級傳入神經在脊髓前、脊髓內匯聚，部分地解釋了穴位作用的特異性、內臟牽涉痛與針刺鎮痛的機制。

Distinguishment of crime from other crimes : the difference between the crime of infringing on business secrets and the crime of intionally or negligently divulging states secrets . the object , the objective aspects and the subject of the two crimes are afferent 兩罪的犯罪主體、所表現的客觀方面、犯罪客體、犯罪對象都有所不同。與泄露內幕信息罪的界限。兩罪的不同方面表現為:犯罪主體、侵犯的客體、犯罪對象、兩罪所表現的客觀方面都不同。

The essence of acupoint and the convergence of acupoint and theprimary afferent neurous of viscera at the prospinal cord or in the spinal cord were overvicued , which partly explained the mechanism of the acting specificity of acupoint , the referred pain of viscera and the acupuncture analgesia 本文綜述了穴位實質及穴位與內臟的初級傳入神經在脊髓前、脊髓內匯聚，部分地解釋了穴位作用的特異性、內臟牽涉痛與針刺鎮痛的機制。

Class a has an instability factor of 1 , which means that any change in the system has a high likelihood of destabilizing a . further , it has an afferent coupling count of 0 , which indicates that a change to the class will not adversely affect on the rest of the application 類a的不穩定因素為1 ，這意味著系統中的任何改變都可能使a不穩定。而且，它的傳入耦合數為0 ，這表明該類的改變不會反過來影響應用程序的其他部分。