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advection

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advection n.(熱的)對流；(空氣的)平流。adj.-vectiv...

n. (熱的)對流；(空氣的)平流。 adj. -vective “advection cooling“ 中文翻譯：   平流冷卻“advection fog“ 中文翻譯：   海面霧; 平另; 平流霧“advection heat“ 中文翻譯：   對流熱“advection inversion“ 中文翻譯：   平流逆溫“advection layer“ 中文翻譯：   平流層; 平流運動層“advection of heat“ 中文翻譯：   平流熱效“advection region“ 中文翻譯：   平流區“ageostrophic advection“ 中文翻譯：   非地平流“cold advection“ 中文翻譯：   冷平流“differential advection“ 中文翻譯：   差異平流“geostrophic advection“ 中文翻譯：   地轉平流“horizontal advection“ 中文翻譯：   水平平流“temperature advection“ 中文翻譯：   溫度平流“thermal advection“ 中文翻譯：   熱平流; 溫度平流“thickness advection“ 中文翻譯：   厚度平流“vertical advection“ 中文翻譯：   垂直平流“vorticity advection“ 中文翻譯：   渦度平流“warm advection“ 中文翻譯：   暖平流“advection radiation fog“ 中文翻譯：   平流輻射霧“cyclonic vorticity advection“ 中文翻譯：   氣旋式渦度平流“differential thermal advection“ 中文翻譯：   差異熱平流“geostrophic advection scale“ 中文翻譯：   地轉平流尺度“thermal vorticity advection“ 中文翻譯：   熱成渦度平流; 熱力渦度平流“advectio“ 中文翻譯：   平流“advect“ 中文翻譯：   平流傳送; 平流輸送; 平流運送“advcms“ 中文翻譯：   腺病毒染色體變更位點

The convective term is solved by ausm + ( a sequel to ausm which means “ the advection upstream splitting method “ ) . the 7 species 8 steps model and 7 species 7 steps model of hydrogen / air is used in the hydrogen reacting flowfield , the 9 species 5 steps model of methane , the 10 species 10 steps model of ethane and the 10 species 13 steps model of kerosene are used in the hydrocarbon reacting flowfield , the results of the distributions of velocity , mach number , pressure , static temperature , total temperature , species mass fraction and the combustion efficiency are gained , and the numerical results of the pressure of hydrogen and methane are compared with those of the experiment 計算中通量項采用ausm +通量分裂格式，氫反應流場采用氫/空氣的七組元八方程模型和七組元七方程模型，碳氫反應流場采用甲烷的九組元五方程模型、乙烯的十組元十方程模型和煤油的十組元十三方程模型，得出了超燃發動機燃燒室流場的速度、馬赫數、壓力、靜溫、總溫和組元質量分數分布及燃燒效率等性能參數，其中氫和甲烷的計算壓力分布與實驗結果進行了比較。

advent

The non - local nonlinear advection possesses the duality : on one hand , compared with the linear circumstance , it increases the inward - propagation of vorticity , thus favorable to the strengthening of the typhoon ; however on the other hand , the inward - propagating vorticity destroys the concentric circle structure of the typhoon circulation , leading to the weakening of the typhoon 非局域非線性平流的作用具有兩重性:一方面，與線性情況相比，可使內傳渦量增加，這有利于臺風增強;另一方面內傳的渦量又破壞了臺風環流的同心圓結構，這使臺風趨于減弱。

( 2 ) the thermodynamic analysis of 1997 / 1998 el nino shows that in nino4 the contribution of the zonal and the meridional advection to the ssta increase are equivalent and both bigger than that of the vertical upwelling flow ; in nino3 the contribution of the meridional advection to ssta increase is the most and the counterparts of the zonal advection and vertical upwelling flow are equivalent ; in nino 1 + 2 it is still the most that the contribution of the meridional advection to ssta increase , and the counterpart of the zonal advection is less than that of the vertical upwelling flow ( 2 )對1997 1998elnino事件進行熱力診斷分析表明， nino4區緯向平流項與經向平流項對ssta增加的貢獻相當，且都大于垂直上翻流對ssta增加的貢獻； nino3區經向平流項對ssta增加的貢獻最大，緯向平流項與垂直上翻流對ssta增加的貢獻相當； nino1 + 2區，仍然是經向平流項對ssta增加的貢獻最大，而緯向平流項對ssta增加的貢獻小于垂直上翻流對ssta增加的貢獻。

