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abiotic

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abiotic adj.無生命的，非生物的。

adj. 無生命的，非生物的。 “abiotic animal“ 中文翻譯：   無菌動物“abiotic degeneratiaon“ 中文翻譯：   非生物性敗壞“abiotic degeneration“ 中文翻譯：   非生物性敗壞“abiotic degradation“ 中文翻譯：   非生物降解“abiotic elicitor“ 中文翻譯：   非生物激發子“abiotic environment“ 中文翻譯：   非生物環境；非生命環境; 無生命環境“abiotic factor“ 中文翻譯：   非生物因素; 非生物因子“abiotic model“ 中文翻譯：   非生物模型“abiotic nonliving“ 中文翻譯：   非生活的“abiotic origin“ 中文翻譯：   非生物成因“abiotic substance“ 中文翻譯：   非生物物質“abiotic surround“ 中文翻譯：   無生命環境“abiotic synthesis“ 中文翻譯：   非生物合成“abiotic zone“ 中文翻譯：   無生命帶“abiotic environmental factor“ 中文翻譯：   無機環境因素“interactions with abiotic environment“ 中文翻譯：   無生命環境的相互作用“soil abiotic enzyme“ 中文翻譯：   土壤非活體酶“abiotetra“ 中文翻譯：   賴甲四環素; 四環素亞甲賴氨酸“abiosis“ 中文翻譯：   n. 【醫學】生活力缺失。 “abioseston“ 中文翻譯：   非生物浮聚物質; 非生物懸浮物; 無機浮聚物質“abioseh“ 中文翻譯：   阿比奧塞“abios“ 中文翻譯：   先進的基本輸入輸出系統

The two main development tendencies of environmental hydraulics were introduced , first , ecological hydraulics with the research subject changing from abiotic components to biotic ones ; second , to be associated with “ 3s “ techniques with research water area changing from small areas to river basins 摘要當前環境水力學發展有兩個重要的趨勢，一是研究對象由無生命組分進人有生命組分，向生態水力學發展；二是與“ 3s ”結合，研究水域由小變大，向流域性水域發展。

Three new conceptions of rice breeding in the future are introduced briefly : from conventional breeding to rice variety design ; discovery and exploitation of “ hidden “ genetic diversity for improvement of abiotic stress tolerances ; rear green rice 摘要簡要介紹了未來水稻育種的三種新理念：從常規育種到品種設計；隱藏基因的發掘與提高非生物抗性；培育綠色水稻。

abject

Proteome techniques have widely been applied to the fields of plant genetics , plant development , and plant physiology and ecology to investigate plant genetic diversity , plant development such as seed maturation and germination processes , differentiation of plant tissue and organ , separation and functional identification of novel component of various organells , mechanisms of plant adapted to abiotic or biotic stresses including high temperature , low temperature , high salt , drought , and pathogens and insects , and interaction of plant with microbe 摘要蛋白質組技術已廣泛應用于植物遺傳、發育和生理生態等諸多生物學領域，主要研究植物的遺傳多樣性、植物發育（如種子成熟與發芽過程） 、組織器官的分化過程、不同亞細胞結構的新蛋白組分的發現及其功能鑒定、植物對非生物逆境（包括高溫、低溫、高鹽和干旱等）和生物逆境（病蟲害）的適應機制和植物與微生物（根瘤共生體）相互作用機制。

Cdpks play important roles in plant calcium signal transduction . there is increasing evidence that cdpks participate in c / n metabolism , transmembrane transport of ion and water , cytoskeletal regulation , stomatal movement regulation , growth and development regulation and biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants Cdpks在植物鈣信號轉導中具有重要的作用，越來越多的證據表明，在植物碳氮代謝、離子和水分跨膜運輸、細胞骨架調節、氣孔運動調節、生長發育調節以及生物和非生物脅迫應答反應中均有cdpks的參與。

With the acceleration of extinction of species , biodiversity conservation is extensively concerned . the extinction of species is concerned with the degree of threat by biotic and abiotic factors . so , taking action to preserve plant species is very necessary and paramount before their extinction . one of the most effective biological techniques to conserve the biodiversity is the establishment of genebanks , i . e . ex situ conservation . the elucidation of various factors that regulate seed viability and vigor in storage is essential . an ideal condition to prolong the longevity is mainly depended on seed water content , temperature , humidity and types of containers used during storage . the optimum stage of seed maturity , harvesting techniques and processing , in addition to physiological features such as degree of dormancy , also play key roles in seed storage . certainly , desiccated seeds deteriorate with time even under extremely good genebanking conditions . according to seed storage behavior , it is necessary to consider three principal factors : storage environment , storage duration and plant species which will affect seed survival under good genebanking conditions . the present review is an attempt to discuss the importance of the aforementioned aspects of seeds in detail in order to conserve plant germplasms ( especially wild rare and endangered plants ) for ex situ conservation through seed - gene bank 一個物種的滅絕是與其受生物因子和非生物因子的威脅程度相關的.隨著物種的加速絕滅,保護生物多樣性受到廣泛地關注.保護生物多樣性的最有效的生物技術之一是建立種子基因庫,進行遷地保護.種子庫理想的貯藏條件主要取決于種子含水量、貯藏環境(如溫度和濕度)和貯存種子的容器.進行種子貯藏,了解種子生命力和活力的影響因子的作用機理是十分重要和必要的.除了種子自身的生理特征外,種子的貯藏壽命與種子成熟度、收獲技術、加工處理方法也是息息相關的.即使在最適的庫存條件下,種子也會隨時間發生劣變.因此,必須根據種子特定的貯藏行為,加以考慮影響種子存活的3個主要方面(貯藏環境、貯藏期和植物種類)而選擇有效的貯藏方案.本文試圖討論種子貯藏生理的幾個重要方面及其需解決的技術問題,以便更好地通過種子基因庫,長期有效地保存植物種質資源

