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hypocotyl

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hypocotyl n.【植物；植物學】(下)胚軸。

n. 【植物；植物學】(下)胚軸。 “hypocotyl arch“ 中文翻譯：   下胚軸拱“hypocotyl thickening“ 中文翻譯：   胚軸增厚“lower portion of hypocotyl“ 中文翻譯：   下胚軸下部“stem system above the hypocotyl“ 中文翻譯：   下胚軸以上的莖系統“transition from root to hypocotyl“ 中文翻譯：   從根到下胚軸的過渡; 根到下胚軸的過渡“hypocorticoidism“ 中文翻譯：   腎上腺皮質機能減退“hypocorticalism“ 中文翻譯：   腎上腺皮質機能減退“hypocotylar“ 中文翻譯：   下胚軸的“hypocoritcism“ 中文翻譯：   腎上腺皮質機能減退“hypocotyledonary“ 中文翻譯：   屬下胚軸的; 下胚軸的“hypocoristic“ 中文翻譯：   adj. 【語言學】愛稱的，表示親愛的。 “hypocotyledonary axis“ 中文翻譯：   下胚軸“hypocorism“ 中文翻譯：   愛稱

hypocrisy

Genes encoding the plant glutamate receptors were isolated from arabidopsis thaliana , a weed that has been adopted as a genetic model for plant researches . their study demonstrated that glutamate receptors in plants are also involved in a complex signalling pathway . when plants were grown in the presence of a compound that blocks human glutamate receptors , the plants response to light was partially hampered as illustrated by longer hypocotyl and reduced level of chlorophyll 他們在擬南芥菜( arabidposisthaliana ,一種植物遺傳學研究常用的野草)中分離出?氨酸感受器的基因編碼，并發現這些感受器直接影響植物內的訊息傳遞當植物種植在含有?氨酸感受器抑制劑的培養基內，植物的感光反應即受影響，其下胚軸會增長而葉綠素的合成則減少，由此證明植物內光的訊息傳遞受?氨酸感受器調控。

The hypocotyl segments of cabbage were used as the explants and cultured on a ms medium supplemented with plant hormone , which was established a cabbage regenerated system . the differentiation rate of adventitious buds was above 80 % . in this study , ubic gene was transformed to cabbage through agrobacterium mediated system 同時，采用甘藍無菌苗的下胚軸為外植體，以ms為基本培養基，分別用直接分化再生系統和愈傷再生系統誘導不定芽的分化，建立了高效穩定的再生系統，不定芽分化頻率達80以上。

The results showed that the vessel element did n ' t differentiate after the seeds had imbibied for 6 hours ; 6 hours after seeds germination , two loci ? ne below the middle portion of the cotyledon and the other in the lower portion of cotyledon - node zone ( cnz ) initiated the differentiation of vessel element simultaneously , then elongated towards the cotyledonary apex and hypocotyl - root region respectively ; eventually the two promoter loci began to interconnect through vessel elements 結果表明：種子吸漲6h ，未有導管分子的分化；種子萌發后6小時期間，自子葉中部偏下方和子葉節區下部的兩個位點同時啟動導管分子的分化，并分別向子葉葉尖和下胚軸-根的方向延伸；爾后，在發生兩個啟動位點之間發生導管分子的連接。

Using the young seedlings of wild type ( wt ) and four mutants ( phya , phyb , phyaphyb and hy4 ) of arabidopsis thaliana as plant materials , the effects of light quality and kinetin ( kt ) on some photomorphogenesis responses such as cotyledon enlargement , hypocotyl growth inhibition , accumulation of chlorophyll and anthocyanin were investigated in the present study . photoreceptor functions and interaction of light and kt in the responses was examined and discussed 本文以擬南芥( arabidopsisthaliana )野生型( wt )和四種光突變體phya 、 phyb 、 phyaphyb和砂hy4為材料研究不同光質與細胞分裂素( kt )對幼苗子葉擴大、下胚軸伸長、葉綠素和花色素苷積累的影響，分析光受體參與的反應以及探討光與kt在調節各種反應中的相互關系。

Effect of napthalene ( nap ) and pyrene ( pyr ) different concentration on hypocotyl germination of kandelia candel in sand culture is obvious . hypocotyl germination of kandelia candel showed no significant difference from control group at concentration of 0 . 1mg / l for nap and pyr . when at concentration of 1 mg / l and 10mg / l , nap showed a significant inhibition on hypocotyl germination of k . candel , but showed no inhibition on first pair of leaves ; at concentration of 10mg / l , nap showed a significant inhibition on the second pair of leaves Nap濃度為0 . 1mg l對秋茄種苗萌發的影響不明顯；在1mg l濃度組對秋茄種苗初期萌發階段即吐芽有明顯的抑制作用，而對第一對葉片和第二對葉片展開影響不明顯；在10mg l濃度組對種苗吐芽以及第一對葉片展開沒有明顯影響，而對第二對葉片展開有明顯的抑制作用。