The fog attenuations at infrared wavelength are computed and analyzed with the fog drop size distribution model of radiation and advection fog , the empirical relation of fog attenuation with water content or visibility are obtained at 10 . 6 urn wavelength , the relation for radiation fog have a good agreement with the relation obtained by experimental results 基于霧滴尺寸分布模型，對霧的紅外輻射衰減特性進行了分析和研究，并給出了10 . 6 m紅外輻射衰減與霧的含水量或能見度的經驗關系，該經驗關系與實驗結果間有很好的一致性。

The convective term is solved by ausm + ( a sequel to ausm which means “ the advection upstream splitting method “ ) . the 7 species 8 steps model and 7 species 7 steps model of hydrogen / air is used in the hydrogen reacting flowfield , the 9 species 5 steps model of methane , the 10 species 10 steps model of ethane and the 10 species 13 steps model of kerosene are used in the hydrocarbon reacting flowfield , the results of the distributions of velocity , mach number , pressure , static temperature , total temperature , species mass fraction and the combustion efficiency are gained , and the numerical results of the pressure of hydrogen and methane are compared with those of the experiment 計算中通量項采用ausm +通量分裂格式，氫反應流場采用氫/空氣的七組元八方程模型和七組元七方程模型，碳氫反應流場采用甲烷的九組元五方程模型、乙烯的十組元十方程模型和煤油的十組元十三方程模型，得出了超燃發動機燃燒室流場的速度、馬赫數、壓力、靜溫、總溫和組元質量分數分布及燃燒效率等性能參數，其中氫和甲烷的計算壓力分布與實驗結果進行了比較。

Using a dissolved conservative material as a tracer in the water , a three - dimension advection - diffusion water exchange numerical model was used to study the flushing time by discharge and the discharge dominated region of the yangtze estuary . the flushing time of the yangtze estuary is an important eigenvalue , which denotes the water environmental capability of estuary 然后應用以溶解態的保守性物質做為研究長江口水體交換的載體，建立了完全三維對流擴散型的長江口水體交換的數值模型，對長江口的水體交換時間做了一個整體的計算。

The analysis of the large - scale synoptic situation shows that strong precipitation is closely related to the explosion of monsoon and the intensification of cross - equatorial flow which bring a lot of vapor and meet with cold masses at the eastern of northwest district on 8th , june causing extremely heavy rainfall ; that subtropical high - level jet at 200hpa , subtropical high at 500hpa and low - level jet at 850hpa are the weather backgrounds favorable to strong precipitation ; that the pattern of eastern highs and western lows and the establishment of a low - level jet and the coupling between upper - and low - level patterns that determine that the rain occurred in the east of the northwest china ( on average , this is the rainy season for the south of china , but not for the northwest china ) ; that water vapor comes from southerly and easterly flow which converge at the eastern of northwest district with convergence mainly in lower levels and pbl ; that the high value of the whole - level apparent heat source < q1 > is near the area of large rainfall in the direction of northeasterly - southwesterly agreeable to shear line very well and the condensation latent heat releasing is main heat source with vertical advection item playing key role in q1 and q2 ; that there is a vertical secondary circulation crossing low - lever jet whose ascending branch is at the area of large rainfall ; that the construction of convection instability and conditional symmetry instability results that there is not only deep thermal instability , but also moisture influx and triggering mechanism of thermal instability causing strong torrential rain 作為對比，本文還對2002年6月24 - 25日發生在北京地區的強地形雨進行了分析，并討論陜南、北京地區兩地暴雨的異同點以及地形作用的共性和個性，為兩地暴雨預報提供有益的參考，得出了一些很有意義的結果： 1大尺度環流背景分析表明： ( 1 ) “ 02 . 6 ”強降水與6月上旬越赤道氣流和季風爆發密切相關，攜帶大量水汽的偏南氣流與冷空氣于6月8日交匯在西北地區東部，導致了這次強降水的發生； ( 2 ) 200hpa的副熱帶西風急流、 500hpa副高以及850hpa的低空急流的配置非常有利于本文分析之陜西強降水的發展與維持。大尺度形勢分析表明，東高西低形勢場、低空急流的建立和高低空形勢的配置決定了這場降雨出現在西北地區東部。與暴雨區相聯系，存在一支橫越低空急流的經向垂直環流，暴雨區處于該垂直環流的上升支； ( 3 )偏南和偏東氣流水汽通道在西北地區東部交匯，水汽的輻合積聚主要在對流層低層和行星邊界層內完成； ( 4 )整層的視熱源< q _ 1 >高值區在暴雨區附近呈東北-西南向分布，與切變線走向非常一致，降水產生的凝結潛熱釋放是強降水區大氣的主要熱源。