Biotic or abiotic stimuli can first cause the alteration in apoplastic signaling system ; on the other hand , apoplast provides a convenient pathway for cell - cell communication , and therefore plays a key role in regulation of cell differentiation , organ genesis , and growth development of plants 當植物遭受生物或非生物環境刺激時，可能首先引起質外體信號系統的變化；同時質外體作為植物細胞之間最方便的通道，在細胞間信號傳遞和信息交流上起重要作用，從而成為協調植物細胞分化、器官形成和整體生長發育的決定性因素之一。

The two main development tendencies of environmental hydraulics were introduced , first , ecological hydraulics with the research subject changing from abiotic components to biotic ones ; second , to be associated with “ 3s “ techniques with research water area changing from small areas to river basins 摘要當前環境水力學發展有兩個重要的趨勢，一是研究對象由無生命組分進人有生命組分，向生態水力學發展；二是與“ 3s ”結合，研究水域由小變大，向流域性水域發展。

Oxidative stress , an common secondly stress occurring after many kind of biotic or abiotic stresses such as salt stress , drought , heavy metal , radiation , low temperature , microbic infection , can change the plant internal redox environment and subsequently disturb its growth processes , metablism and existence 氧化脅迫是普遍發生于植物脅迫應答過程中的生理現象，植物在遭受鹽堿、干旱、重金屬、輻射、低溫等多種脅迫時常常會發生次生性氧化脅迫(傷害) 。

The roles of salicylic acid in inducing plants resistance to abiotic stress such as heavy metals , ozone , ultraviolet radiation , chilling , heat shock , water deficit and salt stress are reviewed and the possible physiological and molecular action mechanisms of salicylic acid are discussed 摘要本文綜述了水楊酸在誘導植物抗（耐）非生物脅迫如重金屬、臭氧、紫外輻射、過冷、熱激、水分虧缺和鹽脅迫等方面的進展，并探討了水楊酸作用的分子、生理機制。

Abiotic stresses such as drought , low temperature , and high salinity are major environmental factors that dramatically limit plant growth and crop productivity . the prediction is that high salinity will continue to be the major single abiotic factor likely to affect crop yields globally 環境脅迫，如干旱和高鹽是限制植物生長和農作物產量的重要環境因素，其中鹽脅迫是持續影響全球農作物產量的重要非生物因子。

In the experiment , we have explored optimal conditions for the transformation of torenia fournier , and transformated it with antisense acc synthase gene to get transformated torenia fournier plants with flower longevity extension and more tolerance to abiotic stress 本研究探索和完善了藍豬耳遺傳轉化條件，并將反義acc合酶基因轉化藍豬耳，以期獲得延長花壽命，和有較高抗性的轉基因藍豬耳植株。

Three new conceptions of rice breeding in the future are introduced briefly : from conventional breeding to rice variety design ; discovery and exploitation of “ hidden “ genetic diversity for improvement of abiotic stress tolerances ; rear green rice 摘要簡要介紹了未來水稻育種的三種新理念：從常規育種到品種設計；隱藏基因的發掘與提高非生物抗性；培育綠色水稻。

The soil salination is a significant abiotic stress for agricultural production and ecological environment and the research on salt tolerance represents an important part for basic plant biology 土壤鹽漬化是影響農業生產和生態環境的一個非常重要的非生物脅迫因素，是現代生物科學迫切需要解決的問題。

Biological conservation the preservation of the world ' s natural biological diversity and natural habitats and the maintenance , as far as is possible , of the abiotic factors that influence these 生物保護：保護世界上的天然的生物多樣性，自然棲息地，和盡可能的保護影響以上這些的非生物環境。

Abiotic environment the nonliving factors of the environment that influence ecological systems . abiotic factors include climate , chemical pollution , geographical features , etc 非生物環境：影響生態系統的非生物環境因子。非生物的因素包括氣候，化學污染，地理特征等。

The uptake of dissolved metals , a potentially significant source for overall metal accumulation in bivalves , is liable to be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors 摘要對溶解態重金屬的吸收是貝類累積重金屬的重要來源之一，易受到生物因素和非生物因素的影響。

Ecology the study of the relationships of organisms to one another and to their living ( biotic ) and nonliving ( abiotic ) environment 生態學：是研究生物與其他生物以及與有機（生物）和無機（非生物）環境之間的關系的學科。

Among these abiotic stresses , water deficit is the most severe environmental factor responsible for the reduction of crop yield in many parts of the world 其中，水分脅迫是造成全世界作物產量降低的最重要的環境因素。

Abiotic stresses , including drought , high salinity and extreme temperatures , greatly impair the growth and development of plants 干旱、高鹽、寒冷和高溫等非生物脅迫嚴重影響著植物的生長發育。