It is concluded that the ca2 + influx from the apoplast through the ca2 + channel in the pm plays pivotal role in the hypocotyl curvature toward low - fluence bl . and we can give a further hypothesis that phototropin may act as the upstream regulator of calcium channel in the pm , from which the ca2 + influx and form the ca2 + singling as the second messenger in the cytoplasma 綜合以上的研究結果，本論文探討了c擴+參與下胚軸向光彎曲反應中的可能作用機制，提出了質膜鈣離子通道在photl介導的藍光誘導下胚軸向光反應中可能的作用模式。

( 1 ) plant regeneration system of cucumber contyledonary node was established . ( 1 ) the cotyledonary node was regarded as optimal explant by comparing the differentiation frequency of 3 kinds of explants ( cotyledon , cotyledonary node and hypocotyl ) . ( 2 ) by discussing the effect of pgr ( naa and 6 - ba ) concentration and combination on differentiation frequency of adventitious buds , we concluded that the optimal shoot induction medium is ms basal medium with 1mg / l 6 - ba ( ph5 . 8 ) ( 1 )黃瓜子葉節植株再生建立東北農業大學理學碩士學位論文一通過對比三種外植體（于葉、子葉節、下胚軸）的分化率，得出最佳外植體類型為子葉節；通過探討pgr （ naa 、 6 ba ）濃度和配比對不定芽分化的影響，得出最佳芽誘導培養基為：卜1叭6 。

In addition , whether and how the bl receptor photl regulate ca2 + - channels in the pm has not been investigated . in present study we aimed to identify ca2 + channels involved in bl signaling cascade . the patch clamp technique was applied to record the channels on the hypocotyl protoplasma of wild type and photoreceptor mutant of arabidopsis thaliana 采用膜片鉗技術在擬南芥下胚軸原生質體質膜上記錄并鑒定到一種超極化激活的鈣離子通透性通道，對其特性分析發現photl - 5突變體與野生型擬南芥的質膜鈣離子通透性通道電流有顯著差異，該差異可能是二者對胞外鈣表現不同反應的原因。

According to the space - tim e maturation during the development of the vessel elements in primary vascular system : the vessel elememts of the cotyledons and the lower portion of cnz formed firstly , then downward hypocotyl - root zone , at length , the vessel elememts of the upper and middle portion of cnz and epicotyl - shoot region connected with each other , the result uphold the seedling partition model that divides seedling into cnz , hypocotyl - root region and epicotyl - shoot region 根據金魚草幼苗初生維管系統導管分子發育的時空性，即子葉和子葉節區下部導管分子先形成，然后向下形成下胚軸-根區的導管分子，最后子葉節區中、上部與上胚軸-苗區的導管分子再發生連接，據此支持將幼苗分為子葉節區、下胚軸-根區和上胚軸-苗區的幼苗分區模型。

Length , diameter , density , fresh weight , dry weight , water content , osmotic potential and element concentrations ( ca , mg , na , k , cl ) were determined for each . seedling of b . gymnorrhiza and a . corniculatum were cultured for 60 days on various salinity of seawater ( 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 , 20 , 30 , 40 , 50 ) in green house . samples were taken at 3 , 7 , 11 , 15 , 22 , 30 , 45 and 60 days after planting , separated into root , hypocotyl , stem and leaf 本文研究了福建九龍江口木欖和桐花樹胎生繁殖體從果實形成到發育成熟過程中形態、生物量、含水量、胚軸密度、滲透勢、五種主要礦質元素( ca 、 mg 、 na 、 k 、 cl )等的變化和溫室內人工鹽度梯度栽培下木欖和桐花樹成熟繁殖體長成幼苗( 0 60d )過程中形態、生物量、含水量、滲透勢、光合蒸騰特性、五種主要礦質元素( ca 、 mg 、 na 、 k 、 cl )等的變化；并且在野外自然條件下，跟蹤調查不同灘涂位置下秋茄成熟繁殖體定居成活、自然死亡狀況以及測定幼苗生長過程中( 1年)形態、生物量、含水量、光合蒸騰特性等的變化。