Based on the liquid water content and optical visibility , the method for determining the parameters of gamma drop size distribution model of fog and clouds are developed , the drop size distributions for advection and radiation fog are obtained with empirical relations of the liquid water content and the visibility , the characteristics of drop size distribution for different kinds of fog are analyzed and discussed 提出了利用云霧含水量和能見度確定gamma云霧滴尺寸分布的方法，利用霧的含水量和能見度的經驗關系，得到了輻射霧和平流霧的霧滴尺寸分布模型，并對不同類型霧的尺寸分布特征進行了分析和討論。

The numerical simulation of the cabin indicates : the normal k - model is adaptive to simulate the air flow ; the simplen algorithm can satisfy the requirement of calculation for its rapid convergence velocity ; the second order accurate supg in advection discretization scheme can attain more precise result 模擬結果得出如下結論：標準k -模型對系統流動模擬是適合的； simplen算法收斂更快，滿足運算的需要；采用二階supg的對流項分離方案可以獲得更高的計算精度。

As we all know , the heat transfer of geothermal heat exchanger ( ghe ) is affected by a lot of factors , where groundwater advection has a comparatively great impact indicated by experimental data . while almost all the design tools for ghe are based on principles of heat conduction and rely on some estimate of the ground thermal conductivity and volumetric specific heat . however , the large part of vertical u - type pipe lies in the saturated soil , especially in zones along the coast or with plentiful groundwater , which will be affected by groundwater advection greatly 但是對于垂直u型埋管來說,管段大部分位于土壤飽和區內,實際上其穿透的地層中總是存在著地下水的滲流,尤其是在沿海(河、湖泊)地區或地下水豐富的地區,埋管的傳熱性能大部分都受到地下水滲流的影響,此時土壤內發生的是熱傳導和地下水滲流共同作用下的復雜的、非穩定的傳熱傳質過程(簡稱熱滲耦合傳熱過程) 。

The results show that a warm high ridge at the middle level and transformed surface cold high over the plain provide a good background condition ; a cooling process produced by net surface radiation fluxes is the trigger and strengthening mechanism for the fog event ; the subsidence flow at the middle and low tropospheric levels is favorable for the setting - up and maintenance of stable stratification at the boundary layer and weak wind condition at the ground layer over the fog region ; the transportation of weak warm advection at lower levels and weak lift motion at the boundary layer play a very important role to the long maintenance of the fog event ; the intrusion of north wind accompanied by cold advection is a main dynamic factor of the fog dissipation 結果表明：在中高層暖性高壓脊及地面變性冷高壓穩定維持的大尺度背景條件下，地表凈輻射引起的近地層冷卻是大霧過程的觸發和加強機制；中低空下沉氣流的存在有助于近地層的弱風條件和穩定層結的建立；低層暖平流的輸入和邊界層的淺層抬升是大霧長時間持續的原因；伴隨冷空氣南下的偏北大風是驅使大霧消散的動力因子。

The quasi - geostrophic process was diagnosed for a case of severe cold air breakout under the blocking situation during 16 - 18 march of 1998 . the attention was focused on the relationship between the surface anticyclone and 500hpa blocking high . the results indicate that the cold outbreak is associated with the adjustment of blocking situation in the ural area , i . e . the collapsing and rebuilding of the ural mountain blocking high . the temperature advections in the lower troposphere shown that the polar cold air invading from the northwest caused the ural blocking high collapsed , and a new ridge developed rapidly was due to the warm advection on the southwestern side which led to the ural blocking high rebuilt . in addition , the distribution of the vertical motion on 700hpa shown that the surface high splitting was related to the considerable upward motion located on the southeastern part of surface high 對1998年3月中旬一次高空阻塞形勢下強冷空氣過程進行了診斷分析，著重討論強冷空氣爆發前后地面反氣旋活動與高空阻塞形勢調整的關系。研究結果表明，強冷空氣的爆發與烏拉爾地區阻塞形勢的調整阻塞高壓的崩潰和重建緊密相關。對流層下部的溫度平流分析表明，阻塞形勢的調整是由于阻塞高壓上游西北方有冷空氣侵入導致了阻塞高壓的崩潰，而上游來自西南方向的強暖流則導致高壓脊迅速發展，使阻塞高壓重新建立。

For the advection - dispersion model of one - dimensional reaction solute transport through soils with depth - dependent first - order degradation and depth - dependent linear equilibrium sorption under steady state flow , the numerical model is established by characteristic finite element method 對于穩態水流條件下，同時考慮隨深度變化的一階降解和隨深度變化的線性平衡吸附時，一維反應溶質運移的對流-彌散模型，建立了相應的特征有限元數值模型。

We make a diagnostic analysis about the evolution and distribution of the wet potential vorticity of the integral result of the model simulation at each time . we find that the explosive of the cyclone has a closely relationship with the advection of the potential vorticity 從氣旋發展過程中的位渦著手，對模式積分結果的各個時次的濕位渦的空間分布和隨時間的演變進形了診斷分析，得出：氣旋的爆發與位渦的平流關系密切。

The variances of the apparent heat source , apparent moist sink and the heavy rainstorm are well coupled . the time the maximums of them appeared is quite accordance ; the vertical advection term is the main contributor of the apparent heat source and apparent moist sink 視熱源、視水汽匯的變化和暴雨的演變之間存在較強的耦合，兩者的極值出現的時間十分一致；垂直平流項是視熱源、視水汽匯三個分量中的主要貢獻者。

By solving the 2 - d viscous navier - stocks equation , the flow field of the microjet was simulated . the results clearly reveal the features of microjet and the process of vortex pairs ? formation , advection , diffusion and entrainment effection on ambient fluid 結果清晰的反映了作動器出口附近微射流場的形態，同時也再現了此區域內旋渦對的生成、遷移和擴散過程以及微射流對周圍流體的卷吸作用。

The radial advection of vorticity plays a major role in the inward - propagation process of vorticity , and the nonlinear advection of perturbation vorticity may enhance the inward - propagation of vorticity , which results in the locally strengthening of the typhoon circulation 徑向平流在渦量內傳過摘要程中起主要作用，擾動渦量的非線性平流可以加強渦量內傳。內傳的渦量可以引起臺風局域加強。

The azimuthally linear advection may results in that the meso - scale vortex of initially circular shape becomes the elongated and spiral vorticity bands ; the radial linear advection may transfer the vorticity of the outer region towards the center of the typhoon 沿e方向的線性平流可使初始圓形的中尺度渦旋演變為狹長的螺旋狀的渦量帶;沿徑向線性平流的引進可使外區渦量向臺風中心方向傳播。

Then we come to the nonlinear advection - dominated transport problem , only the one - dimensional case is discussed . it is shown that the unknown c and the adjoint p are optimally approximated when it is discretized with the lowest order mixed finite element space 擴散項均為非線性的情形，對一維問題采用零次混合元空間進行離散，得到了l ~ 2范數意義下關于c ， p的最優誤差估計。