In this paper , kandelia candel ( l . ) druce hypocotyls were cultivated in sand and treated with 15 % seawater for 60 days under laboratory conditions . the influence of increasing concentrations of napthalene and pyrene ( 0 , 0 . 1 , 1 and 10mg / l ) on hypocotyl germination and growth , photosynthesis metabolism , water metabolism and membrane protection system were observed to inquire into the ecophysiological responses of mangrove k . candel to pahs phytotoxicity . moreover , the concentration and distribution of parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( pah ' s ) in surface sediment , underground root and leaf residue of mangroves in jiulong river estuary ( fugong , north and south shores of haimen island , baijiao ) , neighbouring xiamen western harbour ( dong islet ) and dongzui harbour ( fenglin ) were examined 在實驗室條件下，分別以0 . 1 、 1和10mg l的萘( nap )和芘( pyr ) 3個梯度濃度組級砂基培養秋茄( kandeliacandel ( l . ) druce )幼苗，培養基鹽度15 ，培養期60d ，以不加pahs為對照，分析了nap和pyr對紅樹植物秋茄幼苗的生長、光合代謝、水分代謝以及膜保護系統的影響，探討pahs對紅樹植物秋茄的的生理生態效應及植物性毒害( phytotoxicity )的機理。

The genotype is a main factor in the genetic transformation via agrobacteriwn - mediated . the results of orthogonal experiments of the factors which affect mainly the transformation illuminates that the erniuxin genotype + bacterium 15 x + explant + dip - dye is the best one . the cocultivation time is 28 days . the experiment shows that : the erniuxin cotyledon regeneration frequency is very high , and that the dongnong901 hypocotyl regeneration frequency is very high 確立了農桿菌介導轉化過程中基因型是影響轉化率的主要因素。通過極差分析，基因型為“二牛心” ，菌液濃度15倍的，外植體為子葉，感染方法為浸泡法是最佳的組合。農桿菌與外植體共培養的時間為28h 。

Cotyledon and hypocotyl ' s rate and quamity are the most among these explams , and callus can be obtained in 10 days by cotyledon and hypocotyl . reversely it is difficult to indue callus with root , and the callus from root is lnde and easy to become browning . the calius obtained from leaf grows very slow and does not become browning uniill in 2 or 3 months 銀杏的不同器官和組織都能夠誘導出愈傷組織來，其中，子葉和胚軸10d左右全部愈傷化，誘導速度和誘導率均最高，根則很難誘導，愈傷組織很少，褐化很快；葉片誘導的愈傷組織，生長慢，褐化也慢，在培養基上保持兩三個月而不褐化；胚乳的誘導時間也較長，需要30d左右。

Northern blot analysis showed the pf40 gene was expressed in all tissue of plant but predominantly in very young tissue such as hypocotyl and bud , the result was further tested by fusion pf40 with gus gene . used different hormone to induce the pf40 gene showed it was regulated by 6 - ba and ga 用pf40基因與gus基因融合表達的結果與northern雜交結果相近， pf40基因主要在植物生長旺盛部位表達。激素誘導實驗發現pf40基因是受6 - ba與ga的調控的。

2 effects of light quality and kt on hypocotyl elongation the hypocotyl elongation of 2 - d - old etiolated seedlings was inhibited evidently under continuous light including uv - b , wl , bl , fr and rl . the inhibition effectiveness was uv - b > wl > bl > fr > rl 二、光質和kt對下胚軸伸長的影響不同光質持續照光對2天齡黃化下胚軸伸長有明顯的抑制，不同光質對伸長抑制的效應表現為uv - b wl bl fr rl 。

First , we studied the role of exogenous ca2 + ion in the hypocotyl phototropism . the curvature of hypocotyls was strongly depended on extracelluar ca2 + concentration . in the medium with low ca2 + ( < 200 nm ) , hypocotyl curvature was significantly inhibited 胞外鈣離子對下胚軸向光彎曲影響的實驗結果表明，不同的胞外鈣離子濃度引起下胚軸向光彎曲角度發生變化。

As for pyr , when at concentration of 0 . 1mg / l and img / l , hypocotyl germination of kandelia candel showed no significant difference from control group ; at concentration of 10mg / l , pyr produced a significant inhibition on the second pair of leaves Pyr濃度為0 . 1mg l和1mg l對秋茄種苗萌發均沒有明顯的影響；在10mg l濃度組對第二對葉片展開有明顯的抑制作用。

Inversely , when kt was present in the medium the light induced inhibition was also decreased . it is an independent process of light and kt on inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and they showed multiplication effect on the process 不同光質下可降低kt對下胚軸伸長的抑制效應；反之， kt的存在也降低了不同光質對下胚軸伸長的抑制作用。

The explants of for root , hypocotyl and cotyledon were cultured . among them the hypocotyls from 20d or 30d seedings was the best for callus forming and anthocyanin production 以20d或30d齡的無菌苗下胚軸作外植體，效果好，愈傷組織生長量大，花色素苷的含量也高。